Capítulo 5: Propuestas de solución
5.2. Propuesta 2: Solución ad hoc con Power BI
pany restructuring (NOTE: [all senses] The US term is bridge loan.)
bring down /briŋ daυn/ phrasal verb to reduce 쑗 Petrol companies have brought
down the price of oil.
bring forward /briŋ fɔwəd/ phrasal verb
1. to make something take place earlier 쑗 to
bring forward the date of repayment 쑗 The
date of the next meeting has been brought forward to March. 2. to take an account bal- ance from the end of the previous period as the starting point for the current period 쑗
Balance brought forward: £365.15
bring in /briŋ in/ phrasal verb to earn an amount of interest 쑗 The shares bring in a
small amount.
British Accounting Association
British Accounting Association /britiʃ ə|kaυntiŋ ə|səυsieiʃ(ə)n/ an organisation whose aim is to promote accounting education and research in the United Kingdom. F. Abbreviation BAA
broker
broker /brəυkə/ noun a dealer who acts as a middleman between a buyer and a seller
brokerage
brokerage /brəυkərid/ noun 1. same as
broker’s commission 2. same as broking
brokerage firm
brokerage firm /brəυkərid fm/, bro-
kerage house /brəυkərid haυs/ noun a firm which buys and sells shares for clients
broker-dealer
broker-dealer /brəυkə dilə/ noun a dealer who buys shares and holds them for resale, and also deals on behalf of investor clients
broker’s commission
broker’s commission /brəυkəz kə|
miʃ(ə)n/ noun the payment to a broker for a deal which he or she has carried out. Also called brokerage (NOTE: Formerly, the com- mission charged by brokers on the London Stock Exchange was fixed, but since 1986, commissions have been variable.)
broking
broking /brəυkiŋ/ noun the business of dealing in stocks and shares
brought down
brought down /brɔt dυn/, brought
forward /brɔt fɔwəd/ adjective used to describe the balance in an account from the previous period when it is taken as the start- ing point for the current period 쑗 balance
brought down or forward: £365.15 Abbrevi-
ation b/d, b/f
B/S
B/S abbreviation balance sheet
B shares
B shares /bi ʃeəz/ plural noun ordinary shares with special voting rights, often owned by the founder of a company and his or her family. See Comment at A shares
buck
buck /bk/ noun US a dollar (informal)
budget
budget /bdit/ noun 1. a plan of expected spending and income for a period of time 쑗 to draw up a budget for salaries
for the coming year 쑗 We have agreed on the
budgets for next year. 2.
왍
the Budget the annual plan of taxes and government spend- ing 쑗 The minister put forward a budgetaimed at boosting the economy.쐽 verb to plan probable income and expenditure 쑗 We
are budgeting for $10,000 of sales next year.
‘…he budgeted for further growth of 150,000 jobs (or 2.5 per cent) in the cur- rent financial year’ [Sydney Morning Her-
ald]
‘…the Federal government’s budget tar- gets for employment and growth are within reach according to the latest fig- ures’ [Australian Financial Review]
budget account
budget account /bdit ə|kaυnt/ noun a bank account where you plan income and
budgetary 30
expenditure to allow for periods when expenditure is high, by paying a set amount each month
budgetary
budgetary /bdit(ə)ri/ adjective refer- ring to a budget
budgetary control
budgetary control /bdit(ə)ri kən|
trəυl/ noun controlled spending according to a planned budget
budgetary policy
budgetary policy /bdit(ə)ri pɒlisi/ noun the policy of planning income and expenditure
budgetary requirements
budgetary requirements /bdit(ə)ri ri|kwaiəməntz/ plural noun the rate of spending or income required to meet the budget forecasts
budgetary slack
budgetary slack /bdit(ə)ri slk/ noun a deliberate underestimation of income and overestimation of costs, designed to allow for budgetary emergen- cies or to make targets more easily attainable
budget centre
budget centre /bdit sentə/ noun a part of an organisation for which a separate budget is prepared
budget committee
budget committee /bdit kə|miti/ noun the group within an organisation responsible for drawing up budgets that meet departmental requirements, ensuring they comply with policy, and then submit- ting them to the board of directors
budget control
budget control /bdit kən|trəυl/ noun the monitoring of a company’s actual per- formance against its expected performance as detailed in a budget plan
Budget Day
Budget Day /bdit dei/ noun the day when the Chancellor of the Exchequer presents the budget to Parliament. This is usually in March, but with an advance budget statement in November.
