Son obligaciones de los trabajadores: a Cotizar por la aportación correspondiente

D.K.A. Wisdom1_{, K.A.K. Moldenhauer}1_{, X. Sha}1_{, J.T. Hardke}2_{, Y.A. Wamishe}3_,

M.M. Blocker1_{, D.L. McCarty}1_{, C.H. Northcutt}1_{, V.A. Boyett}1_{, V.L. Thompson}1_,

D.L. Frizzell1_{, J.M. Bulloch}1_{, B.A. Beaty}1_{, C.D. Kelsey}1_{, and S.B. Belmar}1

Abstract

ARoma 17, a new high yielding Jasmine-type aromatic, mid-season, long-grain rice cultivar, originated from the cross ‘Jazzman’/PI 597046. The aromatic line has been approved for release for the 2018 growing season. ARoma 17 offers a Jasmine-type rice adapted to Arkansas growing conditions for rice producers who want to serve that consumer market.

Introduction

ARoma 17 was developed in the rice improvement program at the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC), near Stuttgart, Ark. and has been released for the 2018 growing season. ARoma 17 has good milling yield and is similar in maturity and plant height to ‘Jazzman-2’. ARoma 17 was advanced with the use of rice grower check-off funds distributed by the Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board.

Procedures

ARoma 17 rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a high yielding Jasmine-type aromatic, mid-season, long-grain rice cultivar developed by the Arkansas Agricultural Experi- ment Station. ARoma 17 originated from the cross Jazzman/PI 597046 (cross number 20090392), made at the RREC in 2009. The name, ARoma 17, was derived from the two-letter designation of Arkansas (AR), and the aromatic characteristic of the line, and the year of 2017 when it was selected for release. Jazzman is a high yielding, con-

1 _{Program Associate III, Professor, Associate Professor, Program Associate III, Program Technician II,}

Program Technician I, Program Associate II, Program Technician III, Program Associate III, Program Associate II, Program Associate II, Program Technician II, and Program Technician III, respectively, Rice Research and Extension Center, Stuttgart.

2 _{Rice Extension Agronomist, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science, Rice Research and}

Extension Center, Stuttgart.

ventional height, Jasmine-type aromatic, long-grain rice with very good milling and excellent grain quality developed at Crowley, La. (Sha et al., 2011). PI 597046 is a plant introduction donated 1994 by R. Zeiger of IRRI (PI 597046, 1994). The experimental designation for early evaluation of ARoma 17 was STG12L-30-145, starting with a bulk of F5 seed from the 2012 panicle row L-30-145. ARoma 17 was observed in the Arkansas Rice Performance Trials (ARPT) and the Cooperative Uniform Regional Rice Nursery (URRN) from 2014 to 2017 as entry RU1401105 (RU number specifies Cooperative Uniform Regional Rice Nursery; 14 recognizes the year entered was 2014; 01 is the Stuttgart, Ark. designation; and 105 identifies the entry number).

In 2014, the ARPT was conducted at four locations in Arkansas: RREC; University of Arkansas System Division of Argriculture’s Pine Tree Experiment Station (PTES), near Colt, Ark.; Clay County producer field (CL CO) near Corning, Ark.; and Desha County producer field (DE CO) near Dumas, Ark. In 2015, the tests were conducted at RREC; University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Northeast Research and Extension Center (NEREC), Keiser, Ark.; PTES; CL CO; and DE CO. In 2016, the ARPT was conducted at RREC; NEREC; PTES; University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Newport Experiment Station (NES), Newport, Ark.; and CL CO. In 2017, RREC; NEREC; PTES; CL CO; and DE CO were the ARPT locations. The yield trials had four replications per location to reduce soil heterogeneity effects and to decrease the amount of experimental error. ARoma 17 was also grown in the URRN at the RREC; Crowley, La.; Stoneville, Miss.; Beaumont, Texas; and Malden, Mo. from 2014 to 2017. The URRN had three replications per location. Data collected from these trials included plant height, maturity, lodging, percent head rice, percent total rice, grain yield adjusted to 12% moisture, and disease reaction information. Cultural practices varied to some extent among locations, but overall the trials were grown under conditions of high productivity as recommended by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Cooperative Extension Service Rice Production Handbook MP192 (CES, 2013). Agronomic and milling data are presented in Tables 1 and 2. Disease ratings, which are indications of potential damage under conditions favorable for development of specific diseases, have been reported on a scale from 0 = least susceptible to 9 = most susceptible, or as very susceptible (VS), susceptible (S), moderately susceptible (MS), moderately resistant (MR), and resistant (R). Straw strength is a relative estimate based on observations of lodging in fields trials using the scale from 0 = very strong straw to 9 = very weak straw, totally lodged.

