MAPA DE SONIDO

4.1. Funding arrangements by sector

As it was mentioned before, as the result of the special characteristics of the Hungarian system and the information available, the lifelong learning scene can be discussed based on the following division:

• Secondary education

• Higher education

• Adult education

• adult education within the school system

• secondary education

• higher education

• training out of the school system – labour market training

4.1.1. Secondary education

The Law of Public Education states that the operation of the public education system is a duty for the state. The state provides free and compulsory education involving:

• The operational activity of state organs and local self-governments, and

• The local self-government’s duties70

The Law of Public Education states that the state has to provide legal basis for the establishment of non-public or non-municipal related kindergartens, schools and dormitories.

Kindergartens, schools, dormitories, pedagogical institutions can be established and maintained by church legal entities, economic organisations, foundations, unions and other legal entities, and natural persons – besides the state, the local and minority self-government.

The state and the municipality provide financial support for the non-public or non-municipal education institutions in the proportion these institutions overtake state or self-government tasks with an agreement based on the law. As a part of the agreement, the education in these institutions becomes free for the student71

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70 _{As the Law of Public Education states: It is compulsory for the local self-government to provide kindergarten and primary} school education. – The self-government of the county is responsible for secondary, specialised and adult education and basic art training. – The state has a direct role in doing the duties of public education with founding institutions and making contracts with the maintainers of non-public institutions and ones not founded by the self-governments.

The Law of Municipalities regulates the tasks to be done by local municipalities and prescribes municipalities have to provide primary education; it also gives a chance for the municipalities to define the way of fulfilling the task based on the demands of the citizens and the financial situation of the self-government. The possibilities are: maintaining the institution individually, cooperate with other self-governments and maintain a common institution, or make a contract with an organisation of human service to provide education on the basis of the public education agreement.

Besides, the Law of Public Education makes it possible for the municipalities to cede some tasks – secondary and specialised education, and dormitory service – but the law prescribes for the county self-governments the take-over of such tasks.

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In fact, all private education institutions receive the public education norms defined in the central budget based on their student number. Besides, they can receive so-called additional support if they make a public education agreement with the local self-

The resources of the financing of public education

The resources of the budget of public education institutions are the following:

1. Support from the maintainer whose resources are: The normative support given by the public budget

According to the Law of Public Education, the sum of the contribution of the public budget to the tasks of the public education has to be defined in the yearly budget, - the budget contribution has to provide the wages and bonuses of the teachers and other civil servants in order to maintain the service required by the norms of the appendix of the budget. This budget contribution is received by local self-governments, state bodies of public education, and other maintainers of public education defined in the public education agreement. The budget also has to define the amount of the support of textbook-purchase-support to be given to the school maintainer in proportion with the student number.

The normative support is a per student public support given uniformly, independently of the maintainers – but is differentiated on the basis of education levels and age groups. The maintainers receive the normative support as restriction-free support.

The Law of Public Education prescribes that the amount of the public support from the budget has to provide the wages and bonuses of teachers and other civil servants necessary for the basic institutional service (following the norms in the appendix of the Law).

Aimed and selective support from the public budget

Support types with a set usage aim given to the school maintainers for defined investments, developments, or other activities and special support.

This category includes basically all support given through the budget of the responsible ministries whose aim is to contribute to the building of gymnasium, to support schools of minor settlements, to support study competitions and the advanced training of teachers, to provide support for the textbook-purchase of the students and to improve the information science used in public education, etc.

The contribution of the maintainer itself

In the case of self-governments, ceded or own tax incomes, duties, fines, incomes from real estate sales, public support for other purposes, etc. are the resources of contribution, - in the case of other maintainers they are the resources of the maintaining foundation or organisation.

2. Support gained from separated public funds (mainly from the Fund for Vocational Training)

Schools of vocational training can apply for resources for the improvement of vocational training from the Fund for Vocational Training.

government or the Ministry of Culture and Education - (this public education agreement states that they perform state or self- government tasks).

The Fund is formed from the compulsory payments of the organisations in proportion with their wage costs for the improvement of the conditions of vocational training. 80% of the fund (in proportion with the student number) is divided in a decentralised way based on the decisions of the county labour councils and that of the capital. 20% of it is centralised. The use of the amount is carried out through tender in which economic organisations (also other employers) and secondary vocational institutions can take part with the aim of creating and extending training facilities, and developing objective conditions.

3. Other support

Support received from a source other than the maintaining foundation, person or economic body not included in the above mentioned category.

4. The fee for the services used by the students

Compulsory fees (in schools of the self-government and the state): the fees of second or any further vocational training; the 11th grade; day-care and study room in vocational school courses; second year repetition and second repeat and supplementary examinations; activities outside the classroom not listed in the Law and catering (based on separate regulations). It is 3-50% of the per student expenditures.

Tuition fees (in schools of the municipality and the state) can be collected for the following: education and service based on enterprise, not connected to local education programmes; from the 11th grade; the third year repetition and examination in vocational school courses. It is not more than 100% of the current student expenditures per student, it regulation is set by the school board or the teaching staff.

5. Other incomes of the institutions

The public education institutions perform their tasks on the basis of the amount supplied by the founding or maintaining body and their other own incomes. The public education institution can do activities for the profit of tangible assets, and – if it uses the profit for its basic tasks or the prizing of the students – the profit can be excluded from the budget, the institution can not deprived of the amount.