LAS PyMEs y SU DESARROLLO
E. Reestructuración de pasivos
2.5.11 Problemas crediticios
English: Heldi Tobijah Jedaiah Hen Zephaniah Josiah Zephaniah Helem Joshua Jehozedek Zerubabbal Shialtiel
Hebrew:
ידלה היבוט היעדי ןה הינפצ הישאי הינפצ םלה עשוהי קדצוהי לבברז לאיתלאש
Strong’s: age good news grace preparedYahweh foundation
Yahweh has hidden
pierced
one salvation cleanses
The Lord overflows or infills
God’s charge laid up
Inscription:
Yahweh has prepared the age of the Gospel (good news) of grace, hidden from the foundation of the world, that by the pierced one’s salvation, we should be cleansed from the charge God laid up against us and infilled with the Lord’s (spirit).
Note, we have added Zerubabbal’s last name. We did not know that his last name was Shialtiel. It is not given in the book of Zechariah, but we find it in the second chapter of the book of Haggai. We can see, then, that the seven-sided stone represents the church age. But why is it divided into seven sections?
Because the church age, itself, will be divided into seven periods of time. This information was hidden until the Apostle John wrote Revelation chapters two and three.
The seven churches of Revelation are indeed seven literal churches. Their problems were problems we need to identify in our churches today. We can find representatives of each church in our world today.
But these also show a pattern for seven ages of church history. In the early days of the church, cultic groups, called Gnostics, brought errors into the church. Revelation 2 and 3 will explain what the major problems were in each age of the church. Using these two chapters and the church fathers, we will build a list of errors that the apostate church will accept toward the end of the church age. We will then add to that list what Paul and John says, in the New Testament, will be errors in the last days. This will give us a master chart of 101 points.
Ages of the Church
Hate
Synagogue of Satan 10 days
Balaamite stumbling block
Idols Jezebel & her children
Remove idols
Missionary
Lukewarn
Nicolaitans
Antipas
“against all”
adopt Nicolaitan doctrine Toleration
Dead ritual
Come as a thief
Synagogue of Satan bows
Kept from Tribulation church
The chart above shows the seven churches from the second and third chapters of the book of Revelation. Each church age is listed by name with the Greek meaning listed under the name in italics.
The dates are also given showing when that age of the church took place. The heresies of each age are listed underneath so we can begin to see the major points of the apostasy as they happened.
Please carefully study Revelation chapters two and three. The first thing we want to notice is Antipas is the faithful servant of God in Smyrna. The word “Antipas” is made up of two Greek words, “anti”
meaning “against” and “pas” meaning “all.” So Antipas reminds us that a faithful servant of God will be against all the heresies mentioned in the seven churches. We will list these as the major points of the apostasy of the church. Lets look at each problem one by one.
AD 32 Ephesus – The Nicolaitans
Nicolaitan Error
Fornication Adultery Homosexuality Chambering Weekly confession Participate in Pagan rituals Christian demon possession Use of Idols
Tolerance/Ecumenicism
This is the apostolic age of the church dating from its creation in AD 32 through the death of the apostle John in AD 120. It concluded at the Bar Kokhba rebellion in 132. Notice this age overlaps with the second age and corresponds to the First Crossover Period. The First Crossover Period is the period of the church age when Israel still existed as a nation. This spans the time between AD 32 and AD 132.
The Ephesus church hated the Nicolaitans and got rid of the false apostles who started the Gnostic cults, but in the process they lost their first love. It is important for the church to be intolerant of sin and hunt down and excommunicate heretics; but other things are equally important. The church fathers teach Nicolaitan characteristics include: fornication (both heterosexual and homosexual) practiced, then forgiven in a confession ritual on a weekly basis (on the eighth day). Nicolaitans used idols and participated in pagan rituals, which also means they tolerated ungodly things. The idea that food had to be exorcised before it was eaten was based on the idea that a Christian could be demon possessed. They taught they had a special way of exorcizing meat offered to idols so that if a Christian ate it they would not become demon-possessed. In other words, they believed Christains could be possessed by demons, which is an error.
“This sect took its name after Nicolas one of the seven deacons of Acts (although Nicolas had nothing to do with them). Influenced by the Gnostics they began practicing adultery and eating meat offered to idols in order to prove they had conquered their flesh.” Eusebieus 3.29; Ireneaus, Against All Heresies, 3:11
“The works of the Nicolaitans were in that time false and troublesome men, who, as ministers
under the name of Nicolas, had made for themselves a heresy, to the effect that what had been offered to idols might be exorcised and eaten, and that whoever should have committed fornication might receive peace on the eighth day.”
Victorinus Commentary on the Apocalypse 2.6
Ten Persecutions
1. Nero 64-68 2. Domitian 95-96 3. Trajan 100-115 4. Aurelius 168-177 5. Severus 203-210 6. Maxinin 235-237 7. Decius 250-255 8. Valerian 257-260 9. Aurelian 276
10. Diocletian 303-310
AD 64 Smyrna – The Synagogue of Satan
This second age dates from AD 64 to AD 312. Notice this time period overlaps with the first church age, the time of the apostles. Smyrna would be under persecution ten days (or periods of time). This predicts that in the second church age there would be ten major persecutions. These are listed on the next page, for your convenience. This proves the Smyrnan age existed from AD 64 to 312. Therefore, the Ephesian age overlapped it, spanning from AD 32 to 132. So what was the Synagogue of Satan?
