Presupuestos considerados en un proyecto de inversión

The process of patch management is not very different from general software management. The same SD-UX utilities are used for installing, removing, and listing patches as are used for general software.

Obtaining Patches

HP-UX patches are distributed as shar files. When you download a patch from the Hewlett-Packard FTP or Web site, use the sh command to unshar it. For example, to download the patch, PHCO_15220, you can use the following FTP process from the command line.

# ftp us-ffs.external.hp.com

Connected to hpcc933.external.hp.com.

220-

220-Welcome to the HP Electronic Support Center ftp server 220---

220-

220-You are user 53, and there is a limit of 200 simultaneous accesses.

220-

220-Log in as user "anonymous" (using your e-mail address as your password)

220-to retrieve available patches for HP-UX, MPE/iX, and other platforms.

220-

220-If you are a user of other HP ESC services, log in with your 220-HP ESC User ID and password to deposit or retrieve your files.

220-

220-If you have questions, send email to:

220-

220- [email protected] 220-

220 hpcc933 FTP server (Version wu-2.4, HP ASL, w/CNS fixes (277) Wed Jun 24 18:

02:04 PDT 1998) ready.

Name (us-ffs.external.hp.com:boota): anonymous

331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password.

Password:

230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.

Remote system type is UNIX.

Using binary mode to transfer files.

ftp> cd hp-ux_patches

150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for PHCO_15220 (46784 bytes).

226 Transfer complete.

46784 bytes received in 1.04 seconds (44.02 Kbytes/s) ftp> quit

221 Goodbye.

#

After downloading, use the following command to unshar the patch.

$ sh PHCO_15220 x - PHCO_15220.text

x - PHCO_15220.depot [compressed]

$

As you can see from the output of this command, two files are extracted from the package file. These files are always Patch_Name.text and Patch_Name.depot. The .text file is the patch description file and the .depot file is the actual patch in SD-UX depot format. The .text file contains the following information.

• Patch name

• Patch description

• Creation date: shows the date the patch was created

• Post date: shows the date when the patch was made public for general use

• Hardware platforms—OS releases

• ^Products

• ^Filesets

• Automatic reboot: shows whether the system will be rebooted after the installation of patch

• Status: shows whether it is a general release or a special release

• Critical: shows if the patch fixes a critical problem. A critical problem is one that causes system failure, crash, hang, panic, application failure, data loss, or corruption

• Category tags

• Path name: shows the file path on the FTP site

• Symptoms

• Defect description

• SR: service request number, which is assigned to a formal request about the problem from a customer

• Patch files

• what(1) output: shows output of the what command for each file

• cksum(1) output: used to detect any errors in the file

• Patch conflicts

• Patch dependencies

• Hardware dependencies

• Other dependencies

• Supersedes

• Equivalent patches

• Installation instructions

Before installing a patch, you must read this information to find out its exact purpose.

Creating a Patch Depot

After you have unshared a patch, you can install it directly from the .depot file or you can add the .depot file to a patch depot on your system. I prefer the second option. To add the patch to the /var/spool/sw depot, use this command.

swcopy -s PHCO_15220.depot PHCO_15220 @ /var/spool/sw Installing Patches

Patches can be installed with the help of the swinstall command. If you are using individual patches with the above-mentioned procedure, you can use the following command to get a list of software and patches from your default depot.

swinstall -s /var/spool/sw

When you use this command and the patches are present in this depot, you will see a list of all patches in the swinstall window. After making a selection in the usual way, you can install the desired patches.

If you have the patch CD-ROM from Hewlett-Packard and are not sure which patches to install, adopt the following process.

• Insert the CD-ROM in the drive.

• For HP-UX 10.20 and earlier, mount the CD-ROM on the /SD_CDROM directory using the mount command. Remember that, with HP-UX 11.00 and later, the CD-ROM is automatically mounted by swinstall.

• Start swinstall.

• Go to the Actions menu and select Match what target has on HP-UX 10.x or Manage patch selection on HP-UX 11.00.

• Go to the Actions menu and select Install (analyze). . . to start the installation.

Removing Patches

Package removal is similar to general software removal. It is done with the help of the swremove command.

15.9 SD-UX Commands

Common SD-UX commands are presented in Table 15-2.

Table 15-2. Common SD-UX Commands

Command Description

swinstall Install software

swremove Remove installed software; also remove software from a depot swlist List installed software or software in a depot

swcopy Copy software components to a software depot swpackage Package software in a depot

swreg Make a software depot visible to other systems on the network swverify Verify integrity of installed software

swagentd SD-UX daemon swagent SD-UX agent

swacl Control access to software swconfig Configure installed software Chapter Summary

You have used HP Software Distributor (SD-UX) in this chapter. You began with learning the structure of HP software packages. Filesets are combination of files. Subproducts are used to logically combine filesets of the same type. Products contain subproducts and filesets. Packages are used to distribute software and can contain full or partial products. The software is stored in software depots. A software depot may be a CD-ROM, a tape, or a directory on a server.

Software is installed with the help of the swinstall command, which can be started in text or graphical interfaces. For listing installed software or the contents of a software depot, you use the swlist command.

The swremove command is used for removing software from a software depot or from the system. The swverify command checks the integrity of the installed software. To manage a software depot, you can use the swcopy, swremove, swlist, and swpackage commands. The installed product database (IPD) is used to keep a record of installed or removed software. If new software is installed, it is added to this database. If you remove software using the swremove command, it is removed from the database. To use SD-UX, you need to run the SD-UX daemon named swagentd. This daemon invokes the SD-UX agent, swagent, whenever required. The freedisk command can be used to list and remove any unused software from the system.

Hewlett-Packard releases software updates from time to time. These updates are called patches.

Patches are used to add new functionality, remove bugs, or add support for new hardware. The patches can be downloaded from the Hewlett-Packard Web site or the FTP site. Patches are managed in a way similar to general software management.

Chapter Review Questions

1: What tasks are carried out using SD-UX?

2: What is a software depot? What is the difference between the swinstall and swcopy commands?

3: A depot is a superset of products (True/False).

4: What is included in the output of the swlist command if you use it without any arguments or options?

5: Software is installed in separate directories under the /opt directory. Is it possible to remove software by deleting the directory used for a particular software? Why?

6: Describe the purposes of patches.

Test Your Knowledge 1

:

What is not true about a fileset?

A fileset is a collection of files.

One fileset can belong to only one product.

One fileset can belong to many products.

Filesets may have dependencies with one another.

2 :

What is the default location of software on your disk?

/var/spool/sw

When the swlist command is used without any arguments, it lists:

all bundles all products

all bundles and all products

all bundles and only those products that are not included in a bundle 4

:

When using the swinstall command in the text menu, you can activate the menus using the:

key

In which runlevel is the SD-UX software daemon started?

1

What is the use of the freedisk command?

to check the amount of free space on a disk to check for unused software on a disk to check a disk that is completely free

to wipe out all software from a disk to make it free 7

:

Which SD-UX command is used to install software?

swinstall

For what purpose are patches not used?

add new functionality fix bugs in applications fix bugs in hardware

add support for new hardware 9

:

Every patch is a shar file when you download it from the Hewlett-Packard Internet site. How many files are created when you unshar it?

2 3 7

10

Chapter Syllabus