4. PODER DE CONVOCATORIA DE LA OBRA DE ARTE
4.3. La emoción artística: efecto que trasciende
V
viewed face . . . 7 – 42 Volume operation. . . 8 – 55 Combine . . . 8 – 57 Punch . . . 8 – 55
Work on members
Adapt. . . 8 – 52 Cut . . . 8 – 54 length modification . . . 8 – 51 Regroup . . . 8 – 54 Split . . . 8 – 54 Z
zoom . . . 3 – 12
Basics II.
– bocad-3D Edition Steel – Basics II.
– bocad-3DEdition Steel –
Version of Manual: 26.04.2005
Am Umweltpark 7 D-44793 Bochum
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Contens
1. Curved Members
Description
With bocad standard or numerous cold rolled profiles can also be constructed and evaluated as curved members. The possibilities of the construction are explained in the following:
1.1. Creation shapes
Description
In order to be able to create curved members there are two creation types. On the one hand the creation over n points and, on the other, the curved creation type. The curved is usable for all circular or elliptical shaped members.The usage of n points is suitable for all remaining va-riants of curves which describe a function.
Basically, in both cases the curve is described over a polygon.
Explanation for ...
....the n-points shape
A shop drawing is created with n points. The points for the creation must be created previous-ly, e.g. over the achievement Points / functions.
Note: The higher the number of constructed points, the more exact is the description of the member for the evaluation.
Start offset and end offset
Curved members can not be lengthened or shortened in their curvature. Over the Start offset and End offset you can create a shift of the start and end points. This has, as with straight members, only the effect of a lengthening of the last polygon section.
Position
The position for curved members is defined in the same way as for straight members (see Ba-sics I., chapter 7.3)The picked points act as neutral fibres! The transverse shift TS defines the position of the cross section to the neutral fibres of the shop dra-wing!Important:A transverse shift may only be slightly attached. Therefore, even with large shifts (lying outside the cross section) the member lengths remain and the entered radius is maintained. The upsetting or stretching of the member lengths and the modification of the radius remain unconsidered.All shifts of the section are permanently saved to the section and can be called up via Info / Members / Member Characteristics.
Shift delta_Y_L
The shop drawing is later shifted to the first and last point at Delta_Y_L. The neutral fibre also moves, as it concerns a subsequent shift.
Shift delta_Y_E
The neutral fibre is newly established for the entered value by a parallel shift of the pikked points. Thereby, the new, real length of the member and a new radius result. So over Delta_Y_E positive the section is positively stretched and over Delta_Y_E negative is nega-tively upset!
Use 'TS' and 'Delta_Y_E The settings
TS "=" value, position designation MIDDLE Delta_Y_E "=" 0 Produce an identical section such as
TS "=" 0, position designation MIDDLE Delta_Y_E "=" value.
The difference between the two members exists in the member length, as the first section oc-cupies another position of the neutral fibre and, therefore, underlies other flow conditions.
Important: With it you receive the correct radii details for the evaluation of shop drawings, use with a larger shift (outside the bending line of the cross section) Delta_Y_E instead of the transverse shift TS. Then through the shift Delta_Y_E the neutral fibre is shifted and the radius is newly determined. For TS the radius remains given, because the neutral fibre remains given.
6000 Indication of the radius with TS > height of cross section
Indication of the radius with delta_Y_E > height of cross
... for the curved shape
A shop drawing is shifted by 2 points under consideration of the chosen function Circle or El-lipse.
! Circle
The picked 2 points (start point, end point) and the given radius clearly define the Circle sec-tion, so that the centre of the circle does not have to be inputted. A maximum arc of 180 degrees is constructible. The chosen radius must amount to at least half the distance of the picked points.
! Ellipse
The picked 2 points (start point, end point) and the inputted radii of the main axes define the Ellipse clearly, so that the centre of the ellipse does not have to be inputted. A maximum ellipse arc of 180 degrees is constructible.