You might be surprised to find out there are two types of the Synagogue of Satan. They are the ones that
“say they are Jews but are not.” The Synagogue of Satan always tries to say that the church has replaced Israel. This was done in two ways.
Judaizing Christians – Legalism/Ebionites
The Judaizers said that since the church has replaced Israel, the church has to observe the Mosaic Law.
We call this “legalism” or “Judaising.” This type insisted that believers must be circumcised, not eat pork, and keep the Sabbath. Paul, in Titus 1:10-11, stated that people who teach this kind of theology
“must be silenced!” These are the ones that forced the formation of the first Jerusalem Council, recorded in Acts 15, to create a decree that the Mosaic Law has nothing to do with salvation.
Replacement Theology
By the third century the Jewish form of legalism had long vanished. All that was left was Replacement Theology. The church began to think they did not have to observe the Mosaic Law, but since it had replaced Israel, it inherited all of her blessings. The prophecies that would have been fulfilled by Israel were now thought to be fulfilled by the church. If it was not possible for the church to fulfill the prophecies, then they were spiritualized away. This doctrine denies that God would bring Israel back in the last days and completely opposes the pre-millennial teaching of the First and Second Century Church Fathers. See Pergamos below for a full discussion on Amillennialism.
Ebionites
Synagogue of Satan
Jesus not God Jesus not Son of God Jesus not virgin born Salvation by good works Must keep Sabbath Must keep food laws Must be circumcised Reject some Scripture Vegetarianism Church Replaced Israel Baptismal Regeneration
Oaths of poverty
After the Jerusalem Council, in Acts 15, some broke away refusing to accept the resolution of the council. They claimed Jesus was Messiah, but taught the following: (Eusebius’ Church History, 6:17 and Ireneaus’ Against All Heresies, 1:26, 3:11, & 5:1)
1. Denied the divinity and virgin birth of Jesus. Taught Mary and Joseph were Jesus’ physical
parents.
2. Jesus was not the Son of God.
3. Observance of the ceremonial law was altogether necessary for salvation.
4. One couldn’t be saved by faith in Christ alone.
5. Practiced circumcision, and observed the Law of Moses, and the Judaic style of life.
6. Refused to acknowledge that Jesus pre-existed.
7. Strictly observed all the points of the Mosaic Law.
8. Reproached Christians for eating unclean meats.
9. They used only the so-called Gospel according to the Hebrews (some say the Hebrew version
of Matthew). Rarely made use of the other Gospels.
10. Rejected all the Epistles of the apostle Paul, whom they called an apostate from the law.
11. Stated Isaiah’s prophecy that a “virgin” would conceive should be translated “young woman.”
The Apostle John would not even enter a bathhouse when the Gnostic Cerinthus was inside because Cerinthus taught Jesus was just a man, born of Joseph and Mary. (Ireneaus' Against All Heresies, 3:11) Eusebius says their doctrines were spawned by evil demons. Those who believe Ebionite doctrine are not Christians. Ignatius, in Smyraeans 7, said those who don’t believe the Passover refers to Jesus’ death on the cross are not Christians and we should not even speak to them.
A subgroup developed that added these doctrines to the above:
1. Did not deny that the Lord was born of a virgin and of the Holy Spirit, but they did deny the
divinity of Jesus.
2. They observed the Sabbath and the rest of the Jewish lifestyle, but also celebrated the Lord's
Day as a memorial of the Resurrection of the Savior.
3. Some also practiced oaths of poverty and vegetarianism.
Later a full Gnostic sect developed that: (Ireneaus' Against All Heresies, 1:26, 3:11, & 5:1 and the Pseudo-Clementines)
1. Rejected any distinction between Jehovah the Demiurge, and the supreme good God.
2. Taught matter is eternal, and an emanation of the Deity
3. Taught the Son of God or Christ is a middle-being between God and creation, not a creature, yet
not equal to, nor even to be compared with, the Father
4. Taught that man is saved by knowledge (gnosis), by believing in God the Teacher, and by being
baptized unto remission of sins.
5. This system is Pantheism, Persian Dualism, Judaism, and Christianity fused together.
Tertullian states the founder of the Ebionite sect was named Ebion. Epipanius traces their origin to the Christians who fled to Pella after the destruction of the Temple at Jerusalem in 69-70AD. He also adds that some of them held the belief that Adam was an incarnation of Jesus. Ebionites were found all over Israel and the surrounding region, Cyprus, Asia Minor and even a far away as Rome. Ebionites seemed to have died out about the fifth century. In reaction to these kinds of Gnostics the Third and Fourth Century Church Fathers (early catholic fathers) fully developed “Replacement Theology” which completely goes against the pre-millennial teachings of the First and Second Century Fathers.
The following references list the sources from where we get our information on the Ebionites:
1. Irenaeus Against Heresies 1.26 2. Irenaeus Against Heresies 4.21
3. Irenaeus Against Heresies 5.1
4. Tertullian Against Marcion 1.33 5. Hippolytus Against Heresies 7.22
6. Origen Comm. Matthew 6.12
7. Origen Cel. 5.61 8. Origen Cel. 5.65
9. Irenaeus Against Heresies 3.11