Modelos de selección del estímulo

Based on the insights gained from the first study and the users’ suggestions (Sec- tion 6.2), a revised version of the initial user interface features pool was created including features relating to the reading layer such as a breakdown of news story presentation in different levels with different visualisation. Table 6.3 presents the revised features pool, while Table 6.4 explains the newly introduced reading-related features. All revised designs are depicted in Figures 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8.

The features (1-3) refer particularly to the three different layout organisations of the news headlines, whereas the features (4-13) refer to different ways of pre- senting a news story. The Trackers layout organisation remained the same as it was successful during the evaluation in Phase I, whereas the Reviewers layout restored

S/N UI Feature Name Description

1 Tracker_Layout

News headlines organisation in which the nine most recent stories are visible in one page

without the need to scroll left or right to browse all the stories within a category. The

categories can be browsed horizontally

2 Reviewer_Layout

News headlines organisation in which stories are organised in rows of thumbnails. News

categories can be browsed vertically and stories horizontally. Each category has a button next to the heading that opens a popup window in which all stories of that category are visible.

3 Dipper

Layout

News headlines organisation in which news stories are presented in an accordion of categories. The categories can be browsed by tapping on a category or scrolling up or down

from other categories.

4 Tracked Articles

A top static area in the news headlines organisation in which the latest six stories that have been followed or have updates during the

day are presented.

5 Paragraph Summary Story’s summary in a paragraph. 6 Bullet Point Summary Story’s summary in a bullet point list. 7 Highlighted Terms &

Keywords

It highlights the important terms, names, and entities of a story to mark their significance. 8 Colour Gradient Text Colour gradient on the story’s text to guide the

reader’s eyes from one line to the next.

9

Accordion Background Information

It displays the important terms, names, and entities of a story in an accordion in which the

reader can tap to reveal further information about a particular term/name/entity. 10 WordCloud It presents the important terms, names, and

entities of a story as a wordcloud. 11 Related Articles

Articles with the same topic/theme at the end of a story. External APIs were used from

Mashape (Mashape, 2016) 12 Search Box Search functionality at the top of a news

headlines organisation.

13 Push Notifications Receive updates in news stories of interest.

6.3. Controlled Laboratory Study II 135 News Reader Type Level 1 (Overview) Level 2 (Richer Content) Level 3 (Links to full story)

Trackers

• Screen divided into two sections (F5) • Top section consists

of the article’s sum- mary

• Bottom section shows article’s updates (if any)

• Original article dis- played using colour gradient (F8)

• Original article

Reviewers

• Original text (ex- tract important en- tities and highlight them) (F7)

• More info about the important en- tities shown in the previous level (F9) • Any other back-

ground info that would help the reader (F8)

• Related articles (F11)

Dippers

• Wordcloud of im- portant terms and entities (F10)

• Bullet point sum-

mary (F6) • Original article

Table 6.4: Reading level features (F# indicates the number of the feature from Table 6.3).

the horizontal rows of thumbnails and the Dippers layout introduced an accordion style organisation for presenting news headlines. With respect to reading layer fea- tures (F4-13), we adopted the idea of a three-levels of depth story breakdown in which each level utilised different visualisations to present the content. This idea was originally introduced in the Elastic News project (BBC RD, 2014) wherein the aim was to provide more content as the user progressed to the story. We turned this idea into different visualisations as the user progressed through in the different layers. Table 6.4 summarises the reading layer features.

Figure 6.5: News headlines layout organisations - TrackersLayout, ReviwersLayout, Dip- persLayout (from left to right).

informed about the latest stories and any updates of stories they follow. In the first layer, we introduce a split window where they get the story’s gist in the top area and story’s updates as a list in the bottom area. In the second layer, the story’s text is the same as the third layer (i.e. the original story’s text) except colour gradient is being used. We took inspiration from BeeLine Reader (Reader, 2016), which uses colour gradient to guide the eyes from the end of one line to the beginning of the next. By doing so, it claims to help users read faster and with less eyestrain. We expect this to be a suitable feature for skimmers. In the third layer, we keep the original article in case Trackers want to read the article in more depth.

Reviewers are people who like to read in-depth and catch up on the day’s news. They spend time going through all stories of interest and like being informed on a variety of topics. In the first layer, we extract the important entities and terms and highlight them in order to show the important parts of the stories that aid better un- derstanding. In the second layer, we provide more information about the important entities that were previously extracted. We also present any other background infor- mation related to the story that would help the reader (e.g. Wikipedia links). In the third layer, we list all the related articles to the story in order to help them enhance

6.3. Controlled Laboratory Study II 137

Figure 6.6: Trackers reading layer features

Figure 6.7: Reviewers reading layer features.

their knowledge.

Dippers are people with casual interest in news. They browse particular sec- tions to find stories and look for specific facts or pieces of information without reading everything. In the first layer, we extract the main terms and entities and create a Wordcloud. We expect such visualisation to help them get an overview of the story as the individual words in the cloud will cue relevant facts. In the second

Figure 6.8: Dippers reading layer features.

layer, we present the article’s summary in the form of bullet points. In the third layer, similar to the Trackers reading interface we provide the original article in case they want the article in more depth.