Presentación de los resultados finales

The Present Continuous (Şimdiki Zaman) time morpheme is [İ.YOR], which

has four allomorphs: [i.yor, ı.yor, ü.yor, u.yor]. When these allomorphs are

attached to verbs ending with consonants, they are attached to them follow- ing the vowel harmony rules. However, when they are attached to the verb roots, stems or frames ending with vowels, the end vowels of these verbs drop, so the allomorphs of the [İ.YOR] morpheme follow the vowels that precede the dropped vowels.

Note: The vowels that are said “dropped” are the vowels that are over-

looked by the Turkish language sound system while the previous vowels are being linked to the following ones. This is because it is not harmonious for the Turkish-speaking people to pronounce two vowels attached to one an- other, so they either skip one of them, or combine them or link them with glides.

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The verb roots, stems or frames ending with consonants:

gel-i.yor (ei) (ge*li*yor), bak-ı.yor (aı) (ba*kı*yor), otur-u.yor (uu) (o*-

tu*ru*yor), öksür-ü.yor (üü) (ök*sü*rü*yor), yanaş-ı.yor (aı) (ya*na*-

şı*yor), bekleş-i.yor (ei) (bek*le*şi*yor), beklen-i.yor-lar (e→i) (bek*le*- ni*yor*lar), art-ı.yor (aı) (ar*tı*yor), it-i.yor (i→i) (i*ti*yor)

The verb roots, stems or frames ending with vowels:

bekle-i.yor (ei) (bek*li*yor), ertele-i.yor (ei) (er*te*li*yor), yürü-ü.yor

(üü) (yü*rü*yor), atla-ı.yor (aı) (at*lı*yor), çalkala-ı.yor (aı) (çal*-

ka*lı*yor), akla-ı.yor (aı) (ak*lı*yor), dengele-i.yor (ei) (den*ge*li*yor),

oku-u.yor (ou) (o*ku*yor), taşı-ı.yor (aı) (ta*şı*yor), oyna-u.yor (o→u) (oy*nu*yor).

The last vowels of the verbs above are double underlined. When these last

vowels drop, the first vowels of the [İ.YOR] morpheme follow the vowels

preceding the dropped vowels according to the vowel harmony rules:

bekliyor, erteliyor, yürüyor, atlıyor, çalkalıyor, aklıyor, dengeliyor

When one of the allomorphs of the morpheme [İ.YOR] is attached to the ne-

gation allomorphs [me] or [ma], these negation allomorphs also drop their

last vowels, and the [İ.YOR} morpheme follow the vowels preceding the

dropped vowels according to the vowel harmony of the Turkish language:

gel-me-i.yor (e→i) gelmiyor, oku-ma-u.yor (u→u) okumuyor, bekle-me-i.yor (e→i) beklemiyor, çalış-ma-ı.yor (ı→ı) çalışmıyor, gül-me-ü.yor (ü→ü) gülmüyor, ertele-me-i.yor (e→i) ertelemiyor.

The [İ.YOR] morpheme is composed of two syllables: “i*yor”. The second

syllable of this morpheme “yor” never follows the vowel harmony rules, and

consequently, the personal morphemes that follow them do not have differ- ent allomorphs:

gel-i.yor-um, başla-ı.yor-sun, koş-u.yor, gez-i.yor-uz, çalış-ı.yor-su.nuz, gül-ü.yor-lar, bekle-i.yor, anla-ı.yor, kovala-ı.yor, besle-i.yor

As a rule, the last consonants of the verbs detach from their syllables, and attach to the first vowels of the following morphemes. However, when the /p, t, ç, k/ unvoiced consonants detach from their syllables and attach to the

following morphemes, they also change into their voiced forms /b, d, c, ğ/.

The Present Continuous and The Present Perfect Continuous tenses of

the English language are expressed in şimdiki zaman (The Present Contin-

uous Tense) in Turkish. Compare the following sentences:

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O gel-i.yor. (e → i) (ge*li*yor ↷) He is coming. (now or later)

O bir mektup yaz-ı.yor. (a→ı) (o / bir / mek*tup / ya*zı*yor ↷)

He is writing a letter. (now)

O bir saat-tir bir mektup yaz-ı.yor. (a→ı) (o / bir / sa*at*tir / bir / mek*tup / ya*zı*yor ↷) He has been writing a letter for an hour.

Jack bahçe-de oyna-u.yor. (o→u) (Jack / bah*çe*de / oy*nu*yor ↷)

Jack is playing in the garden. (The /a/ drops, and the /n/ ataches to /u/.)

Jack sabah-tan beri bahçe-de oyna-u.yor. (o→u) (Jack / sa*bah*tan / be*ri / bah*çe*de / oy*nu*yor ↷) Jack has been playing in the garden since morning.