! Radius
The Radius gives the circle radius or the radius of the large ellipse axis. If the radius is ne-gatively given, the course of the curve 'strikes' downwards.
! Second radius
The Second radius establishes the radius of the small ellipse axes.
Explanation of the additional files for curved members
Tangential or external circle
If the Tangential or external circle option is activated, then the approximation to the circle / ellipse function by tangents to the circle / the ellipse is produced. The member bending points are the cut points of the neighbouring tangents and are not base points of the corresponding function. The picked connection points "search" the nearest base points of the chosen function and additionally construct a tangent in the course of the member. Through this, the exact ob-servation of the function course in the connection area tangentially achieved.
With the chosen Tangential or external circle option, then the approximation to the circle / ellipse function over external circles of the circle / the ellipse is effected. The member bending points define the base points of the individual function. The picked connection points "search"
the nearest base points of the chosen function and additionally construct an external circle in
Note: Be aware of the type of creation of the curved section for the dimensioning of the arc (see chapter on Arc Dimensioning), otherwise this will not lead to correct results in some circumstances.
Visible edges
With the activated option are the Sides visibly displayed, which result from the polygon por-trayal of the course (right picture). If the option Sides visible is chosen, the sides are dropped in the portrayal (left picture)
(Base point) Division parameters
There are three setting possibilities for the base point division parameters which are directly connected to the tangential or external circle option::
Note The above described base point division parameter is only valid for the output form of the member course. The possible, additional connection areas disturb the chosen division parameter.
Section
With the Section option you determine how the division parameter of the base point should be carried out. It can either be created over the details of an amount of points, or over issue of a max. length. For every setting the corresponding input for points or lengths is read.
(Base) Points
The figure in the input line Points corresponds to the amount of bending points in the member course. Polygon shaped lines are laid down on the created base points. These form then the member sides. Correspondingly, the genuine member sides lie above or below the displayed lines. In order to avoid the connected members becoming too short or too long, the areas to which the members connect must already be given on creation.
Important: Further work and adjustment of drawings (e.g. unfoldings) depends in some cir-cumstances on the amount of base points of the created and worked on section.
I.e. the higher the amount of base points of a section that there are, the harder further usage of the section becomes in the programme. The upper limit of base in X External circle approximation (Tangential or External Circle option
deactiva-ted): All bending points have the same relative X distance to one another. Tan-gents approximation (Tangential or External Circle option activated): All middle bending points have the same relative X distance to one another.
in Y External circle approximation: All bending points have the same relative Y di-stance to one another. Tangents approximation: All middle bending points have the same relative Y distance to one another.
any The bending points are constructively created.
HEA200 HEA200
Edges unvisible - Option deactivated
Edges visible – Option activated
points of a section are at the current time at about 4096 points.
The number of base points consists of:
! Base points of the cross section (e.g. for pipes or for resolutions of mem-bers increases),
! Base points which arise from the length (e.g. for severely curved members increases),
! Base points which arise from blendings.
All these points run for the further working on the individual work processes, increase thereby, on the one hand the calculation times, or prevent the process completely in some circumstances.
Length
The value for the Length gives the max. distance between the base points.
Example: The construction of a curved member Prerequisite
The grid should be widened left and right for every measure, so that the member can be crea-ted longer than necessary.
Procedure
Create generation points of the curved member.
"
Result
2IPE330 2
1 IPE330
A
1000 2000 2000 2000 1000
8000
1 2 3 4 5 6
K 0 K 2000 K 5000
7500
2. Detaillingbox
With the help of the Detaillingbox in the menu (Member) edit, you can completely detail any member with functions like Cutting, Coping, Creation of an internal etc.
Significance of detailling parameters
With the detailling input you find a solution for everything which can be punched. In the follo-wing we will explain the working process with the detaillingbox.
Multiple view from member Set as handled member
Set coordinate system Cut member
Cope member
Create inner outline
Delete inner outline
Move inner outline
Move outer edges
Picking external outline Point info
Functions in the dialog window Detaillingbox
Number of basepoints
2.1. Working method with the detaillingbox
Procedure:
1. To shift a member, for example a HEA profile.
2. To load the function Work on members >
detaillingbox.
