La segunda ley de la termodinámica
1: La primera ley de la termodinámica piensa en grande, se refiere a
Operating segments are components of a business that are evaluated regularly by dedicated senior management utilizing financial and operational information prepared specifically for the segment for the purpose of assessing performance and allocating resources. Generally, financial information is required to be disclosed on the same basis that is used internally enabling investors to see the company through the eyes of management.
The management approach to segment reporting resulted in the identification of the following segments:
Exploration and Production, which is the same as Norsk Hydro’s current sub-segment, Energy and Oil Marketing, which is Norsk Hydro’s current sub-segment Energy and Oil Marketing less the power activities, and IS Partner, which is the IS/IT support functions serving primarily Norsk Hydro but also to some extent former Norsk Hydro units and other customers. Unallocated corporate cost consists primarily of the carved-out share of Norsk Hydro’s corporate cost.
Exploration and Production is responsible for Hydro Petroleum’s oil and gas exploration, field development, and operation of production and transportation facilities. Energy and Oil Marketing includes Hydro Petroleum’s commercial operations in the oil and natural gas markets, Hydro Petroleum’s share of natural gas transportation systems, as well as marketing and sale of refined petroleum products (gasoline, diesel and heating oil) to retail customers. Energy and Oil Marketing buys and/or markets almost all oil production from Exploration and Production, and sells the equity gas production on a commission basis.
Operating Segment Information
Hydro Petroleum’s segment reporting, presented in accordance with SFAS 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and related Information, includes two measures of segment results, ‘‘Operating Income’’ and
‘‘Adjusted EBITDA’’ which both are regularly reviewed by senior management. ‘‘Operating Income’’ is defined in accordance with the Norwegian Accounting Act, and is consistent with the same measure for the Group. The segment measures are an integral part of Norsk Hydro’s steering model. Management makes regular use of both these measures to evaluate performance in its operating segments, both in absolute terms and comparatively from period to period, and to allocate resources among its operating segments. Management views the combination of these measures, in combination with other reported measures, as providing a better understanding — for management and for investors — of the operating results of its business segments for the period under evaluation compared to relying on one of the measures.
Hydro Petroleum defines ‘‘Adjusted EBITDA’’ as ‘‘Income/(loss) before tax, interest expense, depreciation, amortization and write-downs’’. Adjusted EBITDA is a measure that includes in addition to ‘‘Operating income’’,
‘‘Interest income and other financial income’’, results from non-consolidated investees and gains and losses on sales of activities classified as ‘‘Other income, net’’ in the income statement. It excludes depreciation, write-downs and amortization, as well as amortization of excess values in non-consolidated investees. Hydro Petroleum’s definition of Adjusted EBITDA may differ from that of other companies. Specifically, Hydro Petroleum has chosen to include interest income in Adjusted EBITDA.
Norsk Hydro manages long-term debt and taxes on a Group basis. Therefore, net income is not presented for the segments.
Intersegment sales and transfers reflect arms length prices as if sold or transferred to third parties. Transfers of businesses or assets within or between Norsk Hydro’s segments are not considered to be intersegment sales, and are reported without recognizing gains or losses. Results of activities considered incidental to Hydro Petroleum’s main operations as well as unallocated revenues, expenses, liabilities and assets are reported separately under the caption ‘‘Corporate and eliminations’’. These amounts principally include interest income and expenses, realized and unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses and the net effect of pension schemes. In addition, elimination of gains and losses related to transactions between the operating segments are included in Corporate and Eliminations.
The accounting policies of the operating segments reflect those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in Note 1 to Hydro Petroleum’s carve-out combined financial statements, with the following exceptions: Certain internal commodity contracts may meet the definition of a derivative under SFAS 133.
However, Hydro Petroleum considers these contracts as sourcing of raw materials or sale of own production even though contracts for various reasons include clauses that meets the definition of a derivative. Such internal
HYDRO PETROLEUM
NOTES TO THE CARVE-OUT COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
contracts are accounted for as executory contracts. Also certain internal contracts may contain lease arrangements that qualify as capital leases. However, Norsk Hydro management has allocated the responsibility for assets to a segment, and this allocation is reflected in the segment reporting even though contract clauses may indicate that another segment leases the assets under a capital lease arrangement. Costs related to certain pension schemes covering more than one segment are allocated to the operating segments based on either a premium charged by the scheme (UK) or a charge based on estimated service cost (Norway). Any difference between these charges and pension expenses measured in accordance with GAAP is included in Corporate and Eliminations. Similarly, a pension liability or prepaid pension expense for these defined benefit plans is reported on an unallocated basis as part of Corporate and Elimination.
External revenues Internal revenues Total operating revenues
NOK million 2006 2005 2004 2006 2005 2004 2006 2005 2004
Exploration and Production 21,006 18,389 13,543 55,942 45,996 35,588 76,948 64,385 49,131 Energy and Oil Marketing** 72,688 60,820 50,227 2,094 5,006 2,984 74,781 65,826 53,211 IS Partner*************** 257 275 218 1,142 996 1,112 1,398 1,270 1,330 Corporate and Elimination1) 72 — — (58,062) (50,676) (37,435) (57,990) (50,676) (37,435) Total******************* 94,022 79,483 63,988 1,116 1,322 2,250 95,138 80,806 66,238
Depreciation, depletion and Operating income (loss)
amortization2) Other operating expenses before fin. and other income
NOK million 2006 2005 2004 2006 2005 2004 2006 2005 2004
Exploration and Production** 17,417 9,970 9,761 18,179 13,815 11,004 41,352 40,600 28,366 Energy and Oil Marketing*** 734 509 519 71,655 62,865 50,784 2,393 2,452 1,909
IS Partner**************** 51 39 35 1,295 1,144 1,248 52 87 47
Corporate and Elimination1)** — — — (58,610) (49,351) (36,891) 620 (1,325) (544) Total******************** 18,202 10,518 10,315 32,519 28,474 26,145 44,417 41,814 29,778
Equity in net income
non-consolidated Other income
investees (expense), net Adjusted EBITDA
NOK million 2006 2005 2004 2006 2005 2004 2006 2005 2004
Exploration and Production*************** 7 6 4 — — — 58,804 50,615 38,180 Energy and Oil Marketing*************** 196 97 71 53 66 58 3,490 3,173 2,603
IS Partner***************************** — — — — — — 103 126 82
Corporate and Elimination1)************** (2) (2) (2) — — — 617 (1,274) (594) Total********************************* 201 102 73 53 66 58 63,015 52,640 40,271 1) Eliminations Oil & Energy includes elimination of unrealized gains and losses on gas contracts with a gain of NOK 1,335 million in 2006,
loss of NOK 739 million in 2005 and gain of NOK 144 million in 2004.
