PROBLEMÁTICA DOCTRINARIA DE LA APLICACIÓN DEL

The municipality of The Hague is the actor that constructs policies for the problem of radicalization. Therefore, there are only documents of the municipality of The Hague selected to say something about this factor of COP. In their documents they mention a lot of key stakeholders with whom they are working to prevent people to radicalize and to prosecute the people that already have radicalized and commit punishable acts. In one document (2015) the municipality of The Hague explains their local approach as a mix between soft and tough measures. These measures can be translated into three broad approaches. The first one is to intervene repressively. The municipality have to do this if someone in a community is a danger for the whole society. The second one is specific prevention. This measure deals with the prevention of radicalization, stimulates de-radicalization and stops people from travelling to Syria or Iraq. The third measure is the general prevention. This measure is meant to create a society in which there is no place for radicalization. The breeding ground for terrorism and radicalization has to vanish and there should be more social resilience in society (Gemeente Den Haag, 2015). To implement these measures, cooperation between wide varieties of key stakeholders is necessary. One element of the repressive interventions is the person-oriented approach within the municipality of The Hague. All the people within this region that are suspects when it comes to radicalization are discussed in the safety house Haaglanden (Veiligheidshuis Haaglanden 2014, Gemeente Den Haag 2015). The safety house Haaglanden is very important for the practical implementation of the repressive interventions. The main element in this person-oriented approach is that the safety house works together with local partners to construct a personalized plan for a radicalized person or a person that might possibly radicalize in the near future. It is important to know that the police, youth workers, social workers, the council for children protection, the youth care desk and probation services on a local level deal with the selection of the suspects. These

actors are eventually responsible for the selection of people that are discussed in the safety house (Gemeente Den Haag, 2015). After this selection, there are consultations with the different actors in which the suspects and the developments around the suspects are discussed. The ultimate aim of the safety house and this person-oriented approach is to reduce the terroristic threat in the Netherlands and to reduce the support for the jihadi-movement (Veiligheidshuis, 2014). This aim connects perfectly with the first and second measure that is constructed by the municipality of The Hague. The last measure of the municipality of The Hague is mentioned to create more resilience against radicalization in society. In documents of the municipality of The Hague students and pupils of education institutions in The Hague, vulnerable young people, women organizations, key figures and all people in The Hague are mentioned as actors with whom the municipality of The Hague wants to cooperate to increase the resilience (Gemeente Den Haag 2014, Gemeente Den Haag 2016). An example of a women organization is Oumnia works. Examples of some other programs are to educate people on primary schools on the core values of our Dutch society, organize meetings with mosques and create a counter narrative towards radical ideas, intensify the relationship with key figures in a community and use women organizations as an important actor to prevent radicalization (Gemeente Den Haag, 2014). The documents show that there are a wide variety of actors and stakeholders that together deal with the problem of radicalization in The Hague. The police have to cooperate with these actors on a local level to make a difference in the fight against radicalization.

All the respondents are asked if they cooperate with actors and relevant key stakeholders in the community. They are also asked to describe the cooperation with these actors and stakeholders. Is there a good cooperation? All the respondents answered positively to the question if they work together with actors and relevant key stakeholders. All the actors that are mentioned in the documents also come back in the results of the interviews. They stress the importance of the cooperation with actors and stakeholders on a local level. They argue that the cooperation with key figures, mosques, youth workers and schools are more relevant and important than the cooperation with professional organizations. Examples of this cooperation are that respondents mention meetings at schools in a neighbourhood, frequently visitations to mosques and the frequent consultations with youth workers in the community. The second question shows other results. In the first place, all respondents indicated that there is a good cooperation with the professional organizations (local council, housing

organizations etc.) on a local level. Information is shared and they can work really well together. The respondents show a slightly different opinion when they are asked to the cooperation with youth workers and mosques. According to the majority of the respondents, the main difficulty is the difference in culture between them as Dutch NP’s and the Muslim culture. The communication is difficult, because their community is closed and mosques and youth workers vaguely express their opinions. Therefore, it is difficult to share information with these actors. Trust is the key issue in these problems. NP’s are aware of this issue and need to have a connection that is based on trust to cooperate with these actors. However, the respondents stress that these trust issues have to be restored on two sides. The NP’s themselves also play a part in the creation of these trust issues. An example is that they are not always careful to process information. The consequence is that it could have serious consequences for their relationship with mosques and youth workers. A last difficulty has to do with a conflict of interests between these actors and the police. One example of a conflict of interest is mentioned by respondent III. She argues that youth workers sometimes only care about the money they can earn with their work. If that is the case, they do not match with the goals and ambitions of the police. The majority of the respondents agree that these problems are really problematic for their daily work to prevent people from radicalization. They need these actors to successfully prevent people from radicalization.

In short, there are a lot of actors that cooperate with each other to deal with the problem of radicalization. However, the interviews show that the cooperation with certain actors does not always work that well and it could have serious implications for the implementation of radicalization programs of the municipality of The Hague.