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Aydın Hasan, “Fransız Bakan Fuara Çağrılmadı [French Minister was not Called to the Fair],” Milliyet, November 17, 2006.
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Bülent Aydemir, “İsrail’den Kritik Gezi [Critical Visit from Israel],” Sabah, December 22, 2005.
Bülent Aydemir, “Statejik Ortağız, 10 Milyar Dolar Ticaret Komik Oluyor [We are Strategic Partners, $ 10 Million Trade Happens to be Ridiculous!],” Sabah, September 26, 2007.
C. Onur Ant, “Uighur Protest in Turkey against China,” The Boston Globe, April 3, 2008.
“China’s National Defense in 2002,” People’s Daily,
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“China’s National Defense in 2004,” People’s Daily,
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“China’s National Defense in 2006,” People’s Daily,
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Condoleezza Rice, “Remarks with Deputy Prime Minister Abdullah Gül after Their Meeting,” U.S. Department of State, July 5, 2006,
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Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi,
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1274.
Çağrı Bilgin, “Çinli Satıcıyı Ayağına İster [The Chinese Expects the Seller to be Present at His Door],” Radikal, April 4, 2007.
“Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti Müteahhitlik Hizmetleri Ülke Profili [People’s Republic of China, Contracting Services Country Profile],” TC Başbakanlık Dış Ticaret Müsteşarlığı [Republic of Turkey, Prime Ministry, Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade], September 2006,
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Cin-muteahhitlik-ulke-raporu.pdf.
“Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin Dünya Ticaret Örgütü’ne Üyeliğinin Getirdikleri
[Results of the Membership of the People’s Republic of China to World Trade Organization],” Türkiye Odalar ve Borsalar Birliği [The Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey],
http://www.tobb.org.tr/raporlar/TOBB-CinRaporu.pdf.
“Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti Ülke Bülteni Eylül 2007 [People’s Republic of China Country Bulletin, September 2007],” Dış Ekonomik İlişkiler Kurulu [Foreign Economic Relations Board],September 2007,
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David Lague, “China Allows U.S. Port Call in Hong Kong,” The New York Times, January 29, 2008.
“Defense and Intelligence Abbreviations and Acronyms,” Joint Military Intelligence College, November 1997,
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Deniz Zeyrek, “Hükümette Çin Çatlağı [Split in the Government about China],”
Radikal, April 13, 2000.
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Ercan Baysal, “Türkiye, Dünya Üçüncüsü Müteahhitlerini Alkışlıyor [Turkey is Applauding World’s Third Biggest Contractors of It],” Zaman, November 20, 2007.
Erkin Ekrem, “Türkiye-Çin İlişkisi: Dışişleri Bakanı Abdullah Gül’ün Çin Ziyareti [Turkey-China Relations: Visit of the Minister of Foreign Affairs Abdullah Gül to China],” Türksam, February 8, 2005,
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Evan S. Medeiros and Bates Gill, “Chinese Arms Exports: Policy, Players, and Process,” Strategic Studies Institute of the US Army War College, August 2000,
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USAK,
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Eyüp Ersoy, “Atilla Sandıklı: Türkiye ile Çin'in Dış Politika İlkeleri Örtüşüyor [Foreign Policy Principles of Turkey and China are Overlapping],” USAK, http://www.usakgundem.com/uamakale.php?id=299.
Francis Fukuyama, “The End of History,” The National Interest, (Summer 1989),
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Gareth Jennings, “JF-17 Production Commences,” Jane’s Air Forces News, January 24, 2008,
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Gareth Jenkins, “Turkish Chief of Staff Rules Out Trop Withdrawal from Cyprus,”
Eurasian Daily Monitor, Vol. 5, No. 60 (March 31, 2008), http://www.jamestown.org/edm/article.php?article_id=2372931.
Gareth M. Winrow, “Turkey’s Changing Regional Role and Its Implications.” Paper presented at the conference titled “Europeanization and Transformation:
Turkey in the Post-Helsinki Era,” Koç University, December 2005, http://ces.bilgi.edu.tr/docs/Kocwinrow2005.pdf.