2) Depreciation, depletion and amortization includes impairment losses.
Current Assets1) Non-current Assets Assets1)
NOK million 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005
Exploration and Production************** 16,174 14,871 87,839 87,556 85,816 82,718 Energy and Oil Marketing*************** 12,823 14,967 16,197 16,688 29,019 31,655
IS Partner **************************** 198 121 356 329 554 450
Corporate and Elimination*************** (3,238) (5,236) (2,201) (1,699) 12,757 12,774 Total********************************* 25,956 24,722 102,190 102,874 128,146 127,596
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NOTES TO THE CARVE-OUT COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Non-consolidated
investees2) Segment debt3) Investments4)
NOK million 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005
Exploration and Production******************** 54 52 12,177 10,101 20,742 33,852 Energy and Oil Marketing********************* 1,578 2,137 10,090 12,568 1,521 1,929
IS Partner ********************************** — — 190 207 62 76
Corporate and Elimination********************* 43 23 (4,185) (5,013) — — Total*************************************** 1,675 2,213 18,273 17,863 22,325 35,857
1) Current assets and assets exclude internal cash accounts and accounts receivables related to group relief.
2) Non-consolidated investees comprises investments and advances, see note 12.
3) Segment debt is defined as short-term interest from liabilities excluding income tax payable and short-term deferred tax liabilities.
4) Additions to property, plant and equipment plus long-term securities, intangible assets, long-term advances and investments in non-consolidated investees.
Assets Long-lived Assets Investments
Amounts in NOK million 2006 2005 2004 2006 2005 2004 2006 2005 2004
Norway************************* 90,280 86,731 79,428 71,606 68,909 65,451 13,372 12,329 9,894 Sweden************************* 2,492 2,511 2,468 435 418 460 99 66 77
The Netherlands****************** 850 2,147 1,577 255 666 780 — 1 4
Germany************************ 331 322 361 263 246 244 — 10 —
Denmark************************ 133 458 532 137 458 498 — 38 (17)
Great Britain********************* 62 161 58 37 38 2 26 62 8
France************************** 1 — — — — — — — —
Other*************************** 3 1 2 (1) — — — — —
Total EU************************ 3,872 5,600 4,998 1,126 1,826 1,984 125 176 71 Other Europe ******************** 1,125 1,358 1,574 859 1,127 1,324 90 43 168 Total Europe********************* 95,277 93,689 86,000 73,590 71,863 68,759 13,587 12,548 10,133 USA *************************** 17,866 24,434 1 12,106 19,564 — 2,959 20,995 — Africa ************************** 7,084 5,677 4,568 5,879 4,902 4,087 2,154 1,653 1,218 Canada ************************* 4,472 3,188 2,663 3,160 2,761 2,469 855 420 291
Other Americas ****************** 2,566 — — 2,395 — — 2,499 — —
Asia**************************** 880 609 334 647 437 199 271 241 158
Total outside Europe ************** 32,869 33,908 7,566 24,187 27,664 6,755 8,738 23,309 1,667 Total *************************** 128,146 127,596 93,566 97,777 99,527 75,514 22,325 35,857 11,800
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NOTES TO THE CARVE-OUT COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Operating revenues
NOK million 2006 2005 2004
Norway************************************************************ 11,390 17,604 20,024 Great Britain******************************************************** 24,511 23,293 17,603 Germany*********************************************************** 11,233 4,039 4,885 Sweden************************************************************ 5,611 6,513 4,800 The Netherlands***************************************************** 5,443 4,495 4,621 France************************************************************* 3,794 3,705 630 Italy*************************************************************** 3,776 1,567 1,315 Spain************************************************************** 554 310 1,540 Denmark*********************************************************** 306 5 14 Other************************************************************** 6,767 4,326 2,703 Total EU*********************************************************** 61,995 48,252 38,112 Switzerland********************************************************* 2,647 3,392 2,506 Other Europe******************************************************* 10 85 5 Total Europe******************************************************** 76,042 69,334 60,647 USA************************************************************** 8,328 1,725 1,712 Other Americas***************************************************** 7,221 6,249 588 Canada************************************************************ 2,692 2,796 3,007 Africa************************************************************* 843 684 271 Asia*************************************************************** 11 17 12 Australia and New Zealand******************************************** 1 1 1 Total outside Europe************************************************* 19,096 11,472 5,591 Total************************************************************** 95,138 80,806 66,238 The identification of assets, long-lived assets and investments is based upon location of operation. Included in long-lived assets are investments in non-consolidated investees; property, plant and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation) and non-current financial assets.
Operating revenues are identified by customer location.
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NOTES TO THE CARVE-OUT COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS