6 ANÁLISIS E INTERPRETACION DE LOS DATOS
6.2 EL PAPEL DE LAS INSTITUCIONES PÚBLICAS
Following the survey, in‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted from May
to November 2010 with 11 registered nurses employed with MHS. The demographic
details of the nurse interviewees were as follows:
Table 4.3. Nurse‐interviewee demographics
Gender 7 female 4 male
Location 4 North Tas. 4 South Tas. 3 North West Tas.
Setting 6 inpatient 5 community
Age Average 48
In comparing these demographic details with the nursing workforce statistics
supplied to me by SMHS, the nurse‐interviewee group appears reasonably
representative of the wider MHS nurse population in relation to those details. In
terms of their experiences and views however, they may represent a particular sub‐
group of the wider MHS nurse population. Towards identifying why these 11 (from
the 235 invited) volunteered their participation I asked each of them why they had
decided to participate in the interview. Their responses included wanting to support
a research student and suicide prevention research, wanting to talk about and
107
their professional portfolio, and also having ‘nothing better to do at the time’. In
particular, the nurse interview participants seemed to have a desire to describe their
own practice, put their views forward, and to critique the status quo. That there
were only 11 volunteers out of a much larger potential sample is also again, I believe,
suggestive of the lack of a research culture, reluctance to talk about suicide, and a
pervasive sense of busyness.
The interviews averaged 60 minutes in length and, as recommended, they were held
in a quiet, private setting (Burns & Grove 2005) of the participant’s choice (Clarke
2006). For seven this was in a room within their workplace and for the other four it
was in their own home. Informed consent was obtained and re‐visited following the
interview. I transcribed the interviews and participants were thoroughly de‐
identified in the process. The accuracy of transcription and thoroughness of de‐
identification were checked by my supervisors.
As the nurse interviewee information sheet (Appendix 2) and consent form
(Appendix 3) indicate, a key aspect of participation and consent was an agreement
that the nurses’ health and wellbeing needs would be responded to and that support
external to MHS would be made available upon the nurse’s request. It was also
explained that, in exceptional circumstances, confidentiality could be overridden by
a mental health tribunal or coronial inquiry. Although this last point, in particular,
may have had an impact on data quality (potentially limiting disclosure) I feel that
the risk of this was minimal, firstly because it was difficult to foresee a circumstance
occurring where the coroner would request the interview data, and secondly
because of the approach by me to the interviews which discouraged identification of
individuals.
Semi‐structured interviews are often used by health professionals (Whiting 2008),
and are particularly valuable in providing flexibility for the interviewer to modify the
approach in order to elicit the fullest response from participants, while at the same
time remaining focused on the research themes across multiple interviews (Qu &
108
this study were guided by a schedule (Appendix 4) and were approached in a
conversational manner, with my researcher and clinician identity and motivations
made explicit.
The opening question of the semi‐structured interview is particularly important and
should be explicitly focused on the research while also remaining ‘open’ (DiCicco‐
Bloom & Crabtree 2006). As such, I commenced each interview by reiterating the
purpose of the interview and highlighting that I was interested in the participant’s
views, experiences, expertise and opinions – whatever they may be. I then invited
recollection of the first interaction with a suicidal consumer that came to mind or
one that the nurse particularly wanted to talk about. I directed the participants to
describe experiences in as much detail as possible in an essentially chronological
sequence and I tried to identify the points that they were indicating to be most
important. I pursued their main points and then followed up with some more direct
probes concerning my overarching research questions. In this way the research
questions were attended to while participants were still able to introduce new ideas
or questions, as has been noted to be appropriate to the goals of semi‐structured
interviews (DiCicco‐Bloom & Crabtree 2006). Thus a narrative account of their
experiences, beliefs and approaches in regard to practice, was generated.
The interviews provided rich descriptions of practice and valuable insights
concerning the potential for nurses to care for suicidal consumers. They also
revealed that nurses were often frustrated in this endeavour. The nurses were keen
to critique colleagues’ practice and the quality of service overall and this invariably
took up the second half of the interviews. I always concluded the interviews by
opening up the conversation to what the nurses felt was most important and to
what else they might like to add. Thus, the interviews concluded with a reflection
and summation of what the nurse felt most strongly about and also occasionally
some new topics emerged at that time. I also embraced the recommended interview
technique of returning to less emotionally intense ground towards the end of the
109
what the participants saw as quality care enabling optimal outcomes and often with
specific suggestions they might have regarding service and workforce development.
Concluding the interviews in an appropriately friendly manner allowed me time to
consider how the nurse had been affected by the interview and whether they
required or wanted to pursue any further de‐briefing with me or anyone else.
Although the nurses were often emotional during the interviews none requested any
further support. Indeed, it was my perception, and was also confirmed directly by
several of the nurses, that they were positively affected by the opportunity to talk
confidentially and to contribute to research about an important practice issue.