Marco Contextual

F Feemmaallee 877310 _ 0060-0067.qxd 4/8/08 14:27 Página 64

65

쮿 EESSSSEENNTTIIAALL NNAATTUURRAALL SSCCIIEENNCCEE 11쮿 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2008 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L. 쮿

THE PLANT AND FUNGI KINGDOMS

WORKSHEET 4

6

NAME: CLASS: DATE:

W

Woorrkk iinn ppaaiirrss.. TTaakkee ttuurrnnss ttoo rreeaadd.. TThheenn ccllaassssiiffyy tthhee sseenntteenncceess aanndd wwrriittee tthhee nnuummbbeerrss..

1 1

D

Drraaww aa ssiimmppllee ddiiaaggrraamm ttoo eexxppllaaiinn ppllaanntt nnuuttrriittiioonn..

2 2

_ _____ // 2200 1

1.. Plants have three main organs: leaves,

stems and roots.

2

2.. Mosses belong to this group. 3

3.. They reproduce by spores which are

dispersed by the wind.

4

4.. They grow seeds in order to reproduce. 5

5.. These keep the plant upright and conduct

nutrients from the roots to the leaves.

6

6.. Raw sap is transformed in the leaves into

elaborated sap through photosynthesis.

7

7.. Angiosperms are deciduous and have

brightly coloured flowers.

8

8.. The stem of the fern, which grows horizontally

in the ground, is called a rhizome.

9

9.. When mineral salts dissolve in the water

absorbed by plant roots, raw sap is produced.

1

100.. Oxygen goes into the leaves as excess water is

expelled through the stomata as water vapour.

1

111.. Gymnosperms have small, insignificant

flowers grouped together into inflorescences.

1

122.. The function of plant roots is to fix the plant

to the ground and absorb water and minerals.

N

Noonn--fflloowweerriinngg ppllaannttss

2

F

Flloowweerriinngg ppllaannttss

F

Fuunnccttiioonnss ooff rroooottss,, sstteemmss aanndd lleeaavveess

P

Pllaanntt nnuuttrriittiioonn 877310 _ 0060-0067.qxd 4/8/08 14:27 Página 65

THE PLANT AND FUNGI KINGDOMS

WORKSHEET 5

6

NAME: CLASS: DATE:

_ _____ // 1155 F

Fiinndd wwoorrddss iinn tthhee tteexxtt wwhhiicchh mmeeaann tthhee ffoolllloowwiinngg:: 1

1.. possibilities: 2

2.. reach: 3

3.. not easily noticed: 4

4.. call: 5

5.. face your enemies: 6

6.. poisonous:

T

Trruuee oorr FFaallssee?? WWrriittee T oorr F.. TThheenn,, cciirrccllee tthhee mmiissttaakkeess.. 1

1.. Many plants need to defend themselves against herbivores. 2

2.. Some plants grow close to herbivores so they can be eaten more easily. 3

3.. Acacia trees support ants as a protection against larger herbivores. 4

4.. Some plants produce lethal poisons to protect themselves. 5

5.. Roses and cacti are attractive to herbivores.

IInnvveessttiiggaattee aanndd ffiinndd tthhee nnaammeess ooff ssoommee ppooiissoonnoouuss ppllaannttss..

3 3 2 2 1 1 Plant warfare

Imagine you are a plant. How can you keep hungry herbivores away? You can’t escape. There is no place for you to hide. What strategies can you develop to save yourself?

You have several options. You can decide to avoid herbivores completely, by growing in places which they can’t access. For example, elephants will not eat you if you decide to grow on high mountains. You can also trick your enemies into eating non-essential parts of you. So if you need flowers for

reproduction, you can produce small, inconspicuous ones. Or you can make sure your leaves are so difficult to digest that the herbivores won’t bother.

You can also summon the enemies of your enemies to your aid. Give food and shelter to colonies of ants, as some acacia trees do. Since giraffes and antelopes do not enjoy chewing ants, so they will leave you alone! All you need to do is to produce a bit of nectar for your ‘soldiers’.

Finally, you can confront your enemies by using poison. Some of the most noxious substances come from plants. You can also grow thorns and sharp spines, like rose bushes and cacti do, or cover your leaves with hairs in order to irritate herbivore mouths.

As you can see, you will be able to survive, although you will need some time to set up your strategy – say a few hundred thousand years!

67

쮿 EESSSSEENNTTIIAALL NNAATTUURRAALL SSCCIIEENNCCEE 11쮿 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2008 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L. 쮿

THE PLANT AND FUNGI KINGDOMS

TEST 6

6

NAME: CLASS: DATE:

C

Ciirrccllee tthhee ccoorrrreecctt aannsswweerr.. 1

1.. Plant cells are surrounded by (a) a cellulose wall (b) membranes (c) organelles. 2

2.. Ferns are (a) non-vascular plants (b) vascular plants (c) flowering plants. 3

3.. Instead of leaves, mosses have small laminas called (a) rhizomes (b) sorus (c) phyllodes. 4

4.. Most gymnosperms are (a) evergreens (b) non-flowering (c) deciduous. 5

5.. During photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide through the (a) leaves (b) roots (c) flowers. 6

6.. Leaves and branches are joined to the stem at (a) internodes (b) apical buds (c) nodes. 7

7.. There are main roots and secondary roots. Each root ends in (a) capsules (b) root caps (c) hyphane. 8

8.. After fertilisation, the ovary of a flower (a) dries up (b) falls off the plant (c) changes into the fruit. 9

9.. The energy needed for photosynthesis is provided by (a) elaborated sap (b) sunlight (c) raw sap. 1

100.. There are two types of heterotrophic fungi: saphrotrophs and (a) parasites (b) eukaryotes

(c) mycelium.

R

Reeaadd tthhee tteexxtt aanndd aannsswweerr tthhee qquueessttiioonnss..

1

1.. What is the difference between permanent and temporary reactions?

2

2.. Describe one temporary and one permanent reaction in plants.

3

3.. What kind of music do plants prefer?

2 2 1 1 _ _____ // 1155 Plant reactions

There are two types of plant reaction: permanent – related to growth and temporary – caused by stimuli in the habitat. For example, if you place a plant horizontally, the stem will grow and curve towards the light and the roots will grow down into the soil. This is a permanent reaction.

In temporary reactions, the plant returns to its initial state when the stimulus stops. For example, the stems, leaves and flowers of sunflowers turn with the Sun as it moves across the sky.

Plants also react to classical music: they open their leaves and flowers and bend towards the source of the music. They grow much faster if music is played to them every day. However, they do not like rock music, and absolutely hate heavy metal! They will bend away from this type of music, and if it does not stop, they usually die within two weeks.