Mehmet bahçe-de koş-u.yor. (o→u) (meh*met / bah*çe*de / ko*şu*yor ↷) Mehmet is running in the garden. (now)

Mary nehir-de yüz-ü.yor. (ü→ü) (ma*ri / ne*hir*de / yü*zü*yor ↷)

Mary is swimming in the river. (now)

Okul-un ön-ü/n/-de bekle-eş-i.yor-uz. (e→i) (o*ku*lun / ö*nün*de / bek*le*şi*yo*ruz ↷)

We are waiting together in front of the school. (reciprocal)

Jack boyuna televizyon seyret-i.yor. (e→i) (Jack ~/ bo*yu*na / te*le*viz*yon / sey*re*di*yor ↷)

Jack is always watching television. (complaint)

(Ben) televizyon seyret-i.yor-um. (e→i) (ben / te*le*viz*yon / sey*re*di*yo*rum ↷)

I am watching television.

The single underlined consonants detach from their syllables, and attach to the first vowels of the following morphemes during syllabication. Moreover, the /p, t, ç, k/ single underlined unvoiced consonants both detach from their syllables and attach to the first vowels of the following morphemes, and

change into their voiced counterparts /b, d, c, ğ/.

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(Biz) bahçe-de oyna-u.yor-uz. (o→u) (biz / bah*çe*de / oy*nu*yo*ruz ↷)

We are playing in the garden.

(Biz) Türkçe öğren-i.yor-uz. (e→i) (biz / Türk*çe / öğ*re*ni*yo*ruz ↷)

We are learning Turkish. (now)

(Biz) üç aydır Türkçe öğren-i.yor-uz. (e→i) (liaison) (biz / ü*çay*dır / türk*çe / öğ*re*ni*yo*ruz ↷) We have been learning Turkish for three months.

Martı-lar gökyüz-ü/n/-de uç-u.yor-lar. (u→u) (mar*tı*lar / gök*yü*zün*de / u*çu*yor*lar ↷) The seagulls are flying in the sky. (now)

Onlar sen-i bekle-i.yor-lar. (e→) (The /e/ drops, and the /l/ attaches to /i/.) (on*lar / se*ni / bek*li*yor*lar ↷)

They are waiting for you. (now)

(Biz) öğle yemek-i ye-i.yor-uz. (e→i) (The /e/ drops, and the /y/ attaches to /i/.)

(biz / öğ*le / ye* me*ği / yi*yo*ruz ↷) We are having lunch. (now)

Öğrenci-ler saat sekiz-den beri öğretmen-ler-i-/n/i bek.le-i.yor-lar. The students have been waiting for their teacher since eight.

Ne kadar zaman-dır televizyon seyret-i.yor-sun? (e→i)

(ne ↝/ ka*dar / za*man*dır / te*le*viz*yon / sey*re*di*yor*sun↝)

How long have you been watching television?

Günler uza-u.yor. (u→u) (liaison) (gün*le*ru*zu*yor ↷) Days are getting longer.

Oğlum ev ödev-i-/n/i yap-ı.yor. (a→) (liaison) (oğ*lum / e*vö*de*vi*ni / ya*pı*yor ↷)

My son is doing his homework.

Üç saattir çalış-ı.yor-um. (ı→ı) (üç / sa*at*tir / ça*lı*şı*yo*rum ↷) I have been studying for three hours.

Bir saat-tir sen-i bek.le-i.yor-um. (e→i) (bir / sa*at*tir / se*ni / bek*li*yo*rum ↷)

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Sabah-tan beri ne yap-ı.yor-sun? (a→ı) (sa*bah*tan / be*ri / ne ↝ / ya*pı*yor*sun↝) What have you been doing since morning?

Şimdi ne yap-ı.yor-sun? (a→ı)

(şim↝ di / ne / ya*pı*yor*sun↝)

What are you doing now?

The morpheme [DİR] can also be used after The Present Continuous Tense

(Şimdiki Zaman) in Turkish to express estimation:

Jack ne yap-ı.yor? (a→ı) (jack / ne↝ / ya*pı*yor↝) What is Jack doing?

Ders çalış-ı.yor-dur. (ı→ı)

(ders / ça*lı*şı*yor*dur ↷)

I think he is studying.

The near future concept can also be expressed in the Present Continuous Tense (Şimdiki Zaman) in Turkish as it is done in English:

Uçak biraz-dan havalan-ı.yor. (a→)

(u*çak / bi*raz*dan / ha*va*la*nı*yor ↷)

The plane is taking off soon.

Misafir-ler yarın gel-i.yor-lar. (e→i) (mi*sa:*fir*ler / ya*rın / ge*li*yor*lar ↷) The visitors are coming tomorrow.

Misafirler biraz-dan gel-i.yor. (e→i) (mi*sa:*fir*ler / bi*raz*dan / ge*li*yor ↷) The visitors are coming soon.

Yarın Londra’/y/a git-i.yor-uz. (i→i)

(ya*rın / Lon*dra*ya / gi*di*yo*ruz ↷)

We are going to London tomorrow.

Birazdan çık-ı.yor-uz. (ı→ı) (bi*raz*dan / çı*kı*yo*ruz ↷) We are leaving soon.

Yarın yeni bir araba satın al-ı.yor-um. (a→ı) (liaison)

(ya*rın / ye*ni / bi*ra*ra*ba / sa*tı*na*lı*yo*rum ↷)

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In document Integración de smartphones en el IoT (página 52-58)