Pensamiento Creativo

Cruzeiro de Férias às Colónias' (Maria Cardeira da Silva e Sandra Oliveira). [Abstrato ASC Leiden]

54 Hermes, Nizar F.

Nostalgia for al-Andalus in early modern Moroccan "voyages en Espagne" : al-Ghassani's "Ri?lat al-wazir fi iftikak al-asir (1690–91) as a case study / Nizar F. Hermes - In: The Journal of North African Studies: (2016), vol. 21, no. 3, p. 433-452.

ASC Subject Headings: Morocco; Spain; literature; Arab culture; precolonial period; memory.

The present article proposes that we turn our attention to al-Ghassani's (d. 1707) "Rih?at al-wazir fi iftikaki al-asir" (The journey of the minister to ransom the captive) to trace some of the most original and thought-provoking literary and cultural manifestations of nostalgic/elegiac depictions of al-Andalus in Arabic-Islamic writing in the post-Reconquista era. "Rih?at al-wazir fi iftikaki alasir", the article argues, abounds with tropes and motifs typical of neoclassical and modern Arabic Andalusiyyat. This is especially true of the section that records the author's physical encounter with al-Andalus. Finally, the author makes the case for additional scholarly exploration of the themes of memory, loss, and nostalgia in other early modern Moroccan "voyages en Espagne". Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]

55 Hibou, Béatrice

Le gouvernement du social au Maroc / sous la dir. de Béatrice Hibou et Irene Bono. - Paris : Karthala, cop. 2016. - 362 p. ; 22 cm. - (Recherches internationales) - Met noten.

ISBN 2811116710

ASC Subject Headings: Morocco; social conditions; social change; social work; popular participation; local government.

Cet ouvrage collectif démontre l'importance du gouvernement indirect du social, dont l'équivoque facilite compromis et bricolages en renforce la capacité d'adaptation du politique aux transformations de l'époque. Sommaire: Introduction. Gouverner le vivre ensemble (Béatrice Hibou et Irene Bono); Construire l'espace du social. Les multiples figures de l'intermédiation dans les maisons de jeunes à Casablance (Yasmine Berriane); Gouverner par moments. Le wali dans les transports urbains à Casablanca (Nadia Hachimi Alaoui); Du blé au pain, que régule-t-on? L'ambiguïté comme mode de gouvernement (Valentine Schehl); Le prix de la paix sociale dans le port de Casablanca. Le provisoire comme source de pouvoir (Redouane Garfaoui); Cibler les mères célibataires. La production bureaucratique et morale d'un impensable moral (Irene Capelli); Un musée pour gouverner la marginalité. Les conflits de patrimonialisation dans le Rif (Badiha Nahhass); Une catégorie juridique pour gouverner la question du social (Ahmed Bendella); La main

invisible du service domestique. Tsemsir et production de l'ordre social à Casablanca (Leila Bouasria). [Résumé ASC Leiden]

56 Mvogo, Faustin

Polymorphie identitaire du migrant et libération de soi : lecture sociocritique de quelques romans de Tahar Ben Jelloun / Faustin Mvogo - In: Rhumsiki : revue scientifique de la Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines de l'Université de Maroua: (2014), no. 1, p. 83-96.

ASC Subject Headings: Morocco; novels; literary criticism; migration; identity.

Cette réflexion montre que l'immigration, ou simplement la mobilité des personnages, avec son corollaire de souffrance et de traversée de nouvelles expériences, engendre toujours des conséquences sur l'identité des individus. Cette situation est manifeste dans certains romans de Tahar Ben Jelloun. Mais chez lui, l'hybridité des personnages est source de libération, qu'elle reste onirique ou se présente sous la forme d'un besoin de retour vers la terre de ses origines. Phénomène social par excellence, la sociocritique permet alors l'étude de la polymorphie identitaire du personnage qui passe du mutant au migrant conscient de la mutation identitaire conduisant à la libération de l'individu. Bibliogr., notes, réf., rés. en français et en anglais. [Résumé extrait de la revue]

57 Naylor, Phillip C.

Paul Bowles and Morocco's music / Phillip C. Naylor [ed.] - In: The Journal of North African Studies: (2016), vol. 21, no. 4, p. 550-598.

ASC Subject Headings: Morocco; United States; musicians; writers; Americans; music.

For over 50 years, American artist Paul Bowles (1910-99) lived in Tangier, Morocco. He is most renowned for his literary works, which often explored existential themes. His famous novel "The sheltering sky" was made into a movie by Bernardo Bertolucci. Bowles's musical career as a composer and critic has received relatively incidental attention. To commemorate the release of "Music of Morocco", a new compilation of his recordings, the editorial staff of the Journal of North African Studies decided to devote a special section to Paul Bowles, the musician. In this section Irene Herrmann, the executor of Bowles's musical estate and an accomplished musician herself, offers a memoir recalling her friendship with Bowles as composer and critic. John Philip Rode Schaefer presents an essay studying Bowles's musical ethic, mediation, and appropriation in context with Moroccan racial history. Allen Hibbard includes a detailed review of Music of Morocco, underscoring its multiple significance. Articles: Reflections of a musical friendship (Irene Herrmann); Discrete/discreet appropriation: Paul Bowles, non-Western music, and race in Tangier (John Philip Rode Schaefer); A review of "Music of Morocco: recorded by Paul Bowles, 1959" (Allen Hibbard). Bibliogr., notes, ref. summaries. [ASC Leiden abstract]

NORTH AFRICA - MOROCCO

58 Soulaimani, Dris

Becoming Amazigh : standardisation, purity, and questions of identity / Dris Soulaimani - In:

The Journal of North African Studies: (2016), vol. 21, no. 3, p. 485-500 : tab.

