CAPÍTULO 3. LEGITIMACIÓN DEL FRENTE NACIONAL (1958-1974) A TRAVÉS DE LA
3.1 La violencia estructural en el Frente Nacional
and into the Adriatic Sea. The rivers, which flow from the Sharr Mountains, are very fast and deep, and have narrow gaps, which often form canyons.
The soils in this area offer good conditions for agricultural production. The mountain regions have high percentage of quality pastures with plants.
There are several national parks, in particular the large Sar Planina national Park in Kosovo occupying nearly one fourth of the total area. There are also protected areas in this region, i.e. the municipality of Jegunovce is located in the first protection zone of the spring Rasce, providing most of the capital Skopje with drinking water. The mountain Sar Planina could also be protected in future as national park in FYROM.
There is a hunting ground at the mountain of Sar Planina, and fishing is also developed on some of the rivers.
ii. Infrastructure
The region is relatively difficult to access by car and not connected through other means. The railway transportation is not in function since 2001. The closest airport is in Skopje on more than 50 km distance. The few existing roads within the region are in a relatively good condition but they are badly connected to national roads.
In the region, there is a reasonable supply of water and electricity, but the sewage system is only partial in the Macedonian municipalities and absent in the rest of the area: therefore, all waste water is dump in river Lumbardh without being treated. There are also areas with old asbestos-cement pipes that need to be replaced. Telecommunication networks are little developed, and there are no radio and television local stations.
iii. Cultural Heritage
In the Sar Planina region there are some archaeological sites dating from the Stone Age,
few settlements since Roman times and complex of medieval churches. Some of them are in good condition and are in active use, while others need restoration. Prizren is the most important and most valuable ancient urban settlement in Kosovo UNSCR 1244, with several picturesque housing complex and winding alleys bordered by high white walls (Mahala - Potkaljaja, Pantelija, Maras, Potok and Terzi). Prizren costume, especially women is very colorful and totally atypical compared to other parts of the costumes from the Balkans. One of the characteristics of women’s costumes is Prizren pantaloons (dimije), which is a clear influence of Turkey.
In terms of local foods, the area does not seem to be particularly rich. Howver, in terms of dairy products, one specialty is well known: fresh Sar mountain cheese.
iv. Economic capital
Statistics on economic performance were not available at the municipal level for any of the three municipalities. Therefore, data has been obtained at the immediately higher administrative level.
The Macedonian region of Polog is one of the less developed regions of FYROM. GDP per capita in Polog also lags behind the national average (by approximately 43% of the national FYROM average). There are no data available for the structure of the GDP in terms of the level of activities it refer to.
The most important sector (as identified by local development strategy documents in the region) is agriculture. The primary production is mostly oriented towards the production of grains and vegetables, as well as wine in Prizren, but noteworthy is that considering the good potentials for pastures, the livestock production could be improved. Several small dairy plants are present in Prizren. The agriculture is highly charcaterised by a very fragmented structures and subsistence farming.
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In Prizren particularly, industrial sector (41 % of formal employment), wholesale and retail trade (24.6 %), services (20%) and construction (13.4 %) sectors are also important. Unemployment is very high (close to 20.000 persons decalred, 25% at least of the active population, not counting undeclared employment and the large share of population being involved in subsistence activities).
Tourism is not developed (in fact, no facilities could be found in the Macedonian part of the region)., but with the construction of the tourist village in Tearce, improvement is expected. Jegunovce has prepared a video (available on DVD) for promotion of rural and mountain tourism. There is an expectation that in Tearce weekend houses will be constructed and thus give the opportunity for more domestic and foreign guests to visit it.
The largest company in the region is JSC Vratnica, dealing with exploitation of high quality sand and stone of calcium carbonate. There are also some small and medium enterprises as well as family farms, traders, craftsmen and others. The number of firms on 1000 inhabitants is around 19.35 for the whole region of Polog.
v. Social and Human capital
Population density in the area is rather high (>100, despite the presence of several uninhabited mountains). On the FYROM side, the natural increase seems close to nil, and
despite absence of precise data, it seems the trends are slightly positive in Kosovo UNSCR 1244. Dependence is rather high on The FYROM side (around 50% of the undependent population), however smaller than in the Pcinja region or parts of the two previous coastal areas. In addition, the age ratio shows that a very large part of the dependent population is composed of young people. The gender structure is balanced.
The majority of population living in the Macedonian part of area is Macedonians and Albanians. The municipality of Prizren is principally populated of alva-banians (including a group (Gorani) speaking Macedonian) with a socially prominent and influential Turk minority (the Turkish language is widely spoken even by non-ethnic Turks) and other minorities such as Bosniaks and Romas. Only a small number of Serbs remains in Prizren and area, residing in small villages, enclaves, or protected housing complexes.
There are many cultural and artistic organizations in the region mainly devoted to support initiatives related to gender and multi- ethnicity. In this region there are no universities or other scientific institutes. The closest universities are in Tetovo and Skopje which are part of other region. Data from the Macedonian side of the region reflects the problematic situation of primary and secondary education. More than half of the population is without education or with primary education only. Situation seems to be similar on the Kosovo UNSCR 1244 side
JEGUNOVCE* TEARCE* Dependence ratio 0.52 0.49 Share of population 65+ 12.45% 8.72% Share of population up to 15 21.83% 24.29% Aging ratio 1.75 2.78 *Source: Census 2002