PRODUCTOS MÚLTIPLES

The second executive task was extracted from 7 items of the original set of twenty-nine executive tasks that the researcher specifically had compiled for the purpose of the study. This specific trait was designated Future -Oriented Actions. The original executive task items that grounded this principle component were:

Creativity, Transformation, Strategic Planning II, Succession Planning II, Creativity and Vision, Strategic Implementation, and Long-Term Planning.

The results of the 2 x 2 x 3 analysis of variance of the task trait labelled Future-Oriented Actions appear in Table 9.5.

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The descriptive statistics of the three biographical variables were as follows: Executives with Long-Term Contracts: 12.82 ± 2.33, and n = 76 Executives with Short-Term Contracts: 11.19 ± 2.60, and n = 52 Male executives: 12.14 ± 2.28, and n = 86

Female executives: 12.20 ± 3.09, and n = 42

Executives in the Age Cohort Group 21-40 years: 12.36 ± 2.45, and n = 54 Executives in the Age Cohort Group 41-50 years: 12.05 ± 2.55, and n = 41 Executives in the Age Cohort Group > 50 years: 11.95 ± 2.79, and n = 33 Male executives with Long-Term Contracts: 12.63 ± 1.96, and n = 53 Female executives with Short-Term Contracts: 13.24 ± 3.03, and n = 23 Male executives with Short-Term Contracts: 11.34 ± 2.54, and n = 33 Female executives with Long-Term Contracts: 10.94 ± 2.75, and n = 19

Executives with Long-Term Contracts in Age Cohort Group 21-40 years: 13.44 ± 2.03, and n = 29

Executives with Long-Term Contracts in Age Cohort Group 41-50 years: 12.61 ± 2.15, and n = 27

Executives with Long-Term Contracts in Age Cohort Group > 50 years: 12.20 ± 2.84, and n = 20

Executives with Short-Term Contracts in Age Cohort Group 21-40 years: 11.12 ± 2.34, and n = 25

Executives with Short-Term Contracts in Age Cohort Group 41-50 years: 10.98 ± 3.00, and n = 14 Exec utives with Short - Term Contr acts in Age Coho rt Grou p > 50 years : 11.57 ± 2.80, and n = 13

Type III Sum Degrees of Mean Level of

Source of Squares Freedom Square F Ratio Significance

Corrected Model 149.929 11 13.630 2.312 0.013 Intercept 10 972.808 1 10 972.808 1 861.417 0.000

Contract Term 34.526 1 34.526 5.857 0.017

Gender 1.299 1 1.299 0.220 0.640

Age Cohort Group 22.976 2 11.488 1.949 0.147 Contract * Gender 0.102 1 0.102 0.017 0.896

Contract * Age 15.773 2 7.887 1.338 0.266

Gender * Age 34.997 2 17.499 2.968 0.055

Contract * Gender *

Age Cohort Group 9.680 2 4.840 0.821 0.442

Error Factor 683.805 116 5.895

Total Sum of

Squares 19 750.974 128 Corrected Sum of

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Male executives in Age Cohort Group 21-40 years: 12.40 ± 1.94, and n = 25 Male executives in Age Cohort Group 41-50 years: 12.37 ± 2.19, and n = 33 Male executives in Age Cohort Group > 50 years: 11.63 ± 2.63, and n = 28 Female executives in Age Cohort Group 21-40 years: 12.33 ± 2.85, and n = 29 Female executives in Age Cohort Group 41-50 years: 10.73 ± 3.59, and n = 8 Female executives in Age Cohort Group > 50 years: 13.74 ± 3.32, and n = 5 The observed arithmetic means varied minimally, with 10.73 being the lowest

and 13.74 the highest mean scores while the standard deviations ranged from 1.94 to 3.59. A subjective appraisal pointed to aggregates of mean scores, as measured by the seven subscales that clustered to form the trait Future-Oriented Actions, with homogeneity of variance. The mean-standard deviation ratios were realistic.

The following one-way analyses of variance examined the dependent variable Future- Oriented Actions. This research intervention produced the first noteworthy main effect of the current study. Contrast 1: The means of the two categories of Length of Contract Term

differed statistically significant. The F ratio of 5.857 exceeded the F critical value of 3.91 for 1

and 127 degrees of freedom, with a level of significance of p = 0.017 was less than α = 0.05. The group mean on the trait Future-Oriented Actions that was generated for executives who negotiated Long-Term Contracts (12.82, n = 76) was significantly higher than that of executives who had entered into Short-Term Contracts (11.19, n = 52); Contrast 2: The observed F ratio of 0.220 for the main effect Gender that appears in Table 9.5 was

insignificant as it was smaller than the F critical value while its level of significance of 0.640

exceeded the p = 0.05 limit; Contrast 3: The Age Cohort Group comparison produced a F ratio of 1.949 was lower than the F critical value with an associated probability level of 0.147

that exceeded the predetermined level of significance of 0.05. This contrast was

insignificant; Interpretation: The arithmetic mean of executives with Short-Term Contracts was significantly lower than that of executives with Long-Term Contracts. Executives with

Long-Term Contracts were more inclined to engage in Future-Oriented Actions than executives with Short-Term Contracts were. All remaining analyses of main effects produced

insignificant results.

The analysis of two-way interactions generated the following statistical outcomes: Contrast 4: The Length of Contract Term x Gender contrast produced a F ratio of 0.017 that was less than the F critical value, had a probability of 0.896 in excess of p = 0.05. The outcome was statistically insignificant; Contrast 5: The Contract Term x Age Cohort Group comparison generated a F ratio of 1.338 that was insignificant as it was less than the F critical value and

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Cohort Group contrast yielded a F ratio of 2.968 with an associated probability of 0.055. This F ratio was smaller than the F critical value and its level of significance minimally exceeded the

probability level of 0.05. The outcome of contrast 6 thus was insignificant. Interpretation: The three contrasts did not detect any significant differences. The significance level of 0.055 reported for the Gender by Age Cohort Group interaction approximated the level of probability of 0.05. This statistic implied that replication of the study with adequate sampling was likely to produce a statistically significant Gender by Age Cohort Group contrast.

The three-way interaction examined the Length of Contract Term x Gender x Age Cohort Group relationship. Contrast 7: The calculation produced a F ratio of 0.821 that was less than the F critical value while its level of significance of 0.442 exceeded the probability level of

0.05. The result was insignificant. Interpretation: The three-way interaction did not produce

any noteworthy research data.