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In this section, some key organizations in the UK that have played a significant role in supporting the animation industry will be highlighted.

4.4.6.1 Britsh Film Institution

The British Film Institution (BFI), is a nonprofit organization that was founded in London by Royal Charter in 1933. This organization was established to support the moving image industry, which accepts animation films as one of its forms (Burrows, 1997). The BFI seeks to encourage the use of the moving image industry to document contemporary life and manners and to support and encourage education in the moving image industry by launching initiatives and running courses. Moreover, the BFI runs the London Film Festival every year, which is the largest UK film event; as well as screening films, the London Film Festival runs lectures and forums delivered by experts in the film industry. The BFI has the largest film archive in the world that contains both British and international materials (BFI, 2015).

4.4.6.2 Creative and Cultural Skills

Creative and Cultural Skills (CCSkills), is one of the Sector Skills Councils that was founded by the UK government in 2004. It aims to encourage the creative industry by improving the availability of skilled human resources in the creative and cultural industries. The rationale of this organization is to establish links between the industry, education, and government. To accomplish its aims, CCSkills set up The National Skills Academy for Creative & Cultural Industries in 2009. This academy is a network that links partners from education and industry, who work in collaboration to provide skills and training for the creative and cultural industries. In fact, The National Skills Academy for Creative & Cultural Industries launches several events yearly around the UK to present information and provide demonstrations for the creative and cultural industries, which offer an opportunity for those who seek to specialise in these fields. (CCSkills, 2015).

4.4.6.3 Channel 4

Channel 4 is a British public television broadcaster, which started to broadcast on November 2, 1982 (Kitson, 2008). There is no doubt that Channel 4 has a remarkable reputation for promoting British animation due to a commissioning strategy that has played a significant role in supporting the animation industry in the UK (Kitson, 2008). This strategy was focused on supporting unknown artists by commissioning them to produce animation to be broadcast (Norrise, 2012). In 1981, a year before launching Channel Four, Jeremy Isaacs, the Channel Four chief executive, attended the Cambridge Animation Festival, and he was interested in some participants’ short animation films. As a result, he tasked his commissioner editor, Pull Madden, with

broadcasted on the Channel 4 screen during its first year; Conversation Pieces and The Snowman were among these primary productions. This step by Channel 4 made it a national powerhouse for the animation industry (Kitson, 2008), and it has also collaborated with the Arts Council of England to launch The Animation Initiative.

This initiative aims to encourage the development of experimental animation for television, providing a high-profile platform for the animation industry in the UK.

4.4.6.4 The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)

The BBC is a British public broadcaster that was launched in 1922. The BBC now runs several television channels in the UK, including BBC One, BBC Two, BBC Three, BBC Four, BBC News, BBC Parliament, CBBC, and CBeebies (BBC, 2015).

The BBC is the most significant commissioner of indigenous media content (BBC Trust, 2013), overall, including animated content (Ofcom, 2013). In 2006, BBC launched the WOCC, the Window of Creative Competition initiative, to encourage local media production companies to produce media content such as live action and animation series. That initiative came after the launch of the child-oriented channels CBBC and CBeebies in 2002. CBBC targets children over six years old and CBeebies targets children in early childhood, under six years old (Steemers, 2010). CBBC and CBeebies were the first children-targeted channels owned by a British broadcaster (Steemers, 2010). The BBC department for children, which supervises all children’s programs for BBC channels, stated that around 40% of its commissions were from the local independent sector in 2006/2007 (Steemers, 2010). According to Voice of the Listener & Viewer reviews (2013), BBC children’s channels display high levels of UK content and they broadcast a large proportion of locally made television content;

overall, about 30% of their content is animation productions. The BBC has played a

significant role as a supporter of high quality, home-grown animation productions, as one of its public purposes is stimulating creativity and cultural excellence (BBC Trust, 2013). In addition, the BBC children’s channels support the local animation industry by limiting the amount of foreign animation content broadcast. CBBC and CBeebies broadcast 80% local children’s programmes, which includes animation programmes, while most rivals broadcast more than 75% non-local children programmes. The BBC strategy of working with a range of suppliers, both large and small leads to stimulation of creativity and cultural excellence in the local animation industry (BBC Trust, 2013).

4.4.6.5 Creative Skillset

Creative Skillset is a strategic organization that was established in 1992 by the UK government and industry as part of the Sector Skills Councils. It is an industry body that represents the creative media industries, which include film, television, radio, animation, visual effects, games, fashion, textiles, publishing, advertising, and marketing communications (Skillset, 2010). Creative Skillset aims to support talents and develop the creative industry in the UK due to the fact that the UK's creative industries make a significant contribution to the country’s economy. Creative Skillset’s function covers three key areas. Firstly, identifying problems where there is a scarcity in particular skills in order to request assistance from the government and related industries to solve the problem; secondly, working in collaboration with training providers and qualification development bodies such as universities and similar institutions to stimulate competition in the creative industries; and finally, providing individual who seek to enter the creative industry with information about the industry, prospective career opportunities, and ways to develop themselves in the

future to join the industry (Creative Skillset, 2014). Creative Skillset works with employers, key partners, and stakeholders to conduct research, and this is easy to access via regularly updated reports on its official website, where it also provides important information for individuals to guide them to find courses that fit with their skills. Creative Skillset has also contributed to the UK animation industry by setting up the Animation Skills Council, which has a responsibility to conduct in-depth research on the animation industry to find the gaps and identify shortages and weaknesses. The Animation Skills Council’s own research covers investigations into the workforce and existing training provision institutions. The findings of this research are used to develop a strategy for the animation sector and to deliver priorities and recommendations for animation industry stakeholders to ensure that the UK animation workforce and training provision are the best, securing growth for the industry.