2. Estado del arte y Marco Referencial
2.2. Marco Referencial
2.2.2. Maco conceptual
MADRID
BARCELONA
SEVILLE
THE WEATHER TODAY
It is sunny and hot in Seville. It is stormy in Barcelona. It is very cloudy in Madrid. It is raining in A Coruña and Bilbao.
EXTENSION
Name Date
Landscapes
A crater lake
My friend John sent me a postcard from the Philippines. He is visiting his grandparents there.
The postcard is a picture of Taal Lake. This is a big lake in Luzon, one of the Philippine Islands.
In the middle of Taal Lake, there is a volcano! It is known as Volcano Island. Inside its crater there is another lake, and in the middle, another island, called Vulcan Point. This is the most amazing landscape that I have ever seen! I wish I could fly to the Philippines and visit it!
1 Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
The postcard is a picture of Baikal Lake.
Taal Lake is in Taipur, one of the Philippine Islands. The island in Taal Lake is a volcano.
The island inside the volcano crater is called Vulcan Point.
2 What is an island? Tick (✓).
A piece of land that is completely surrounded by water. A piece of land that sticks out into the sea.
3 What is a lake? Tick (✓).
A body of fresh water or salt water surrounded by land. A piece of land completely surrounded by water.
EXTENSION
Name Date
Landscapes
1 Find eight words. Then, write.
m o u n t a i n p b l i g h t h o u s e p l a t e a u k l a z t u n n e l f g c x e v a l l e y h h c d d p o r t n u o v u m k j e r g d c i s l a n d u h n n
2 Read about the different types of landscapes and write the numbers.
1. This is a flat landscape. Sometimes there are low hills. There are also farms and crops. Villages and towns are connected by roads and railways.
2. This land is near the sea. There are beaches, cliffs and capes. There are also man-made features like ports and lighthouses.
3. This is a high land area. There are mountains, valleys and plateaus. The roads are winding and narrow, with tunnels.
EXTENSION
Name Date
The Universe
Europa: Jupiter’s moon
Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. It is much bigger than the Earth. It has got 67 moons.
One of the moons of Jupiter is called Europa. Europa is not like the Earth’s Moon. It is much smaller. It hasn’t got many craters, nor many mountains.
Europa looks white because it is covered with a thick layer of ice. The surface has got reddish lines and patches. These are deep cracks in the ice.
Underneath the ice, there is an ocean. This
ocean covers the entire surface of Europa. That is why we call it the watery moon!
1 Read the text. Then, match.
Jupiter Moon Europa Earth
2 Write T (true) or F (false).
Europa is smaller than the Earth. Jupiter is much bigger than the Earth.
The Earth has got three satellites and Jupiter has got thirteen. A thick layer of ice covers Jupiter’s surface.
Planets
EXTENSION
Name Date
The Universe
1 Read. Then, complete the sentence.
A satellite moves around a planet. A star gives out light and heat. A planet moves around a star.
The Sun is a , the Earth is a and the Moon is a
2 Look at the solar system and complete the sentences.
Mercury is the to the Sun. The is the only planet with life.
Jupiter is the planet in our solar system.
Saturn is surrounded by made of rocks and ice. is the furthest planet from the Sun.
is between Neptune and Saturn. From Earth looks like a star. Mars is called the Planet.
Neptune Uranus Earth Mercury Sun Venus Mars Jupiter Saturn
EXTENSION
Name Date
The Earth
Antarctica: a frozen continent
Antarctica is the coldest continent on our planet.
It is bigger than Europe. Its surface is almost completely covered with a thick layer of ice. In winter, the
surrounding seas freeze. Nobody lives there permanently. The temperatures
are very low. It is too cold for most living things, but penguins, seals and whales live there.
The South Pole is the southernmost point on Earth and it is in Antarctica. Amudsen, a Norwegian explorer, and his team were the first people to travel to the South Pole, in 1912.
1 Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
Antarctica is the coldest continent on Earth. Antarctica is smaller than Europe.
Nobody lives there permanently. Amudsen was a Norwegian scientist.
Amudsen and his team were the first people to travel to the South Pole. Penguins, seals and whales live there.
2 Antarctica is home to three types of penguins. Search the Internet for
pictures of the Adélie Penguin, Chinstrap Penguin and Emperor Penguin and stick them in your notebook.
EXTENSION
Name Date
The Earth
1 Read and complete the text.
atmosphere planet globes rocks continents maps land oceans
T™æ E”art™ ifi å
i> t™æ sola® sys†eµ.
T™æ surfa©æ o£ t™æ E”art™ ifi co√±®e∂ wit™ wa†e®
an∂
. T™æ
ifi
t™æ la¥e® o£ ai® tha† surroundfi t™æ E”art™.