Giray Sadik, “Turkey Considers Several Missile Defense Systems,” Eurasia Daily Monitor, Vol. 5, No. 87 (May 7, 2008),
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“Global Education Digest 2007: Comparing Education Statistics Across the Globe,”
UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2007,
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Guizeppe Anzera, “China’s ASAT Test and Its Impact on the United States,” PINR, January 29, 2007,
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“Güven ve İstikrar İçinde Durmak Yok Yola Devam [Never Stopping and Continuing Walking the Path in Trust and Stability],” Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, June 2007,
http://www.akparti.org.tr/beyanname.pdf.
Henry A. Kissinger, “Conflict is not an Option,” International Herald Tribune, June 9, 2005.
“International Security Assistance Force,” International Security Assistance Force, April 1, 2008,
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Jackie Lin, “Chinese Tourists Said to be Fueling Travel Price Rise,” Taipei Times, January 29, 2007.
Jean-Christophe Peuch, “Erdogan Courted in Beijing,” Asia Times, January 16, 2003.
Jeremy Page, “Warship’s Visit Signals Japan-China Breakthrough,” The Times, June 25, 2008.
Justin McCurry, “Chinese ‘Messenger of Peace’ Docks in Tokyo,” Guardian, November 28, 2007.
Katia Vlachos-Dengler, “Carry That Weight: Improving European Strategic Airlift Capabilities,” RAND, 2007,
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Kenneth W. Allen and Eric A. McVadon, “China’s Foreign Military Relations,”
Henry L. Stimson Center, No. 32 (October, 1999), http://www.stimson.org/china/pdf/chinmil.pdf.
Kristen Gunness, “China’s Military Diplomacy in an Era of Change,” Paper Prepared for the National Defense University Symposium on ‘China's Global
Activism: Implications for U.S. security Interests’, National Defense University, June 20, 2006,
http://www.ndu.edu/inss/symposia/pacific2006/Gunnesspaper.pdf.
Lale Sarıibrahimoğlu, “Turkey Boosting Its Defense Systems,” Today’s Zaman, March 9, 2008.
Leonid I. Polyakov, U.S.-Ukraine Military Relations and the Value of Interoperability (Pennsylvania: Strategic Studies Institute, 2004), http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB590.pdf.
Loro Horta, “Defense and Military Education: A Dimension of Chinese Power,”
PINR, September 29, 2006,
http://pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=562&language_id=1.
Mehmet Emin Batur, “İsa Yusuf Alptekin Parkı İlgi Bekliyor [Isa Yusuf Alptekin Park is Waiting Attention],” Erciyes Gazetesi, September 11, 2006.
Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of Turkey, “Defense White Paper 2000,”
http://merln.ndu.edu/whitepapers/Turkey_English2000.pdf.
Muharrem Sarıkaya, “Her Türke Bir Portakal Aldık [We Bought an Orange to Every Turk],” Sabah, July 30, 2006.
Nail Kızılkan, “Çin Gerçeği ve Çin’in Geleceği [The Reality of China and the Future of China], Milli Çözüm Dergisi, May 2005,
http://www.millicozum.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id
=578&Itemid=129.
Nikolai Sokov, “The Withdrawal of Russian Military Bases from Georgia: Not Solving Anything,” PONARS Policy Memo, No. 363 (June 2005), http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/pm_0363.pdf.
Nikolaos Raptopoulos, “Rediscovering its Arab Neighbors? The AKP Imprint on Turkish Foreign Policy in the Middle East,” Les Cahiers du RMES, Vol. 1, No. 1 (July 2004),
http://www.rmes.be/1-NR1.pdf.
Paul Lin, “Beijing's Search For Partners Poses Risks,” Association for Asian Research, October 23, 2003,
http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/1622.html.
Peter Brooks, “U.S.-Taiwan Defense Relations in the Bush Administration,”
Heritage Lectures, No. 808 (November 14, 2003),
http://www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/upload/52476_1.pdf.
Richard Komaiko, “China’s Decision to Deny U.S. Warships from Port of Hong Kong,” PINR, December 5, 2007,
http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=730&language_i d=1.