3. To open handled member in Multiple view from member (the handling can be done, however, in any other view).
4. To set the member as handled member:
# Pick member in any view.
# The member lightens and is now pre-pared for the handling.
5. Setting of the coordinate system:
In this case a coordinate system is set for this member. Normally this coordinate sy-stem is set into a edge point of the mem-ber. This Coo syst is a mere local coordinate system with the X-axis poin-ting in longitudinal direction and the Y-axis in the direction of the profile height.
The system can be realised any time by selecting the function Set coordinate sy-stem via the corresponding icon and then determining the edge for the new coordi-nate origin via Pick.
6. Selection of a handling via the functional icons, input of the necessary parameters and handling of the member. The availa-ble handling options for this case will be explained in detail in the following section.
2.2. Functions of the detaillingbox
2.2.1. Cut memberAfter clicking the icon Cut member, the para-meter values for B and H must be entered (con-firm last entry with the return key). Then you have to pick that member edge you want to cut.
1.
Note: X- and Y-coordinates must not be entered for this function.
2.2.2. Coping
First select the icon for Coping. Enter parame-ter values for B and H. Terminate last value with the return key. Then you have to pick that mem-ber edge you want to cope.
Note: X- and Y-coordinates must not be entered for this function.
2.2.3. Create internal contour
The generation of an internal contour can be carried out in different ways, by defining the po-sition of the internal contour via value input, picking of points or a combination of both:
Create internal contour by values
First select the icon for Create internal contour. Enter then the values for the X and Y direction (the Anchor point of the internal contour can be adjusted in the tab More). Enter the values B, H and R next to that tab. Confirm the tab with OK and then create the internal contour by pressing the return key.
Create internal contour by points
The second possibility for creating an internal contour is to determine the place of the internal contour with the help of reference points created before without specifying the X and Y coordi-nates. Click these points and confirm them with the return key.
Create internal contour by values and point
You can also create an internal contour by specifying B, H, and R and clicking on the position of the member where you wan to create the internal contour.
Internal contour with distance to another one
With the parameters dx and dy, you can create internal contours with a distance to an existing internal contour by entering the dx value confirming it with the return key. By pressing again the return key, the new contour will then be created relatively to the previous one.
2.2.4. Delete internal contour
Select the icon Delete internal contour. Input of parameters is not necessary for this function.
Pick then one edge of the internal contour and confirm it with the return key.
2.2.5. Move internal contour
First click on the icon for Move internal contour. Then enter only the values for dx and dy -in this case also negative values can be speci-fied. Confirm the last value with the return key.
Pick then an internal contour edge in the main view and confirm it twice with the return key.
Reference points
2.2.6. Outside edge shift
This function is carried out like the function Move internal contour. The only difference is that first the icon for Outside edge shift must be clicked.
2.2.7. Freely pick external outline
After picking the icon for Freely pick external outline and without specifying any parameter, an external outline can be picked - in the picking-mode Free. By the picking the external contour, you will create a punching plate to be punched with the member.
The first and the last point of the picked contour are extended automatically, i.e. you can also use points which lie on the edge of the member.
1 2
3 4
5 6
1 2 3
4
5 1
2
3 4
Points for punching volumes
Punched member
3. Bent Plates
Two variants of bent plates can be created with bocad: On the one hand there are parallel bent plates and, on the other, there are conical bent plates. The parallel bent plate has all sides lying parallel to one another, i.e. the cross section of the plate remains unaltered. With the conical bent plate however the sides run – extending endlessly – together into a point. The cross sec-tions on the shift starting point and on the shift end point have the same number of contour points, yet the side lengths are different.
In the following the scope with the frequently used parallel-bent plates is explained.
