Revisión del proyecto

The extreme difficulty and complexity in wrestling as a sport includes the fact that as the wrestlers must continuously overcome resistance, and the resistance not only static, but also constantly shifting, and not strictly predictable (as f or example, when drawing a bow). The situation and positions in all conditions are constantly altering. They are set for one moment, then some degree of strength changes, and then that new resistance must also be overcome.

Resistance in its basic definition is the natural act of a wrestler to draw upon his own means and methods to overcome his opponent.

In wrestling, this is accomplished by:

a) Strength of the opponent’s body weight (strength of center of gravity) in relation to the ground;

b) Strength of the samboist’s centrifugal force;

c) Strength of the opponent’s opposing force.

In the beginning, it follows that the practical means to overcome an opponent’s centrifugal force comes before attempting to begin to overcome an opponent’s opposing force.

1. The practice for overcoming an opponent’s weight includes the following exercises where the tasked participants do not resist.

a) Raising an opponent to wrap him around the samboist’s hips level, so that his partner’s chest contacts the samboist’s belt.

b) Lifting a partner who is on all fours.

c) Lifting a partner who is lying on his back.

d) Lifting a partner and shifting his position, so that he is on the samboist’s shoulders, then his back, then his hips, and finally in his arms in front of the samboist.

e) Squatting with a partner on the samboist’s shoulders.

f) Leaning the body in various directions with an opponent on the shoulders.

These exercises are designed to provide the samboist with the skills to manage his opponent’s body weight and to overcome his strength.

2. Studying to overcome the opponent’s centrifugal force uses various ploys and means.

It follows to consider that all wrestling is conducted in a straight line. The larger share of wrestling motions are circular or arcs of varying degrees. Therefore, centrifugal force or some other form of this energy is found in every ploy—especially, in the throws. Thus, the students should be paired and given the following tasks:

a) Spinning the partner using one hand to hold his belt;

b) Spinning with the partner and drawing him off the ground with a hand on his shoulder or on his belt or hip.

When these motions are mastered, the students should master quickly stopping these same motions are starting them.

3. Studying how to exploit the opponent’s strength.

After studying how to calculate motion and the described exercises, the students are placed in pairs with the first rank commanded to move. The second rank must keep with his opponent’s motion and in the same direction and move where the opponent moves.

The same condition is applied without a command with an opponent following his own initiative. This

first preparatory exercise is to instill the basic skills in exploiting the opponent’s strength.

Then the students transition to more advanced means for exploiting the opponent’s strength.

The first rank are then given the task to use individualized motion on the second rank, and to move in directions with the opponent where they must try to successfully follow an opponent and be able to quickly push or pull the opponent to disrupt his motion.

Included in the first rank’s efforts making unexpected jerks and pushes on the opponent while retaining a grip on his sleeves. The second rank develops motions that the first rank must respond to forcing them to push and pull in order to suppress successfully their opponent’s motion.

4. Studying how to overcome an opponent’s strength.

Attention must be paid to acquainting the students with overcoming strength, via metered resistance in the form of known gymnastic exercises in resistance.

Then the training transitions to an emphasis on wrestling style that is enhanced by additional exercises applied to address this role.

“ Ca tc h in g th e m a j or i t y o f th e f i ng e rs . The bent four fingers of the samboist’s right hand grip his opponent’s fingers on his opponent’s right hand. The samboist attempts to press his fingers into his opponent’s fingers, so that his opponent cannot use that hand effectively.

It is forbidden to grip and twist the opponent’s four fingers.

“Head of Cabbage”. The samboist bends his elbow so that his f orearm is parallel to the ground, and his palm is rotated upward. The opponent places his palm atop the samboist’s palm. The samboist in any instant can strike with his palm into the back of his opponent’s fingers.

The opponent just as quickly can strike at the samboist’s hand. Once this is mastered, the partners can change roles.

“ A r m W r e s t l i n g ” . This exercise requires lying on the stomach on the mat in a head to head position with the partner. Each partner’s right hand grips the partner’s right hand, so that thumb is wrapped around thumb, and the four fingers of each hand are around the back part of the opponent’s hand. The right elbow is set on the mat, and the left arm is bracing it.

The task is to respond to the opponent’s forearm, so that his opponent’s hand is forced to contact the mat.