Richard Spencer, “Former Red Armies in War Games Challenge to America,” The Daily Telegraph, August 19, 2005.
Soner Çağaptay, “Secularism and Foreign Policy in Turkey: New Elections, Troubling Trends,” Policy Focus, No. 6, April 2007,
http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/download.php?file=PolicyFocus67.pdf.
Stelyo Berberakis, “Atina’dan İhraç Sözü [Promise from Athens to Expel],” Sabah, April 18, 2005.
Syed Fazl-e-Haider, “China Rises to Pakistan’s Defense,” Asia Times, July 11, 2007.
Takis Berberakis, “Yunanistan’da Türk Füzeleri Korkusu [Fear of Turkish Missiles in Greece],” Milliyet, July 15, 2008.
“The Confidence Building Measures Process between Turkey and Greece,” SIPRI, 2003,
http://www.sipri.org/contents/worldsec/nk/2000_2003_CBMs_Greece_Turke y.pdf.
The US Department of Defense, “Annual Report to Congress: Military Power of the People's Republic of China 2008,”
http://www.defenselink.mil/pubs/pdfs/China_Military_Report_08.pdf
.
Tom Parfitt, “Russia and China Rattle Sabres with Joint War Games,” Guardian, August 19, 2005.
“Türk Girişimcilerinin Çin Deneyimleri Paneli [Panel on the Experiences of Turkish Entrepreneurs in China],” Türkiye Odalar ve Borsalar Birliği [The Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey], July 14, 2004,
http://www.tobb.org.tr/yayinlar/cinpanelrapor/Cin%20Deneyimleri%.pdf.
“Türkiye-Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti Hükümetlerarası Karma Ekonomik Komisyon 15.
Dönem Toplantısı, [15th Session of Turkey-People’s Republic of China Intergovernmental Joint Economic Commission],” Asya Pasifik’te Gündem [Agenda in Asia-Pacific], No. 7 (August 6, 2007),
http://www.bahcesehir.edu.tr/UserFiles/bulten/Aspas_07.pdf.
“Türkiye’nin Onurlu Geleceği [Honorable Future of Turkey],” Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi,
http://www.mhp.org.tr/beyaname/secimbeyan2002.pdf.
Ufuk Şanlı, “Kartellerden Helikopterde Son ATAK [The Last ATTACK from the Cartels on the Helicopter],” Aksiyon, No. 617, October 2, 2006,
http://www.aksiyon.com.tr/detay.php?id=25471.
Uğur Gürses, “Doğu’dan Yükselen Çin-2 [China Rising from the East-2],” China Radio International, December 18, 2007,
http://turkish.cri.cn/281/2007/12/18/[email protected].
Uluslararası Doğrudan Yatırım Verileri Bülteni [Data Bulletin on International Direct Investment],” TC Başbakanlık Hazine Müsteşarlığı [Republic of Turkey, Prime Ministry, Undersecretariat of Treasury],
http://www.hazine.gov.tr/stat/yabser/AylikBulten_aralik2007.pdf.
“UNWTO World Tourism Barometer,” UNWTO, Vol. 5, No. 3 (October 2007), http://www.unwto.org/facts/eng/pdf/barometer/UNWTO_Barom07_3_en.pdf.
Wenran Jiang, “China Looks beyond Koizumi in its Japan Diplomacy,” China Brief, Vol. 6, No. 12 (June 7, 2006),
http://www.jamestown.org/china_brief/article.php?issue_id=3756 Yevgeny Bendersky and Erich Marquardt, “The Significance of Sino-Russian
Military Exercises,” PINR, September 14, 2005,
http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=366&language_i d=1.
Zdzislaw Lachowski, “Foreign Military Bases in Eurasia,” SIPRI Policy Paper, No.
18 (June 2007),
http://books.sipri.org/files/PP/SIPRIPP18.pdf.
DATABASES
International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database,
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2007/02/weodata/index.aspx.
National Bureau of Statistics of China, http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/.
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Arms Transfers Database, http://armstrade.sipri.org/.
