CAPÍTULO 3. LEGITIMACIÓN DEL FRENTE NACIONAL (1958-1974) A TRAVÉS DE LA
3.2 La violencia directa en el Frente Nacional
ALBANIA Korce * 138,873 1,752 79 TOTAL 155,698 2,314 67 Sources: National statistical offices of FYROM, Albania NB: *Data does not exist at municipality level, see data on territorial units below Table 36. Territorial division of Korçë Count
District Municipality Cities Communes Villages
County KORÇË
Korçë Korçë, Maliq Korçë, Maliq 14 153v
Kolonjë Ersekë, Leskovik Ersekë, Leskovik 6 76
Devoll Bilisht Bilisht 4 44
Pogradec Pogradec Pogradec 7 72
Total number 4 6 6 31 345
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i. Physical / Environmental CapitalResen is one of 9 municipalities in the Pelagonija region, located in the Prespa valley in the south- western part of Macedonia. This municipality covers an area of 739 km2, out of which 562 km2 are land and the remaining 177 km2 or 19% are water area. The average altitude is for the Prespa Lake region is above 880 m, with peaks over 2600 m high. The soil in this area is favourable for fruit production. Apple production dominates and represents around 70% of the total fruit production in this region. In terms of climate, moderate Continental and Mediterranean climate prevails.
There are several national parks and protected areas in this region, such as: Pelister and Galicica as national parks; Erzani and Big City as protected natural areas and the Prespa Lake as natural monument. In this region caves, rafting spots, spa centres and geothermal waters do not exist. However, there is a well known hunting ground “Brajcino”. The region also has mine resources (i.e. copper in Evla, Petrino and Lavci mines, iron in Dolno Dupeni, Ljubojno, Krani, Bolno, Evla and Izbishte mines, and coal at Lavci mines).
ii. Infrastructure
The region is not easily accessible by car or bus. Although there is rail transportation, the closest rail station is in Bitola (50km). Similarly, the closest airport is in Ohrid on 55 km distance from the city of Resen. Generally speaking the density of roads along the border is poor. There is good electric coverage and water supply. The sewage network is good in the urban areas, but it is less developed in the rural areas. Additionally, the waste water networks are partially developed while there is no implemented system for process water networks. The irrigation system is also well developed with coverage of 263.26 km.
Although some touristic infrastructure exists, they are almost abandoned. The most famous are Asamati with 200 beds, Pretor with 400
beds, Krani with 200 beds and Otesevo which is under reconstruction. Otesevo is also known for the Centre for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of respiratory diseases which have 24 rooms and 72 beds. There are also three hotels and two motels in the municipality of Resen. Rural tourism is relatively developed in Stenje, Brajcino, Dolno Dupeni, Pretor and Ljubojno.
iii. Cultural Heritage
Considering that the old-Roman road ‘Via Ignatia’ is passing through this region, it is not surprising that there is rich cultural, archaeological and architectonic heritage. In the municipality of Resen there are 130 archaeological sites, 1000 archaeological exhibits, 500 coins and 450 exhibits of ethnological heritage. There are 95 churches and monastery complexes and 1024 icons, of which more famous are St. George in Kurbinovo dating since 1191, as well as Muslim building, the Hadzhiramadan mosque dating since1592.
From an architectural point of view there are several villages (Brajcino, Ljubojno, Dolno Dupeni, Konjsko) famous in this region. The building, Saraj, is a monument of culture built in the early XX century in which the Resen ceramics colony and the memorial museum art exhibition Keraca Visulceva are located.
Concerning local foods, the tradition in the area is focusing on both sweet and candies as well as confectionary. Fruit production (in particular apples) is a core food business in the area.
iv. Economic Capital
The Macedonian part of the Prespa Lake region is part of the administrative region of Pelagonia. The share of the Pelagonia region in the total GDP is around 12% which makes it second in the country with Skopje, the capital area, being the first.
There are no data available concerning the economic structure of the GDP but in local
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development strategy documents, the food industry including primary production and processing is categorized as the most important sector in this region. In this region the fruit production dominates, especially the production of apples (with typical varieties growing in the region). The food industry is also focused on the production of sweets and candies. There is relatively good access to the markets, i.e. the apples are mainly sold to the processors, as well as they are partly exported. The export is oriented towards Romania, Egypt, and Russia with scope for improvement. Tourism is also considered a sector of great potential in the area.