ASC Subject Headings: Morocco; Berber languages; standardization; ethnic identity.

The status of Amazigh/Berber language and identity in Morocco has provoked multiple debates in recent years, including a debate on unifying the three main Amazigh varieties (Tashelhit, Tamazight, and Tarifit) into one standard language. This study discusses how the Amazigh language standardisation is socially constructed and profoundly connected to notions of identity, differentiation, and a pan-Amazigh imaginary. Few studies have analysed these sociolinguistic underpinnings within the framework of language ideologies. Most of these studies focus on activists working on Amazigh language issues. Drawing on theories of language ideologies and discourse analysis, this study investigates the process of Amazigh standardisation based on the views of both activists and non-activists, and discusses the social implications of this process. Informed by onsite fieldwork including questionnaire surveys and interviews, the study reveals a wide opinion divide, based on practicalities and language ideologies, between the country's Amazigh activists and non-activists. Of equal importance, the study shows that Amazigh standardisation presents a case of linguistic erasure, which negatively affects native varieties at risk of losing their local intimate qualities as mother tongues. The outcome of this study is relevant not only to Morocco, but also to other North African nations where Amazigh language issues have been drawn into social and political conflicts. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]

59 Witulski, Christopher

The gnawa lions : paths towards learning ritual music in contemporary Morocco / Christopher Witulski - In: The Journal of North African Studies: (2016), vol. 21, no. 4, p. 599-622.

ASC Subject Headings: Morocco; traditional music; rituals; slaves; popular music; cultural change.

This article outlines the pressures on young "gnawa" musicians embarking on a career in contemporary Morocco. "Gnawa" stands for a form of ritual and music connected to the slavery of West Africans in Morocco. Being or performing "gnawa" is not based on descent. The author therefore considers as "gnawa" those who self-define as such. The influences of the popular music industry provide new options for "gnawa" musicians. They can choose to engage in the traditional system of apprenticeship or navigate their career outside it. This article outlines the pathway and expectations built into an apprenticeship-based mode of learning and becoming "gnawa". It then moves to explore the opportunities and pressures that affect those who chose to sidestep the established system. Young performers who do so adeptly respond to their audiences' desires and can find success. Even so, they struggle for respect from the larger "gnawa" community. The author examines how these artists

strategise their careers between traditional and novel educational systems. They prioritise skills that are important to the popular music industry. This does not preclude opportunities for ritual performance, though it does affect how and where they find work. While some fail due to a poor knowledge of repertoire or a lack of experience, others utilise a nuanced understanding of their changing audience's tastes to animate possession innovatively and effectively. Even when they are not as adept at moving spirits in ritual, they master moving bodies in concerts. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]

TUNISIA

60 Chaldeos, Antonios

The French colonial policy in Tunisia between 1920 and 1930 and its influence on the Greek community / Antonios Chaldeos - In: The Journal of North African Studies: (2016), vol. 21, no. 3, p. 379-391.

ASC Subject Headings: Tunisia; France; Greeks; diasporas; colonial policy; national identity.

The Greek presence in Tunisia dates back to the middle of the sixteenth century, when merchants and ex-slaves, once victims of the pirates operating in North Africa, settled primarily in the ports of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli. During that period, Tunisia was part of the Ottoman Empire, and from1705 a semi-independent hegemony. The French invasion of North Africa was a crucial point in the Greek community's long presence in Tunisia. The French colonial policy brought tremendous changes in the social life of people residing in multinational Tunisia, including Greeks. The decade between 1920 and 1930 marked a series of reforms in the governmental structures of Tunisia. These events also affected Greek residents in Tunisia. Although they retained their religious identity, their ethnic orientation became directly dependent on these political and social changes, since that is when the majority of Greeks acquired French citizenship. It is important to examine whether this shift was accompanied by a transformation of the Greek national identity and the extent of its influence within the actual Greek community. Bibliogr., ref., sum. [Journal abstract] 61 Petrucci, Filippo

Attitudes towards Israel in Tunisian political debate : from Bourguiba to the new constitution / Filippo Petrucci and Marisa Fois - In: The Journal of North African Studies: (2016), vol. 21, no. 3, p. 392-410.

ASC Subject Headings: Tunisia; Israel; international relations; foreign policy; constitutions; 2014; heads of State.

Tunisia has developed an original diplomatic approach to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Relations between Tunisia and Israel (and more generally between Israel and the Arab world) have also influenced internal relations within Tunisia and the reactions and decisions