T™æ
a®æ lar@æ a®eafi o£ lan∂
an∂ a®æ ma∂æ o£
. T™æ
a®æ √±r¥ lar@æ a®eafi o£ sal†
wa†e®. To ®ep®eßen† t™æ E”art™ ∑¶ ußæ
an∂
.
2 What is the way to
Lynn’s home? Use the compass rose to give directions. Complete.
EXTENSION
Name Date
Time passes
Clepsydras: water clocks
In the past, there were no clocks or watches like we know today.
To tell the time, people used sundials. Sundials use the position of the Sun to measure time. However, at night, there was no Sun in the sky. The first water clock was found in the tomb of a pharaoh in Egypt but we don’t know who invented it.
Water clocks used the flow of water to measure time. They consisted of two stone pots placed at different levels. The pot at the top was filled
with water. The water slowly dripped through a small hole into the lower pot. The times were marked on the inside of this pot. In this way people could tell the time by the water level in the lower pot.
1 Answer the questions.
What did a sundial use to measure time? Could you use a sundial at night?
What did a water clock use to measure time? Do we know who invented the first water clock?
2 Write the names of these ancient clocks.
EXTENSION
Name Date
Time passes
1 Read the text on the previous page again and correct the false sentences.
People used sundials at night and water clocks during the day.
Water clocks used the flow of air to measure time.
Water clocks were used to calculate the weeks only.
2 Label the pictures. Then, circle the objects that people used to communicate
in the past.
EXTENSION
Name Date
Our country
Álvaro and his city
Ceuta is a small peninsula in the north of Africa, across the Strait of Gibraltar. It is by the Mediterranean Sea. Álvaro is 7-year-old and lives there.
Álvaro loves his city. Most of all, he likes the sea and its beautiful blue colour.
Some of his friends live in Morocco. Morocco borders with Ceuta. He sometimes visits them at the weekends.
Other weekends Álvaro and his parents take the ferry across the Strait
of Gibraltar to visit his cousins in the Iberian Peninsula. They live in Granada. It’s really fun to travel by boat!
1 Look at the pictures. Which one is Ceuta? Tick (✓).
2 What are the two places that border Ceuta? Colour.
Morocco
Melilla Mediterranean Sea Spain
3 What does Álvaro like most about Ceuta?
4 What other autonomous city borders with Morocco and the Mediterranean
Sea? Unscramble and write.
EXTENSION
Name Date
Our country
1 Look and colour.
red Community of Madrid blue Andalusia
green Catalonia orange Galicia
2 Read and guess. Then, write.
A country that borders with Spain to the west. P A mountain range that borders with France. T
P
An autonomous community in the Atlantic Ocean. C I
An autonomous community with two provinces. It borders with Portugal. E
The continent to the south of Spain. A
Name Date
Where we live
ASSESSMENT
1 Write sentences about villages and cities. Use the words in brackets.
(inhabitants) (buildings) (streets) (traffic)
2 Read and write the numbers and jobs.
1. police officer 2. gardener 3. street cleaner
3 Write T (true) or F (false).
Every village and city has got a local council. Police officers organize public services.
The local council is made up of the councillors and the mayor. The members of the local council work in the town hall.
I take care of plants in parks.
I keep the city clean. My work is to keep
Name Date
Where we live
ASSESSMENT
1 What do they do? Match.
2 Where do local councillors work? Colour.
3 Are you a good neighbour? Tick (
✓
).I use the rubbish bins. I shout in the streets. I respect traffic signs. I look after public spaces.
I play football on the pavement. public workers
mayor and councillors
They do jobs for the community.
They organize public services.
local council town hall
police station library
Name Date
ASSESSMENT
Jobs
1 Match the raw material to the manufactured product.
2 Put the pictures in order. Write 1, 2 and 3.
3 Read and complete the sentences.
Fis™erµe> go to ßeå to catc™
an∂
.
Wæ @e†
an∂
froµ chic§e>.
A ba§e® ma§efi
an∂ å carπen†e®
ma§efi
.
Farµerfi grow
to @e†
,
Name Date
ASSESSMENT
Jobs
1 Write the words.
customer shop assistant product money
2 Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentence.
In the primary sector people work in nature.
Craft workers use their hands or simple machines to work. Jobs that help other people are services.
The people who buy in a shop are shop assistants.
3 Unscramble the words and complete.
psohsrkwo redutcfanuma wra sierfaoct
Factory workers work in and craft workers work in . They transform
Name Date
ASSESSMENT
Travel and communication
1 Classify the types of transport.
travel on water travel on land travel in the air
2 Who are the seats reserved for on public transport? Write.
1. π an∂ ©
2. π w
3. æ π
4. ∂
3 Circle the people who are not respecting the road safety rules. Then, write
what they are doing wrong.
