ÍNDICE DE TABLAS, FIGURAS, FOTOGRAFÍAS Y MAPAS TABLAS
1.3 EL DRENAJE ÁCIDO DE MINA
1.3.3 REACCIONES Y FACTORES DE CONTROL DEL PROCESO
1.3.3.1 Papel de las bacterias en la oxidación de los sulfuros
Since the investment for refurbishment is one-time action while the withdraw benefit from energy saving and real estate value of house are long-term plan, the conflict between investment and benefit should be solved by establishing a feasible financial mechanism for residential building refurbishment project operation.
In Europe, there is relatively complete financial support mechanism for residential building refurbishment project. Local authority and house association would supply specific fund and get low-rate loan with help of bank. There is clear and detailed contract with all partners involved in the project for division of responsibility and benefit. In China, as we talked before, issue of residential building refurbishment is not paid enough attention until recent years in the cities, there is not explicit work framework for residential building refurbishment and financial organization is an urgent problem in real practice.
In this period, a multi-level financial support mechanism which is leaded by local authority could be a proper way for organizing financial support of residential building refurbishment project in China. Fig. 5.37 shows the main sources of possible financial support. The process of organizing financial support should follow the principle of “financial support should come from who get benefit in the project”. The main part of fund source should be local government and inhabitants.
Fig. 5.37 Schematic diagram of constitution of financial support for residential building refurbishment in urban area of China
Government support
Implementation of energy conservation refurbishment needs the economic policy incentive; therefore, besides the national encourage policy and energy efficiency plan for energy conservation residential building by central government, local authority should fix locally policies includes tax preference, bonus encourage etc. to make pilot project with some target typical buildings. These pilot projects would be demonstration for other projects in the same area.
The source of government financial support would come from: specific financial fund for existing residential building refurbishment; environmental protection bureau support for improving CO2 emission reduction; specific residential building maintenance fund from
land-use department; free technical support from planning bureau and construction bureau; specific fund of Central Provident Fund; fund for implementing innovation technology from science and technology bureau and etc. For different projects, the constitution of fund source would depend on real condition. However, specific project, financial support from government would be basic requirement of a residential building refurbishment project in urban area of China.
In the other hand, local authority could try to improve low-rate loan support from bank. In China, bank loan only face to new residential building; it’s difficult to get low rate loan by
inhabitants for refurbishment project. By the help of local authority, low-rate loan could be made between authority and bank.
Private investment from inhabitants
This part is the other main source of refurbishment fund. Residential building refurbishment is mainly concentrated in building envelope retrofit and heating system reconstruction, inhabitants should afford part of construction materials. Agreement for investment should be made between authority and inhabitants through deep communications. Contract with clear budget estimate for the whole project could be made at the very beginning of refurbishment.
In China, although there is no house association like Europe, because of political system, before 2000s, most of residential buildings in urban area are part-belonged to affiliated institution where the inhabitants work in. In refurbishment project, in case the house is related with affiliated institution, the affiliated institution would afford part of fund with inhabitants.
In the meanwhile, energy company would give some offer to inhabitants for improving energy performance in residential building.
Cooperation from energy efficiency material industry
In the aim of populating innovation energy efficiency materials, energy efficiency industry would supply specific fund or preferential offer by coordinating of local authority.
National or international cooperation
There are some national or international organizations for improving low carbon city and low carbon buildings would supply technical and economic support for improving energy conservation in residential building. For example, according to section 12 of Kyoto Protocol, if developing country implements Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) they would get international technical support. That means developed countries would cooperate with developing countries implementing CO2 emission reduction project.
Obviously, residential building energy conservation refurbishment supplies a platform for cooperation. In fact, from the beginning of 2000s there were a few pilot building refurbishment projects had been done with the cooperation of EU countries (Germany, France). In perspective, both China and some EU countries like Italy have abundant culture heritage, there is traditional advantage in cooperation in residential building refurbishment between them.
Of course, the financial support mechanism would be improved with complete of economic system and new support mode would be developed in real practice. Building energy conservation industry investment funds could set building energy conservation as object, collecting fund by floating specific fund and operated by professionals. Financial support for residential building refurbishment is a topic still needed to be explored in the future.
5.4 Chapter Summary
Since the implementation of technical strategy for residential building refurbishment is related with many aspects, this chapter discussed three procedures in the scheme stage of residential building refurbishment in urban area of China. First of all, an analysis of residential building in urban area of China is made for discovering general problems of existing residential building in urban area of China. Combining the development trend of residential building in China, we can find the gap between existing building and new construction and fix the refurbishment context for existing residential building.
In the other hand, initiative motivation by professionals and government could effect and promote energy conservation for existing residential building. Through an investigation faced to Chinese architects and urban planners, we comprehended the real awareness in China for this topic. Analysis of investigation results and internal operation model help us to elaborate energy conservation strategy appropriate status of China.
The third part of this chapter described the relevant management support of residential building refurbishment. By the research on urban residential building, internal operation model of residential building in China is analyzed and Integrated-model projections model suitable for current China is proposed as a result. In addition, identification of the instinctive motives of residential building refurbishment is expounded clearly that is improved from the city renewal to district regeneration level then building refurbishment and also operates in reverse. At last, through the analysis of fanatical factors, multi-level financial support mechanism is summarized as a feasible solution. Following chapter will be emphasized on the working procedure and aims to establish a comprehensive energy conservation methodology for residential building refurbishment in urban area of China.