Other industries such as textile, plastic and aluminium profiles and furniture are present in the area. It is noteworthy that the employment rate is around 70% in the region, giving an indication of the lower share of subisistence farming in relation to the other regions of the area. Most of them (41.4%) are in services, around 40% in industry, 18% in agriculture and around 1% in other industries. Out of the 70% of employment, the majority are female employees (40.3%).
v. Social and Human Capital
Regarding the composition of the population, there are mainly Macedonians and Albanians in the area, as well as a strong Turk minority. The gender structure is in balanced. In Resen, the natural change is moderately negative (-1.4%)). The proportion of dependents is also moderate: 4 dependents for 10 active people, similar to the cross border areas with the best ratio in the region (Neretva, Drina Sava). However, the age ratio is low (0.75) and demonstrates an important ageing trend in the area. In this region there are no universities or other scientific institutes. The closest universities are in Bitola and Ohrid (around 50km away from Resen and 80km from Korce). There is also a low educational level.
In the municipality of Resen there are 70 registered associations and NGOs, out of which around 25 are more active. There are 5
associations and NGO’s dealing with agriculture, 5 with ecology and environmental protection, 3 are focused on presentation and promotion of culture and cultural heritage, while 2 on protection of cultural heritage. In addition there 4 associations and NGO’s dealing with tourism and 6 organizations are committed to protecting and promoting the rights of youth, civil society and human rights.
vi. Institutional Capital
EU funded cross-border cooperation programs have been carried out in the Prespa Lake region in recent years and these have mainly focused on environmental and social aspects such as:
• Enforcement of good neighbourly relations and mutual understanding regarding regional development
• Biodiversity conservation and enhancement
• Border lake protection
Beyond this experience, there are few institutions dealing with development issues. The Regional Centre of the National Extension Agency has a working unit in Resen. The closest regional Centres of the Chamber of Commerce are located in Bitola and Ohrid. There is also Centre for Development of Pelagonia Region as well as the Pelagonia Regional Development Agency (PREDA). The closest business incubators are located in Bitola.
Key Characteristics
• Favourable conditions for development of fruit production and food industry,
• The area around Prespa Lake is protected as a national park
• There are potentials for development of an alternative tourism based on the use of natural resources,
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• High emigration rate and ageing /depopulating trends
• There is a low awareness on the benefits from the business cooperation with the cross border cities.
Development opportunities:
• Increase the public awareness on
environmental protection measures.
• Opportunities to attract investments through development of partnerships and business clusters
Main feature of the PRESPA LAKE region
Considering the favourable geographic location, despite difficult accessibility, and the opportunities which the Prespa Lake offers in terms of tourism, as well as the strength of an active existing fruit production sector on the Macedonian side, this region has some potential for economic development and cross border cooperation. There are nonetheless real threats in the form of depopulation trends and the concentration of economic activity outside the
region and closer to capital cities. Although there is also a low level of awareness concerning the benefits of cross border business cooperation, specific environmental measures (protection of Prespa Lake and of autochthonous species) can shed light on the importance of coordinated action. Finally, infrastructure development can also be a common issue of relevance for the municipalities of the region.
5.3.7 The SKADAR LAKE Region
The selected area between Albania and Montenegro is positioned in South-Eastern Europe, close to the southern end of East shore of the Adriatic Sea. The Region is situated in south-eastern Montenegro in the Zeta-Shkoder valley, and in the north-west part of Albania, in the karst terrain of the south-eastern Dinaric Alps. Lake Skadar is the largest Balkan lake with a cross border catchment of 5,180 km² at 770 m above sea level. It is located only 20 km from the Adriatic Sea at the Montenegrin-Albanian border (separated by steep karst mountains). The Albanian Montenegrin border is around 220 km long, out of which 126 km are land borders, 22 km sea borders, 38 km lake borders and 8 km stream borders. (map 10)
Table 37. Main characteristics of the region
Municipalities Population Area km2 Number of
settlements Density increaseNatural
MONTENEGRO