La Coordinación de Servicios Sociales y Sanitarios

Exercises

1. Read aloud and translate the following and chart the verbs.

#r<a"ßh'-l[; ~T,îb.v;ywI) ~t'_ao ~t,äyfi[]w:

(Lev 25:18)

wyr"Þ['-lk'w> hd"îWhy> Hb'² Wbv.y"ïw>

(Jer 31:24)

~yIr"+c.miB. h[oßr>p;l. WnyyIïh' ~ydI²b'[] ^ên>bil. T'är>m;a'w>

(Deut 6:21)

~yIr"+c.mil. ytiyfiÞ[' rv<ïa] ~t,êyair> ~T,äa;

(Exod 19:4)

Hebrew for Biblical Interpretation 88

l[;… ‘^a]F'yI) Ÿhw"Ühy>

³

x "Wr’w> %T'ªaime %lEåae ŸynIåa] hy"ùh'w>

(1 Kings 18:12)

[d"êae-al{) rv<åa]

hV'Þai T'îx.q;l'w> %lE+Te

⁴

yTiÞd>l;Am-la,w> yci²r>a;-la, yKió

(Gen 24:4)

`qx'(c.yIl. ynIïb.li

2. Read aloud and translate the following. In order to translate, you will need to look up some words in a lexicon. Chart the verbs.

rv<åa] ‘hd<F'B; ybiªa'-dy:l. yTiäd>m;['w> aceøae ynI“a]w:

(1 Sam 19:3)

hm'Þ ytiyaiîr"w> ybi_a'-la, ^ßB.

⁵

rBEïd:a] ynI¨a]w: ~v'ê hT'äa;

`%l")

⁶

yTid>G:ïhiw>

~yvi²n"a]h' hYEôa; Alê Wrm.aYOæw: ‘jAl-la, WaÜr>q.YIw:

(Gen 19:5)

^yl,Þae WaB'î-rv,a]

wypi_B. ~yrIßb'D>h;-ta, T'îm.f;w> wyl'êae

⁷

T'är>B;dIw>

(Exod 4:15)

`[r"(w" bAjï

⁸

y[eÞd>yO ~yhiêl{aKe( ‘~t,yyIh.wI

_{(Gen 3:5)}

3 “the spirit of”

4 “my kindred”

5 “I will speak”

6 “I will tell” (Perfect of a stem you will learn later.)

7 “you will speak”

8 “knowing” (A conjugation you will learn later.)

Chapter 11 Qal Perfect, Part II Meaning of the Perfect

The name of the perfect, like the name of the imperfect, is misleading because the English perfect has a much narrower range of meanings than does the Hebrew perfect. For this reason some grammars prefer to use terms that refer to form, such as affix conjugation, or to a more adequate definition of meaning, for example, perfective conjugation.

In the Hebrew verb system, the perfect contrasts with the imperfect. But, as we saw with the imperfect, scholars debate its meaning when it stands alone without a vav. Older Jewish grammarians and some contemporary scholars, who understand the imperfect as a present and future tense, understand the perfect as a past tense. But the perfect may need to be translated with a present or future tense depending on the context.

Other Hebrew grammarians, who instead understand the imperfect as describing an incomplete action, understand the perfect as describing a complete action. The tense is determined by the context. The name perfect and the description of the perfect in some grammars as a completed action is misleading. This is true in English grammar, but in Hebrew, the action of the verb may still be incomplete from the perspective of the timeframe of the narrative. The name perfective would be grammatically more accurate, but this book retains the name perfect because that is the name most commonly used in lexicons and reference works. The Hebrew perfect, however, describes not a completed action but instead an action viewed as a complete, whole situation, or event.

Used with a dynamic verb it describes an event, either long or short. In an individual use the emphasis may be on the beginning, middle, entirety, or end of a complete event. Whereas the

Hebrew for Biblical Interpretation 90

imperfect represents a progressive, repeated, or dependant situation, the perfect is used when viewing a situation as a whole.

Hollow Verbs

The vowel pointing of the perfect is the same for both II-vav and II-yod. Generally there is much overlap and perhaps confusion between the two types of roots.

Some hollow verbs, such as

bWv

(turn, return) and

!yci

^(set,

place) have a-class vowels under the first letter:

3ms

bv;

^3cp

Wbv;Ú

3fs

hb;v;Ú

2ms

T;b]v'Ú

^2mp

!T,b]v'

2fs

T]b]v'

^2fp

@T,b]v'

1cs

yTib]v'Ú

^1cp

Wnb]v'Ú

Notice that the stress is on the second-to-last vowel in many of the forms. This is an indicator of a hollow verb.

Some other verbs, such as

tWm

^{(die) or}

vwOB

(be ashamed) take i-class or u-class vowels in several perfect forms. The remaining forms have the same a-class vowels as in the table above. These are often called statives because they describe states of being, (for example, dead or ashamed). A complete table is not necessary, as these forms can be identified in reading by the perfect suffixes, by having only two letters, and in many cases by having the accent on the second-to-last vowel.

The Root

!tn

This frequently occurring verb is the only III-nun verb that shows assimilation of the final nun before suffixes beginning with tav

T

^.

yTin>q;z"

_{I am old}

yTit Ú;n"

I have given

~T,t;n>

you (mp) have given

Qal Perfect, Part II 91 Suffixed Pronouns

The perfect takes the same suffixed pronouns you have seen on prepositions, nouns, and the imperfect. The endings and vowels of the perfect show some changes with the addition of suffixed pronouns. As a reference, the following table summarizes the forms of the perfect before pronoun suffixes.

3ms –

rm'v.

_{3cp –}

Wrøm'v.

3fs –

tr"øm'v.

–

tr:øm'v.

2ms –

Tør>m;v.

_{2mp –}

WTør>m;v.

2fs –

yTør>m;v.

_{2fp –}

WTør>m;v.

1cs –

yTiør>m;v.

_{1cp –}

Wnør>m;v.

Note that these forms are difficult to identify in reading because the qamets, normally an indicator of the perfect, is reduced to a sheva and many of the endings of the perfect are changed.

Moreover, the endings in this table are often written defectively.

Thus the 2fs suffix–

yTi

_– is frequently written –

Ti

_– and the 2mp suffix–

WT

_–is frequently–

Tu

_–.

The suffixed pronouns function as an object of the verb. As we saw with suffixed pronouns on the imperfect, they can be suffixed either to the end of the verb or the sign of the definite direct object, with no apparent difference in meaning.

HT'r>m;v'

you kept her

Ht ;Aa T'r>mÚ;v'

you kept her

In document Marco Teórico (página 92-103)