3.1. Shifting
Creation of any thick parallel bent plates Description
Parallel bent plates can be created in long view, as well as in the side view. Additionally, deter-mined surface characteristics can be assigned to all the bent plates. The procedure - for the creation of standard and special profiles alike - is explained in the following examples.
Explanation of the "Member-Data" tab
Profile
The profile designation can be written in the input field behind profile, e.g. Input PL (for plate).
The measurement specifications for depth, breadth and length are only limited over the posi-tioning as desired (see Advanced posiposi-tioning of bent plates). They result from the picked geo-metry.
Finishing
input the finishing side or the finishing range:
Consider: As soon as the surface External side or Finishing range is inputted for the Fi-nishing, the possibility of the surface design (Profile surface) is given on the one hand. On the other hand in addition, you must later determine for the pick cycle (according to message) a point to mark the external side of the plate or two points for the finishing range.
Profile Surfaces
Open with the Profile Surfaces button the corresponding dialogue box.
Output of the profile surfaces in the selection title block.
Here in three different ways the bent plate can be given the internal and external surface cha-racteristics and values (colour, finishing, depth of the finishing and perforation):
1. Direct input of a "value" in the input field of the characteristict:
In the input fields next to the individual characteristics a value for the internal and/or external sides can be inputted directly. This value is assigned to the plate with the relevant posi-tioning, but is not included in the existing choice.
No finishing If you choose the option of no finishing, the bent plate is crea-ted without finishing. The settings in the Profile Surfaces dia-logue box are not taken into account.
An external side Use the option of an External side, in order to allocate one side of the bent plate with a finished side - an external side. If you have chosen the option then you must, after confirming the set-tings in the box with OK and picking from bent plate contour and position, additionally pick the side for the finishing.
Finishing Range With the Finishing range setting you can determine an area on the bent plate which is to be finished. You have to identify two points on the external side of the bent plate which limit the range, after determining the contour and the position of the plate Which procedure is used to create the range (whether the shortest con-nection between the two points or mathematically positive orien-tation - see also the chapter on edge parameters) is dependent on your setting under Extras / Settings / Drawing / Members / Edge Parameters. The mathematically positive setting is re-commended.
TS Pos. S tk. Profil Material Dicke Länge LFM Zuschnitt
1 1 1/1 BL1089*10 S 235JR G2 10.00 2500 2.50 1089
Farbe Beschichtung Dicke Perforation
Anmerkung F2/B
F1/A RAL 1005 Honiggelb S L [S chutzlack] 10 P4 VOL
R AL 1001 Beige S L [S chutzlack] 10 P4 VOL
Note: If no input takes place, i.e. you are choosing two points in the selection; the bent plate is assigned no characteristic. (this is also valid for the following variants!) 2. Choose a "value" by the selection:
Via the arrow left next to the input fields a selection can be opened for every characteristic (colour, finishing, depth of the finish and perforation) both for the internal and external side of the bent plate, in which you choose just as you need.
3. Select a "value" which is not available in the selection:
By clicking on the button of the individual characteristic an editor window is opened. Click here (or in the File / Open menu), in order to open a text file in which there are further values (e.g. further RAL-colours) [max. 80 characters per value and line] and in order to read these. This data can be limited or reduced and saved in a file.
Explanation of the "Shift Form" Tab
On the Shift form tab you can input whether you want a bent plate created in Long view or Side view. Depending on setting - long or side view - the appropriate options are offered:
For creation in side view...
For creation in side view the side surface of the bent plate is created here, where you pick the side surface determining contour points of the plate. Through this the position in the plane is clearly determined.
Length Input
You have two opportunities to establish the length of a bent plate in the side view
as follows With the setting as follows the Length option is at your disposal. i.e.
You input a value in mm in the associated input field in order to deter-mine the length.In this way the position of the bent plate in the depth is not yet determined. Therefore, for this variant you also get the DS
You input a value in mm in the associated input field in order to deter-mine the length.In this way the position of the bent plate in the depth is not yet determined. Therefore, for this variant you also get the DS