Results and Discussion

Rough rice grain yields of ARoma 17 have been consistently outstanding in the ARPT. In 19 ARPT yield trials from 2014 to 2017, the average yield of ARoma 17 was 163 bu/acre (Table 1). In 2014 (the only year other aromatic lines were entered in the ARPT), ARoma 17, Jazzman-2, and ‘CL Jazzman’ averaged yields of 173, 171, and 164 bu/acre, respectively. Data from the URRN conducted at Arkansas during 2014 to 2017, showed ARoma 17 had an average grain yield of 172 bu/acre, compared to the average yield of Jazzman-2 and ‘Della-2’ at 144 and 162 bu/acre, respectively (Table

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2). The dried rice was milled to obtain percent head rice (%HR, whole kernels) and percent total white rice (%TR) to provide a milling yield expressed as %HR/%TR. ARoma 17 milling yields from 14 ARPT yield trials (2014 to 2016) averaged 67/71 %HR/%TR (Table 1). In 2014 (the only year other aromatic lines were entered in the ARPT), milling yields of ARoma 17, Jazzman-2, and CL Jazzman averaged 69/72, 68/71, and 67/71, respectively. Milling yield (%HR/%TR) reports from the URRN in Arkansas during the same time period, 2014 to 2017, averaged 66/71, 63/68, and 62/68, respectively for ARoma 17, Jazzman-2, and Della-2 (Table 2).

ARoma 17 is a mid-season variety similar in maturity to Jazzman-2. ARoma 17 has excellent straw strength comparable to ‘Roy J’, ‘Taggart’, and ‘Wells’, according to 2016 ARPT data. The plant height of ARoma 17 is 39.8 inches tall which is similar to Jazzman-2 (Table 1).

ARoma 17, like Jazzman-2 and Taggart, is moderately susceptible to common races of rice blast (Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc.). ARoma 17 is rated moderately susceptible to sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) which compares with Jazzman-2 (S), Della-2 (S), Roy J (MS), and Wells (S), using the standard disease ratings R = resis- tant, MR = moderately resistant, MS = moderately susceptible, S = susceptible, and VS = very susceptible to disease. Under high nitrogen fertilization, ARoma 17 is susceptible to false smut (Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah). ARoma 17 is rated moderately resistant for bacterial panicle blight (Burkholderia glumae) compared to Jazzman-2 (VS), Della-2 (MS), Roy J (S), and Taggart (MS). Reactions to straighthead, narrow brown leaf spot, stem rot, black sheath rot, and sheath spot are unknown at this time.

Plants of ARoma 17 have erect culms, green erect leaves, and glabrous lemma, palea, and leaf blades. The lemma and palea are straw colored with red apiculi, many of which fade to straw at maturity. Milled kernels of ARoma 17 are similar in size to Wells, 7.31 mm and 7.28 mm, respectively. Individual milled kernel weights of ARoma 17, ‘Mermentau’, Roy J, Taggart, and Wells averaged 21.7, 20.0, 20.7, 22.7, and 21.9 gms/1,000 seeds in the 2014 to 2016 ARPT (14 locations, two replications per test), in data provided by Riceland Grain Quality Laboratory.

The endosperm of ARoma 17 is nonglutinous, aromatic, and covered by a light brown pericarp. Rice quality parameters indicate that ARoma 17 has Jasmine-type characteristics (Webb et. al., 1985). ARoma 17 has an average apparent starch amylose content of 16.65 g kg-1 and a low gelatinization temperature of 63.66°C, as indicated by an average alkali (17 g kg-1 KOH) spreading reaction of 6 to 7, according to data provided by Riceland Grain Quality Laboratory.

Significance of Findings

The release of ARoma 17 provides producers with a high yielding, Jasmine-type aromatic, mid-season, long-grain rice. The major advantages of ARoma 17 are its high yield potential in the specialty aromatic market.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to express their appreciation for continued support and fund- ing for this project by the producers of Arkansas through the monies administered by the Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board. Support is also provided by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture.

