Situación real después de doce años de aplicación de la LAPAD

@/[;

transgression, iniquity (the vav is pronounced as a consonant)

br<q,Ú br,q,ÚB]

inward part, midst in the midst (of), among

hb;r:

be(come) numerous, be great;

(Hi) multiply, make many

lg,r<Ú

^foot

Piel Perfect 151 Exercises

1. Read aloud, translate, and chart the verbs in the following passages. Discuss the meaning of the Piel verbs.

~B'_ T'Þr>B;dIw> ^yn<ëb'l. ~T'än>N:viw>

(Deut 6:7)

#r<a'ªh'-ta,w> ~yIm:åV'h;-ta, hw"÷hy> hf'’[' û~ymiy"-tv,ve( yKiä

(Exod 20:11)

%r:ôBe !Keª-l[; y[i_ybiV.h; ~AYæB; xn:Y"w: ~B'ê-rv,a]-lK'-ta,w> ‘~Y"h;-

^a

ta,

`

^c

Whve(D>q;y>w:)

^b

tB'ÞV;h; ~Ayð-ta, hw"±hy>

(^a mlt Mss

íêæ

^Ms

æ

^P

× taw>

_{{

^b _{Pap Nash}

_íê y[ybvh

_{{

^c _{Pap Nash}

wyv

_–)

a

Al= T'r>B:ßDI-rv,a] taeî

^a

ybiêa' dwIåD" ‘^D>b.[;l. T'r>m;ªv' rv<åa]

(1 Kgs 8:24)

`hZ<)h; ~AYðK; t'aLeÞmi

^b

^ïd>y"b.W ^ypi²B. rBEïd:T.w:

(^a–a

à í

^*

{{

^b

íê×

^pl)

2. From now on, you will be assigned passages to read from BHS. Use these to practice both your Hebrew and exegetical skills.

For example, in order to translate, you will need to read the text-critical notes in BHS. You may want to do word studies on certain words, or you might discuss the evidence of sources or editors.

Read aloud and translate Genesis 2:7–9 using the following notes. Chart the verbs, as usual.

Verse7

wyP'Þa;B.

The first letter is a preposition, and the last a

suffixed pronoun. BDB gives you help finding the root. Under I.

#a'

(in small print) it says “v. sub

#na

^.”That is the root.

Verse 9

dm'îx.n<

“Pleasant.” This is a Niphal participle. You will study the Niphal and participles in later chapters.

t[;D:ßh;

BDB will help you find the root.

Chapter 22

Conjugations of Will, Part I

The imperfect and perfect conjugations are declarative. They make a simple declaration or assertion such as, “Pharaoh said to Moses.” Hebrew also has three volitional conjugations. The term volitional is from the Latin verb “to wish.” Speakers using these conjugations attempt to impose their will on someone or something. The three volitional conjugations are the jussive, imperative, and cohortative. Originally separate forms, now they work together to make up one volitional class.

Person Conjugation Translation (sample verb:

db[

⁾

third jussive Let him/her/them work.

May he/she/they work.

second imperative Work!

first cohortative May I/we work.

I/We might/can work.

Let me/us work.

The terms jussive and imperative are from Latin verbs meaning “to order” and “to command.” In Hebrew, these conjugations may be used for commands, and also advice, permission, requests, wishes, and so on. In other words, the degree to which the speaker exerts his or her will varies. Often the social status of the speaker relative to the hearer determines whether these forms are used as commands or requests.

This table serves as a guideline only because there is some confusion either in the Masoretic tradition or in our understanding.

It is important to note that the jussive and cohortative often have the same form as the imperfect. Perfects may also be used

Conjugations of Will, Part I 153 alongside imperatives in prayers. The infinitive absolute (which we will study later) can also be used as an imperative.

The volitional conjugations in this chapter are based on the Qal stem. Hiphil and Piel conjugations expressing will are dealt with in the next chapter.

Qal Jussive

Some verbs have a short and long form of the imperfect. The short form is used with vav consecutive and is similar or identical to the jussive.

Conjugation Example (verb:

hyh

⁾ Translation

Imperfect

`!w<a")l. hy<ïh.yI laeÞ-tybe(W

Bethel shall become nothing (Amos 5:5)

Short Imperfect

rAa*-yhiy>w:)

There was light (Gen 1:3) Jussive

rAa= yhiäy>

Let there be light (Gen 1:3) Most verbs, however, do not have a short form of the imperfect. In that case, the forms of the imperfect and the jussive are the same.

For these verbs, context indicates whether the form is an imperfect or a jussive.

In earlier forms of the language, there were short forms in all three persons but, by the time of Biblical Hebrew, the jussive occurred only in the second and third person. The second person jussive occurs with negation and is covered in Chapter 23.

The jussive forms of III-he’ and II-vav or II-yod (hollow) verbs have missing letters. These forms are usually slightly different from the imperfect with vav consecutive.

The final he’ is missing for jussive forms of III-he’ verbs.

Root Jussive Translation

hl[ l['y"Û

Let him go up; May he go up

hyh yhiyÒ

Let it be; May it be(come), happen

htv T]v]yEÚ

Let him drink; May he drink

Hebrew for Biblical Interpretation 154

The middle vav and yod is missing for the jussive forms of hollow verbs.

Root Jussive Translation

t/m tmoy:

Let him die; May he die

bWv bvoy:

Let him return; May he return

!yci !cey:

Let him place; May he place Qal Imperative

The imperative is similar to the form of the imperfect with the prefixes removed. Since this results in two vocal shevas in a row in the 2fs and 2mp forms, which Hebrew cannot tolerate, the first sheva turns into a Hireq. (This is the rule of sheva.) The indicator of the imperative is a sheva or Hireq under the first root letter.

PGN Imperfect Imperative

2ms

rmov]Ti rmov]

2fs

yrIm]v]Ti yrIm]vi

2mp

Wrm]v]Ti Wrm]vi

2fp

hn:rÒmoÚv]Tii hn:rÒmoÚv]

I-gutturals take a composite sheva (usually Hateph pataHi but with I-´alephs, Hateph segol) instead of a simple sheva in the 2ms and 2fp forms:

Root Imperative Translation

In document Marco Teórico (página 182-200)