budget deficit
budget deficit /bdit defisit/ noun 1. a deficit in a country’s planned budget, where income from taxation will not be suf- ficient to pay for the government’s expendi- ture 2. a deficit in personal finances where a household will borrow to finance large pur- chases which cannot be made out of income alone
budget department
budget department /bdit di|
pɑtmənt/ noun a department in a large store which sells cheaper goods
budget director
budget director /bdit dai|rektə/ noun the person in an organisation who is responsible for running the budget system
budgeted balance sheet
budgeted balance sheet /bditid bləns ʃit/ noun a statement of com- pany’s estimated financial position at the end of a budgetary year
budgeted capacity
budgeted capacity /bditid kə|
psiti/ noun an organisation’s available
output level for a budget period according to the budget. It may be expressed in different ways, e.g., in machine hours or standard hours.
budgeted income statement
budgeted income statement /bditid inkm steitmənt/ noun a statement of a company’s expected net income in a budgetary period
budgeted revenue
budgeted revenue /bditid
revənju/ noun the income that an organi- sation expects to receive in a budget period according to the budget
budget information
budget information /bdit
infəmeiʃ(ə)n/ noun information about a company’s expected future levels of income and expenditure
budgeting
budgeting /bditiŋ/ noun the prepara- tion of budgets to help plan expenditure and income
budgeting models
budgeting models /bditiŋ
mɒd(ə)lz/ plural noun mathematical mod- els used in the planning of a budget and designed to generate a profit
budget lapsing
budget lapsing /bdit lpsiŋ/ noun withdrawal by an authority of the unspent portion of an organization’s budget allow- ance at the time the budget period expires
budget manual
budget manual /bdit mnjuəl/ noun a handbook or set of documents that detail budgetary procedure for a company or organisation
budget period
budget period /bdit piəriəd/ noun a period of time covered by a budget
budget planning calendar
budget planning calendar /bdit plniŋ klində/ noun a schedule show- ing plans for the preparation of an organisa- tion’s master budget and the departmental budgets that depend on it, which usually takes several months
budget report
budget report /bdit ri|pɔt/ noun a report that compares a company’s actual performance with its budgeted performance for a given period
budget surplus
budget surplus /bdit spləs/ noun a situation where there is more revenue than was planned for in the budget
budget variance
budget variance /bdit veəriəns/ noun the difference between the cost as esti- mated for a budget and the actual cost
buffer stocks
buffer stocks /bfə stɒks/ plural noun stocks of a commodity bought by an interna- tional body when prices are low and held for resale at a time when prices have risen, with the intention of reducing sharp fluctuations in world prices of the commodity
build into /bild intu/ phrasal verb to in- clude something in something which is be- ing set up 쑗 You must build all the forecasts
31 business expenses
into the budget.
build up /bild p/ phrasal verb 1. to create something by adding pieces together 쑗 She
bought several shoe shops and gradually built up a chain. 2. to expand something gradually 쑗 to build up a profitable business
쑗 to build up a team of sales representatives
building and loan association
building and loan association /bildiŋ ən ləυn ə|səυsieiʃ(ə)n/ noun US same as building society
building society
building society /bildiŋ sə|saiəti/ noun a financial institution which accepts and pays interest on deposits, and lends money to people who are buying property against the security of the property which is being bought 쑗 We put our savings into a building
society or into a building society account. 쑗
I have an account with the Nationwide Building Society. 쑗 I saw the building soci-
ety manager to ask for a mortgage. (NOTE: The US term is savings and loan.)
buildup
buildup /bildp/ noun a gradual increase
쑗 a buildup in sales or a sales buildup 쑗
There has been a buildup of complaints about customer service.
built-in obsolescence
built-in obsolescence /bilt in ɒbsə|
les(ə)ns/ noun a method of ensuring con- tinuing sales of a product by making it in such a way that it will soon become obsolete
bulk buying
bulk buying /blk baiiŋ/ noun the act of buying large quantities of goods at low prices
bullet bond
bullet bond /bυlit bɒnd/ noun US a Eurobond which is only redeemed when it is mature (NOTE: Bullet bonds are used in pay- ments between central banks and also act as currency backing.)