Name Date
ASSESSMENT
Travel and communication
1 Write the numbers of the types of communication.
1. radio 3. billboard 5. television 7. letter 2. computer 4. telephone 6. magazine
Now, colour the names of the types of communication that are used for advertisements.
2 Tick (✓) the true statements. Then, correct the false one.
New technologies help to make communication easier and more efficient. The Internet is a global computer network.
We don’t need the Internet to send an email. Billboards are used for advertisements.
ASSESSMENT
Name Date
Water and air
1 Look and write the three states of water.
2 How does the water change state? Complete the sentences.
steam solid gaseous ice
W™e> yo¤ f®æeΩæ liqui∂ wa†e®, i† chan@efi into
. Thifi ifi å
sta†æ.
W™e> yo¤ ™ea† wa†e®, i† chan@efi into
.
Thifi ifi å
sta†æ.
3 Put the stages of the water cycle in order. Write 1, 2, 3 and 4.
The Sun heats the water in the sea and rivers. It evaporates into water vapour and goes into the air.
When it rains or snows, the water goes back into the rivers and the sea.
Water vapour in the air cools and forms clouds in the sky.
ASSESSMENT
Name Date
Water and air
1 Look and match.
salt water fresh water
Which water can we drink?
2 What do you use water for? Write.
3 Tick (✓) the true statements. Then, correct the false ones.
Air is visible.
Air is everywhere.
Air is a mixture of different gases.
Air has a fixed shape.
We cannot touch air.
ASSESSMENT
Name Date
The weather
1 Unscramble the sentence and write.
wind / Temperature, / is / like / and / what / tell / us / rain / weather / the
2 What are these weather instruments called? How do they help us? Match.
It measures the amount of rain.
It measures the
temperature of the air.
It shows the direction of the wind.
It measures the speed of the wind.
3 Read and circle the correct words.
Climate / Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a particular
time and place.
The weather in a particular place over a long period of time is the climate / weather.
anemometer
rain gauge thermometer weather vane
ASSESSMENT
Name Date
The weather
1 What is the climate like in these areas? Complete the texts.
rains cold hot mild snows low In mountain areas, the climate is
because the air temperature is . It a lot.
In coastal areas, the climate is . The temperature is neither too
nor too cold. It usually a lot.
2 Look at the picture and
tick (✓) the climate. Mountain climate.
Inland climate.
Coastal climate.
3 Write T (true) or F (false).
In coastal areas, the climate is mild.
Climate is the weather in a particular place over a long period of time. A weather vain measures the temperature of the air.
Precipitation is water that falls to Earth. A breeze is very strong wind.
ASSESSMENT
Name Date
Landscapes
1 Classify the landscape words.
valley island plateau cliff lighthouse woods cape hill
inland landscape features
coastal landscape features
2 Look and write.
plateau valley mountain range hill
3 Write T (true) or F (false).
Mountains are areas of high land.
A cape is a natural feature of an inland landscape. A plateau is a high, flat plain.
There are farms and lighthouses on the plains. Many people live on the coast.
ASSESSMENT
Name Date
Landscapes
1 Write the features of this landscape. Then, circle the correct word.
We find these features in coastal / inland landscapes.
2 Read and circle the correct words.
All rivers begin in the mountains / sea. The route a river takes is called the mouth /
course.
In the mountains, rivers are narrow / wide and they flow slowly / fast. On the plains, rivers carry a lot of / little water. The course is full of pebbles / bends, called meanders. Rivers meet the sea at the mouth / cliffs. Here, rivers are wide / narrow and they flow
fast / slowly.
A river that flows into another river is called a meander / tributary.
ASSESSMENT
Name Date
The Universe
1 Read and tick (✓) the correct option.
Stars…
give out light and heat. don’t give out light and heat. Planets…
move around a star. move around a satellite. Satellites…
move around a star. move around a planet. The Earth is…
a star. a planet. a satellite.
2 Look and write.
Planets in the solar system
ASSESSMENT
Name Date
The Universe
1 Think and match.
a year the Earth spins round the seasons 24 hours the Earth moves around the Sun day and night
2 Complete the text.
sunset midday night sunrise
The day begins at and finishes at . It is on the side facing away from the Sun. When the Sun is at its highest, it is .
3 Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentence.
The Moon is the Earth’s natural satellite. The seas on the Moon are full of salt water.
There are craters and seas on the Moon’s surface. The Moon receives light from the Sun.
4 Draw the phases of the Moon.
ASSESSMENT
Name Date
The Earth
1 Label the picture. Then, complete the sentences.