The United Nations, Register of Conventional Arms,
http://disarmament.un.org/cab/register.html.
The World Bank, World Development Indicators,
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0,,con tentMDK:21725423~pagePK:64133150~piPK:64133175~theSitePK:239419, 00.html.
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, Başbakanlık Dış Ticaret Müsteşarlığı [The Republic of Turkey, Prime Ministry, Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade],
http://www.dtm.gov.tr/dtmweb/index.cfm.
Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [Turkish Statistical Institute], http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Start.do.
INTERVIEWS
Interview with Zheng Jinfa, Ankara representative of the state-owned Xinhua News Agency of China, in Ankara, June 31, 2007.
Interview with Colonel Atilla Sandıklı (Ret.), who is the former General Director of Turkish Asian Center for Strategic Studies (TASAM) located in Istanbul, in Ankara, July 14, 2007.
Interview with Major General Armağan Kuloğlu (Ret.), the Principal Advisor to Ankara-based Turkish think-tank Global Strategy Institute, in Ankara on July 24, 2007.
Interview with Brigadier General Nejat Eslen (Ret.) in Ankara, July 27, 2007.
Interview with Major General Rıza Küçükoğlu (Ret.), consultant at the Ankara-based Turkish think-tank Eurasian Center for Strategic Studies (ASAM), in Ankara, September 26, 2007.
Interview via telephone with Osman Erol, Beijing representative of Cihan News Agency, in Ankara, October 7, 2007.
Interview with David F. Helvey, Director for China, Taiwan and Mongolia, Office of Secretary of Defense, the US Department of Defense, in Ankara, May 12, 2008.
APPENDIX 1
List of the Main Bilateral Agreements between Turkey and China466
04 August 1971 Joint Declaration on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations 14 September 1972 Civil Air Transport Agreement (amended in December 1986) 16 July 1974 Trade Agreement
18 May 1981 Trade Protocol
19 December 1981 Agreement on Economic, Industrial and Technical Cooperation
11 January 1984 Protocol on Cooperation between the Turkish Radio and Television Administration (TRT) and the PRC Ministry of Radio and Television
04 June 1985 Protocol on Cooperation between Anatolian News Agency and Xinhua News Agency
26 April 1988 Cultural Exchange Program for 1988-1990 06 March 1989 Consular Agreement
24 December 1989 Agreement on Visa Exemption of Official Passports Holders 19 March 1990 Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Standardization 14 October 1990 Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Health
30 October 1990 Agreement on Cooperation in the Scientific and Technological Fields
13 November 1990 Agreement on Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of
466 “List of the Main Bilateral Agreements,” Embassy of the Republic of Turkey in Beijing, April 18, 2007, http://www.turkey.org.cn/news/news_view.asp?newsid=275.
Investments
09 May 1991 Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Tourism
28 September 1992 Agreement on Judicial Assistance in Civil, Commercial and Penal Matters
10 October 1992 Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Health 23 October 1992 Maritime Agreement
09 November 1993 Cultural Agreement
23 May 1995 Agreement on Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion With Respect to Taxes on Income
15 April 1997 Protocol on Cooperation on the Development of Water Resources
13 November 1997 Memorandum of Understanding on the Establishment of Political Consultation Mechanism Between the Ministries of Foreign Affairs
08 November 1998 Cultural Exchange Programme for 1998-2001
14 February 2000 Agreement on Cooperation in Combating Trans-National Crimes
4 April 2000 Agreement on Inspection Cooperation
19 April 2000 The Joint Communiqué signed on the occasion of the visit of H.E. Mr. Jiang Zemin to Turkey
19 April 2000 Framework Protocol on Cooperation in the Field of Energy 14 December 2001 Memorandum of Understanding on the Implementation Plan
for Organized Outbound Travel by Chinese Citizens to Turkey 18 March 2002 Cultural Exchange Programme for 2002-2005
16 April 2002 Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the Agricultural Field
16 April 2002 Agreement on Cooperation and Mutual Assistance in Custom Matters
16 April 2002 Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the Field of Information Technology
13 June 2002 Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the Fields
of Public Administration and Human Resources Development 27 June 2005 Protocol on the Establishment of the Consultation and
Cooperation Mechanism on Quality and Safety of Industrial Products
24 January 2006 Agreement on Cooperation in Animal Health and Quarantine
APPENDIX 2
Turkish Ambassadors to Beijing since 1990467
1. Osman Reşat ARIM 30.11.1990 - 01.06.1994
2. Berhan EKİNCİ 01.06.1994 - 01.10.1996
3. Ünal ÜNSAL 01.10.1996 - 16.11.1998
4. Daryal BATIBAY 17.11.1998 - 01.08.2000
5. Rafet AKGÜNAY 01.08.2000 - 01.12.2004
6. Oktay ÖZÜYE 01.12.2004 -
467 Source: Unit of Information Acquirement, Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
APPENDIX 3
Main Data on Bilateral Trade between Turkey and China from 1996 to 2000 (1.000 $)468