Bulletin des Annonces Légales Obligatoires
Bulletin des Annonces Légales Obligatoires /bυlətn deiz |nɒns lei|
l ɒbli|twɑ/ noun in France, an offi- cial bulletin in which companies make for- mal announcements to shareholders as required by law. Abbreviation BALO
bullet loan
bullet loan /bυlit ləυn/ noun US a loan which is repaid in a single payment
bullion
bullion /bυliən/ noun a gold or silver bars
쑗 A shipment of gold bullion was stolen
from the security van. 쑗 The price of bullion
is fixed daily.
bumping
bumping /bmpiŋ/ noun US a lay-off procedure that allows an employee with greater seniority to displace a more junior employee 쑗 The economic recession led to
extensive bumping in companies where only the most qualified were retained for some jobs. 쑗 The trade unions strongly objected
to bumping practices since they considered
that many employees were being laid off unfairly.
Bundesfinanzhof
Bundesfinanzhof /bυndəzfi|
nntshɒf/ noun the German Federal Finance Court
business
business /biznis/ noun 1. work in buy- ing, selling, or doing other things to make a profit 쑗 We do a lot of business with Japan.
쑗 Business is slow. 쑗 We did more business
in the week before Christmas than we usu- ally do in a month. 쑗 What’s your line of
business? 2. a commercial company 쑗 He
owns a small car repair business. 쑗 She runs
a business from her home. 쑗 I set up in busi-
ness as an insurance broker. 3. the affairs discussed 쑗 The main business of the meet-
ing was finished by 3 p.m.
Business Accounting Deliberation Council
Business Accounting Deliberation Council /biznis ə|kaυntiŋ di|libə|
reiʃ(ə)n kaυns(ə)l/ noun in Japan, a com- mittee controlled by the Ministry of Finance that is responsible for drawing up regula- tions regarding the consolidated financial statements of listed companies
business address
business address /biznis ə|dres/ noun the details of number, street, and city or town where a company is located
business angel
business angel /biznis eindəl/ noun a wealthy entrepreneurial individual who invests money, usually less money than a venture capitalist, in a company in return for equity and some control in that company
business angel network
business angel network /biznis eindəl netwk/ noun a regional net- work of business angels
business centre
business centre /biznis sentə/ noun the part of a town where the main banks, shops and offices are located
business combination
business combination /biznis kɒmbi|neiʃ(ə)n/ noun the process in which one or more businesses become sub- sidiaries of another business
business cycle
business cycle /biznis saik(ə)l/ noun the period during which trade expands, slows down and then expands again. Also called trade cycle
business day
business day /biznis dei/ noun a week- day when banks and stock exchanges are open for business
business entity concept
business entity concept /biznis entiti kɒnsept/ noun the concept that financial accounting information relates only to the activities of the business and not to the activities of its owner(s)
business expenses
business expenses /biznis ik|
spensiz/ plural noun money spent on run- ning a business, not on stock or assets
business hours 32 business hours
business hours /biznis aυəz/ plural noun the time when a business is open, usu- ally 9.00 a.m. to 5.30 p.m.
business intelligence
business intelligence /biznis in|
telid(ə)ns/ noun information that may be useful to a business when it is planning its strategy
‘…a system that enables its employees to use cell phones to access the consulting firm’s business information database.’ [InformationWeek]
business name
business name /biznis neim/ noun a name used by a company for trading pur- poses
business plan
business plan /biznis pln/ noun a document drawn up to show how a business is planned to work, with cash flow forecasts, sales forecasts, etc., often used when trying to raise a loan, or when setting up a new business
business property relief
business property relief /biznis prɒpəti ri|lif/ noun in the United King- dom, a reduction in the amount liable to inheritance tax on certain types of business property
business ratepayer
business ratepayer /biznis reitpeiə/ noun a business which pays local taxes on a shop, office, factory, etc.