Literature Cited

CES. 2013. Cooperative Extension Service. Arkansas Rice Production Handbook. J.T. Hardke (ed). University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, MP 192, Little Rock, Ark.

PI 597046. 1994. Donated by R. Zeiger of IRRI. U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Access date: November 2017. Available at: www.npgsweb.ars-grin.gov Sha, X.Y., S.D. Linscombe, F. Jodari, Q.R. Chu, D.E. Groth, S.B. Blanche, D.L. Har-

rell, L.M. White, J.H. Oard, M.H. Chen, S.J. Theunissen, and B.J. Henry. 2011. Registration of ‘Jazzman’ Aromatic Long-Grain Rice. J. Plant Regist. 5:304-308. Webb, B.D., C.N. Bollich, H.L. Carnahan, K.A. Kuenzel, and K.S. McKenize. 1985.

Utilization characteristics and qualities of United States rice. P. 25-35. In: Rice grain quality and marketing. IRRI, Manila, Philippines.

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Table 1. Four-year yield average and three-year agronomic data average of ARoma 17 and other cultivars from the 2014 to 2017 Arkansas Rice Performance Trials.

Grain Yieldb _50%

Cultivar typea _{2014 2015 2016 2017 Mean Height}c _Headingc _Millingd

---(bu/ac)--- (in.) (days) (%HR/%TR)

ARoma17 A 173 142 162 176 163 39.8 86 67/71

Jazzman-2e _{A 171 n/a n/a n/a n/a 39.2 87 68/72}

CL Jazzmane _{A 164 n/a n/a n/a n/a 39.4 88 67/71}

Antonioe _{L 176 141 n/a n/a n/a 36.5 81 69/71}

Mermentaue _{L 181 161 159 n/a n/a 38.3 83 67/70}

Roy J L 172 169 167 196 179 41.6 89 65/70

Taggart L 169 167 179 183 183 43.8 88 66/71

Wells L 186 161 171 182 173 41.5 86 65/71

a _{Grain type A = aromatic, L = long-grain.}

b _{Yield trials in 2014 conducted in four locations, Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC),} Stuttgart, Ark.; Pine Tree Experiment Station (PTES), near Colt, Ark..; Clay County producer field (CL CO) near Corning, Ark.; and Desha County producer field (DE CO) near Dumas, Ark. In 2015, trials were conducted at RREC; Northeast Research and Extension Center (NEREC), Keiser, Ark.; PTES; CL CO; and DE CO. In 2016, ARPT locations were RREC; NEREC; PTES; Newport Experiment Station (NES), Newport, Ark.; and CL CO. In 2017, RREC; NEREC; PTES; CL CO; and DE CO were the ARPT locations.

c _{Height and Heading data collected from 2014 to 2017.}

d _{Milling figures are %HR/%TR = %head rice and % total rice; data collected from 2014 to 2016 yield} trials and analyzed at Riceland Grain Quality Laboratory. Milling data presented from RREC in 2014, 2015, 2016; NEREC in 2015, 2016; NES in 2016; PTES in 2014, 2015, 2016; CL CO in 2014, 2015, 2016; and DE CO in 2014, 2015.

e _{Jazzman-2 and CL Jazzman yield and milling data presented from 2014; Antonio data from 2014,} 2015. Mermentau data from 2014, 2015, 2016; ARoma 17, Roy J, Taggart and Wells yield data presented from 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017.

Table 2. Yield and agronomic data from the 2014 to 2017 Arkansas Uniform Regional Rice Nursery for ARoma 17 and other cultivars.

Grain Yielda _50%

Cultivar type 2014 2015 2016 2017 Mean Height heading Millingb

---(bu/ac)--- (in.) (days) (%HR/%HR)

ARoma 17 A 213 174 139 162 172 41.6 90 66/71

Jazzman-2 A 175 149 115 137 144 36.2 87 63/68

Della-2 A 175 172 137 165 162 42.3 91 62/68

Mermentau L 221 202 125 197 186 39.8 88 64/71

Wells L 251 189 162 209 203 44.1 88 63/71

a _{Arkansas = Rice Research and Extension Center, Stuttgart, Ark.} b _{Milling figures are %Head Rice and %Total Rice.}