468 Source: “Ülkelere Göre İhracat,” and “Ülkelere Göre İthalat,” Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu.
Year Exports Imports Trade
Volume
Trade Deficit
Ratio (%) (Trade Deficit /
Trade Volume)
1996 65.115 556.492 621.607 -491.377 79,05
1997 44.375 787.457 831.832 -743.082 89,33
1998 38.447 846.134 884.581 -807.687 91,31
1999 36.649 894.813 931.462 -858.164 92,13
2000 96.010 1.344.731 1.440.741 -1.248.721 86,67
2001 199.373 925.620 1.124.993 -726.247 64,56
2002 268.229 1.368.317 1.636.546 -1.100.088 67,22 2003 504.626 2.610.298 3.114.924 -2.105.672 67,60 2004 391.585 4.476.077 4.867.662 -4.084.492 83,91 2005 549.764 6.885.400 7.435.164 -6.335.636 85,21 2006 693.038 9.669.110 10.362.148 -8.976.072 86,62
APPENDIX 4
The First Ten Countries in Turkish Foreign Trade (Million $)469
2001
Exports Imports
Rank Country Volume Portion
(%) Country Volume Portion
(%)
1 Germany 5.367 17,1 Germany 5.335 12,9
2 The U.S. 3.126 10,0 Italy 3.484 8,4
3 Italy 2.342 7,5 Russian Federation 3.436 8,3
4 England 2.175 6,9 The U.S. 3.261 7,9
5 France 1.895 6,0 France 2.284 5,5
6 Spain 950 3,0 England 1.914 4,6
7 Russian Federation 924 2,9 Japan 1.307 3,2
8 The Netherlands 892 2,8 Switzerland 1.227 3,0
9 N/A 851 2,7 Spain 1.066 2,6
10 Israel 805 2,6 Algeria 1.064 2,6
Total 19.328 61,7 Total 24.379 58,9
Total in General 31.342 100,0 Total in General 41.399 100,0
2006
Exports Imports
Rank Country Volume Portion
(%) Country Volume Portion
(%)
469 Source: Dış Ticaret Müsteşarlığı,
http://www.dtm.gov.tr/dtmweb/index.cfm?action=detayrk&yayinID=1116&icerikID=1225&dil=TR.
1 Germany 9.673 11,4 Russian Federation 17.493 12,8
2 England 6.811 8,0 Germany 14.554 10,6
3 Italy 6.748 7,9 China 9.553 7,0
4 The U.S. 4.995 5,9 Italy 8.568 6,3
5 France 4.602 5,4 France 6.601 4,8
6 Spain 3.679 4,3 The U.S. 5.920 4,3
7 Russian Federation 3.226 3,8 Iran 5.623 4,1
8 Iraq 2.567 3,0 England 5.081 3,7
9 The Netherlands 2.536 3,0 Switzerland 3.997 2,9
10 Romania 2.341 2,7 Spain 3.789 2,8
Total 47.178 55,4 Total 81.179 59,2
Total in General 85.141 100,0 Total in General 137.032 100,0
APPENDIX 5
Kasırga Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS)
APPENDIX 6
Yıldırım Short Range Ballistic Missile (SRBM)