business rates
business rates /biznis reits/ plural noun in the United Kingdom, a tax on busi- nesses calculated on the value of the prop- erty occupied. Although the rate of tax is set by central government, the tax is collected the local authority.
business review
business review /biznis ri|vju/ noun a report on business carried out over the past year. It forms part of the directors’ report.
business segment
business segment /biznis semənt/ noun a section of a company which can be distinguished from the rest of the company by its own revenue and expenditure
business transaction
business transaction /biznis trn|
zkʃən/ noun an act of buying or selling
business travel
business travel /biznis trv(ə)l/ noun travel costs incurred in the course of work, as opposed to private travel or daily travel to your usual place of work
buy
buy /bai/ verb to get something by paying money 쑗 to buy wholesale and sell retail 쑗
to buy for cash 쑗 She bought 10,000 shares.
쑗 The company has been bought by its lead-
ing supplier. (NOTE: buying – bought)
buy back /bai bk/ phrasal verb to buy something which you sold earlier 쑗 She sold
the shop last year and is now trying to buy it back.
buy in /bai in/ phrasal verb 1. (of a seller at an auction) to buy the thing which you are trying to sell because no one will pay the price you want 2. to buy stock to cover a po- sition 3. (of a company) to buy its own shares
buyback
buyback /baibk/ noun 1. a type of loan agreement to repurchase bonds or securities at a later date for the same price as they are being sold 2. an international trading agree- ment where a company builds a factory in a foreign country and agrees to buy all its pro- duction
‘…the corporate sector also continued to return cash to shareholders in the form of buy-backs, while raising little money in the form of new or rights issues’ [Finan-
cial Times]
buyer
buyer /baiə/ noun 1. a person who buys 2.
a person who buys stock on behalf of a trad- ing organisation for resale or for use in pro- duction
buyer’s market
buyer’s market /baiəz mɑkit/ noun a market where products are sold cheaply because there are few people who want to buy them. Opposite seller’s market
buying department
buying department /baiiŋ di|
pɑtmənt/ noun the department in a com- pany which buys raw materials or goods for use in the company (NOTE: The US term is
purchasing department.)
buying power
buying power /baiiŋ paυə/ noun an assessment of an individual’s or organiza- tion’s disposable income regarded as confer- ring the power to make purchases 쑗 The
buying power of the dollar has fallen over the last five years.
buyout
buyout /baiaυt/ noun the purchase of a controlling interest in a company
‘…we also invest in companies whose growth and profitability could be improved by a management buyout’ [Times]
‘…in a normal leveraged buyout, the acquirer raises money by borrowing against the assets or cash flow of the target company’ [Fortune]
bylaw
bylaw /bailɔ/ noun a rule made by a local authority or organisation, and not by central government
by-product
by-product /bai prɒdkt/ noun a sec- ondary product made as a result of manufac- turing a main product which can be sold for profit
C
CA
CA abbreviation chartered accountant
c/a
c/a abbreviation capital account
C/A
C/A abbreviation current account
calculate
calculate /klkjυleit/ verb 1. to find the answer to a problem using numbers 쑗 The
bank clerk calculated the rate of exchange for the dollar. 2. to estimate 쑗 I calculate
that we have six months’ stock left.
calculation
calculation /klkjυ|leiʃ(ə)n/ noun the answer to a problem in mathematics 쑗
According to my calculations, we have six months’ stock left.
왍
we are £20,000 out inour calculations we have made a mistake in
our calculations and arrived at a figure which is £20,000 too much or too little
calendar variance
calendar variance /klində veəriəns/ noun variance which occurs if a company uses calendar months for the financial accounts but uses the number of actual working days to calculate overhead expenses in the cost accounts
calendar year
calendar year /klində jiə/ noun a year from the 1st January to 31st December
call
call /kɔl/ noun 1. a demand for repayment of a loan by a lender 2. a demand to pay for new shares which then become paid up 쐽
verb to ask for a loan to be repaid immedi- ately
call in /kɔl in/ phrasal verb 1. to visit 쑗
Their sales representative called in twice last week. 2. to ask for a debt to be paid
call up /kɔl p/ phrasal verb to ask for share capital to be paid
callable bond
callable bond /kɔləb(ə)l bɒnd/ noun a bond which can be redeemed before it