Capítulo 1: Empatía
1.5 Neurofisiología de la Empatía
1.5.3 Interacción de los dos sistemas
86. The
F R U I T- B O D Y(79), a temporary part of vegetables, dedicated to reproduction, ending the old and beginning the new; seven parts of it are included in the reckoning.
I. The C A LY X, the bark of the plant that is present in the fruit-body.
1. The perianth, the calyx of the plant (78), adjoining the fruit-body.
a. Of the fruit-body, enclosing the stamens and the ovary.
b. Of the flower, containing the stamens, but not the ovary.
c. Of the fruit, containing the ovary, but not the stamens.
2. The involucre, fig. 135; the calyx of the umbel (29), distant from the flower.
a. Universal, placed under the universal umbel.
b. Partial, placed under the partial umbel.
3. The catkin, fig. 137; a calyx consisting of a chaffy bud-like common receptacle.
4. The sheath, figg. 132 and 133; a calyx on the stalk, torn length-wise.
5. The husk, fig. 134; the calyx of a grass, with valves that clasp it.
The awn, a sharp point situated on the husk.
6. The veil, fig. 136; the calyx of a moss, placed over the anther.
7. The volva, fig. 139; the membranous calyx of a fungus, rent all round.
II. The C O R O L L A, the rind of the plant that is present in the flower.
8. The petal, the corollaceous covering of the flower.
a. The tube, fig. 142a; the lower, tubular part of a corolla consisting of a single petal.
b. The limb, fig. 142b; the upper, expanded part of a corolla consisting of a single petal.
Bell-shaped; bellying out, without any tube.
Funnel-shaped; conical, placed on a tube.
Salver-shaped, fig. 142; flat, placed on a tube.
Wheel-shaped; flat, not placed on any tube.
Ringent; irregular, mask-like, and [divided] into two lips.
c. The finger-nail, fig. 144a; the lower part of a corolla consisting of several petals, fixed to the base.
d. The blade, the upper, spreading part of a corolla consisting of several petals.
Cross-shaped, fig. 144; opening out with four petals, all alike.
Butterfly-shaped, irregular; with the lower petal boat-shaped, the upper going upwards, and those at the side solitary.
9. The nectary, the honey-producing part peculiar to the flower, figg. 145–8.
III. The S TA M E N, the organ for the preparation of pollen.
10. The filament, the part that raises the anther, and has it attached to itself.
11. The anther, the part of the flower that is pregnant with pollen, which nature discharges.
12. The pollen, the powder of the flower, which will be burst by moisture and throw out elastic particles.
IV. The P I S T I L, an organ adhering to the fruit, for the reception of the pollen.
13. The ovary, the rudiment of the immature fruit in the flower.
14. The style, the part of the pistil that raises the stigma from the ovary.
15. The stigma, the top of the pistil, which is damp with moisture from the bursting of the pollen.
V. TheP E R I C A R P, an organ pregnant with seeds, which it discharges when they are ripe.
16. The capsule, figg. 160, 159, and 161; a hollow pericarp, which dehisces in a definite way.
The valvule, fig. 159a; the wall by which the fruit is protected externally.
The partition, fig. 15b; the wall by which the fruit is internally divided into several chambers.
The columella, fig. 159c; the part that connects the internal wall with the seeds.
The cell, fig. 159d; an empty chamber to provide room for the seeds.
17. The siliqua, fig. 155; a pericarp with two valves, and seeds fixed to it along both seams.
18. The pod, fig. 154; a pericarp with two valves, and seeds fixed to it along one seam only.
19. The conceptacle, fig. 153; a pericarp with one valve, dehiscent length-wise at the side, separated from the seeds.
20. The stone-fruit, fig. 157; a pericarp filled [with tissue] and without any valve, containing a nut.
21. The pome, fig. 158; a pericarp filled [with tissue] and without any valve, containing a capsule.
22. The berry, fig. 158, a pericarp filled [with tissue] and without any valve, yet containing uncovered seeds.
23. The cone, fig. 138, a pericarp made out of a catkin.
VI. The S E E D, a deciduous part of the vegetable, the rudiment of a new one, brought to life by the irrigation of the pollen.
24. The seed (properly), the fresh rudiment of a vegetable, irrigated with moisture and coated with a bag.
a. The corcle, the first beginning of a new plant within the seed.
The plumule, the scaly part of the corcule, which goes up.
The rostellum, the plain part of the corcule, which goes down.
b. The cotyledon, the lateral body of the seed, which is absorbent and drops off.
c. The hilum, the external scar on the seed, from its attachment to the fruit.
d. The aril, the peculiar outer coat of the seed, which comes off of itself.
e. The coronule, an epicalyx which adheres to it, and by which it becomes airborne.
The tuft, fig. 162; a feathery or hairy corona which becomes air-borne.
The stipe, a thread that supports [the tuft] and connects the tuft and the seed.
f. The wing, a membrane fixed to the seed, which becomes airborne and causes dissemination.
25. The nut, a seed covered with a bony outer shell.
26. The layer, the seed of a moss, stripped of its bark, discovered in 1750.
VII. The R E C E P TA C L E, the base by which the six [other] parts of the fruit-body are attached to each other.
27. The peculiar receptacle, which is concerned with the parts of only one fruit-body.
Of the fruit-body, common to the flower and the fruit.
Of the flower, the base to which the parts of the flower, except the ovary, are attached.
Of the fruit, the base for the fruit, separate from the receptacle of the flower.
Of the seeds, the base by which the seeds are fixed inside the pericarp.
28. The common receptacle, which has several florets attached to it, so that, if some are removed, this results in irregularity, fig. 140.
The palea, a gill adhering to it, separating the florets, fig. 141.
29. The umbel, a receptacle extended from one and the same centre into proportionate thread-like peduncles.
a. Simple, not subdivided, for instance Panax.
b. Compound, with all its peduncles displaying smaller umbels at their tips.
Universal, producing other, smaller umbels at its tips.
Partial, the smaller umbel that issues from the universal one.
30. The cyme, a receptacle extended into erect bundled peduncles from one and the same universal centre, but with indeterminate partial [centres].
31. The spadix, fig. 133b; the receptacle of a palm, which grows out from within a sheath into small branches that bear fruit.