The opponent resists the attempt to force his hand to the mat and attempts to force the samboist’s hand into the mat.

“ P u s h i n g p a l m t o p a l m ” . T h e s a m b o i s t c o m e s b e f o r e h i s o p p o n e n t t o s e t h i m s e l f b e f o r e h i s o p p o n e n t . H i s t o e s a n d h e e l a r e s e t i n p l a c e . T h e o p p o n e n t m u s t s e t h i m s e l f t h e s a m e w a y . Each contender places his palms to his opponent’s palms and attempts to unbalance his adversary by forcing him to move from his place on the mat. Feinting is permitted but palm to palm contact must be maintained. The first to fall or move from his spot is the one who is defeated.

“ U n b a l a n c i n g f r o m a l i n e ” . The samboist and his partner set themselves against each other on a one meter line. The right foot is set forward with the left foot set behind it, so that the left toes are close to the right heel.

All four of the contender’s feet must remain aligned on the one meter line. Both partners must keep their left arms behind their backs.

The task is to clap the right palm into the opponent’s right palm in an attempt to force him to move one of his feet from the line. Feinting is permitted, but both partners must maintain contact with the upper part of their opponent’s body with the right palm.

“Gyps y W rest ling”. T he samboist lies down on the mat with his right side to his opponent’s right side, but his head is on a different side with the desired effect being that their right arms are easily in reach of each other. Each raises his right arm upward. The task consists of hooking the right shin to the opponent’s right shin and attempting to use this hold to roll the opponent over his head.

“ T i p p i n g t h e b a l a n c e w i t h a n a r m k e p t b a c k ” . The samboists stand in the center of the mat facing each other so that the intended affect is that their right arms contact and grip at the inside of their wrists. At a signal, each attempts to draw his opponent to the edge of the mat that is designated for each wrestler. The winner is the samboist that first moves his opponent to his designated side of the mat.

“Petrushkin Boxing Punches”. Each wrestler stands on only his right leg with his arms crossed over his chest. Hopping on the right leg, each wrestler attempts to use his shoulders to push against his opponent in an attempt to force his opponent to set his left leg onto the mat. The first opponent to set his left leg on the mat loses.

“Coming on to the Legs”. The samboists stand close to each other. Each is set to stand on the rear part of their feet, and each is forbidden to use his hands to contact his opponent. The first who does so loses.

This same sort of wrestling can be applied with a grip on the sleeves, but that is much more difficult and complex in skills.

“Taking the Ball”. Each takes in hand the same basketball. At a signal, each wrestler attempts to take the ball away from his opponent.

“Taking the Stick”. Each wrestler wraps his right hand around a stick with his left hand set near the bottom. On a signal, each wrestler attempts to take the stick from his opponent.

“Lifting”. Any means to lift the opponent from the ground may be used while also preventing the

opponent from doing the same to the samboist. He that first lifts his opponent is the victor.

In this view of this wrestling style, we have covered the tactics and techniques of sambo wrestling.

If in “gaining this sense” we must only focus training for quickness, then our view is distorted and shows but scant aspects of sambo-wrestling.

For this given style of wrestling, it follows that there are transitions in sambo wrestling for in such conditions as when covering the opponent or moving from one or another situation to another.

Such exercises indicate:

Covering or smothering the opponent when he is resisting from various positions and situations:

lying on one side, sitting, on the knee, on one knee, in a half squat, standing on wide set legs, or standing with feet crossed. If when covering a sitting opponent only slightly, this effort would, of course, be no more difficult than smothering an opponent whose legs are crossed.

Turning over the opponent who is on all fours or lying below the samboist can meet resistance.

The opponent may secure grips of his own and begin to resist.

Freeing oneself from an opponent’s hold down, or in holding down the opponent, the samboist will meet resistance.

Obtaining the hold down grip may meet no resistance from the opponent, and therefore, studying the ploys using one-sided resistance by the opponent is possible.

In all of the exercises, the first rank of each pair first studies the ploys against an unresisting opponent who does not attack or apply retaliatory ploys.

After studying the ploys with one-sided resistance, the students can apply exercises that are varied or have varying conditions, and then, the training in sambo wrestling moves on to focus on the different sections for this wrestling style, and of course, for training in longer matches.

Chapter 5