SELECCIÓN DE LA ALTERNATIVA PARA EL APROVECHAMIENTO DE LOS LODOS GENERADOS EN LA PTAR

the results of the present survey are given separately for different agro-climatic zones of the country.

The detailed statistical tables given in Appendix I give the estimates for different agro-climatic zones

of each State, whenever sample size permits. For this purpose, the entire country has been divided

into 15 agro-climatic zones (A-C zones) as defined by the Planning Commission while formulating

the Eighth Plan. These A-C zones cut across State boundaries. The details of composition of these

A-C zones are given in Appendix II of the present report.

4.3.10 The estimates of percentage of CPR Land in total geographical area, and CPR Land per

household given in Table T4 indicate the availability of CPRs in different A-C zones of the country.

It is seen that percentage of geographical area considered as CPR in de jure approach varies over a

wide range from 1% in the lower Gangetic Plains(LG) to 38% in the Western dry region (TD) of

Thar Desert. The CPR land available per household also varies as widely from 0.02 ha in LG to 4.77

ha in TD. The estimated CPR land per household is indeed much higher in TD than in the other

zones. The semi-arid zone of Gujarat Coast, Plains & Hills(GC) comes closest to TD in respect of

availability of CPR land. But CPR land per household in GC(0.71 ha) is found to be much smaller

than that in TD. The difference between the estimates of percentage of CPR land to total

geographical area for these two zones, however, do not differ as widely as the CPR land per

household. The exceptionally high value of CPR land per household estimated in TD owes to two

geographically large villages in the sample of Rajasthan (see paragraph 4.2.4).

Table T4: Percentage of CPR land to geographical area and availability of CPR land per household and per capita

Agro-climatic zone percentage of CPR land CPR land per house- average household CPR land per capita to geo. area hold (ha) size (ha)

Lower Gangetic Plains (LG) 1 0.02 5.02 0.00

Upper Gangetic Plains (UG) 2 0.03 5.38 0.01

Middle Gangetic Plains (MG) 8 0.07 5.69 0.01

Trans-Gangetic Plains (TG) 5 0.07 5.61 0.01

all Islands (Isl) 9 0.12 4.41 0.03

East Coast Plains & Hills (EG) 12 0.15 4.28 0.04

Western Coast Plains & Hills (WC) 10 0.16 4.57 0.04

Eastern Himalayas & Bramhaputra Valley (EHm)

5 0.18 5.08 0.04

Southern Plateau & Hills (DP) 9 0.18 4.36 0.04

Western Plateau & Hills (WHg) 10 0.29 5.10 0.06

Eastern Plateau & Hills (EHg) 19 0.44 4.78 0.09

Western Himalayan (WHm) 33 0.49 5.00 0.10

Central Plateau & Hills (CHg) 20 0.65 5.23 0.12

Gujarat Coast Plains & Hills (GC) 27 0.71 4.95 0.14

Western Dry Region (TD) 38 4.77 5.75 0.83

4.2.11 The estimates of per household availability of CPR land, given in Table T4, confirm the

findings of the field studies on CPR conducted in recent times. It is seen that the CPR land ranged

from 9% to 38% of the geographical area in the arid and semi-arid areas of the country. The

availability of CPR land per household too was relatively high in these areas. Besides the A-C zones

TD and GC, the per household CPR land was also high in the semi-arid zones like Central Plateau &

Hills (CHg) and Western Plateau & Hills (WHg). Per household CPR land was also found to be high

in the A-C zones Western Himalayan (WHm) and Eastern Plateau and Hills (EHg). Both these A-C

zones are endowed with large tracts for forest land and traditional institutions of community

management. The only dry tropical A-C Zone with relatively low per household CPR is found to be

Southern Plateau and Hills (DP). However, the relatively low estimate of availability of CPR in the

other A-C Zone containing large hilly tracts, viz. Eastern Himalayan and Bramhaputra Valley (EHm),

does not reflect the variation within the region. It is seen from Table T3 that the tribal hill States of

the north-east do have high percentage CPR Land in Geographical area, while Assam, containing

large part of the Bramhaputra valley, has a small part of geographical area as CPR land. The A-C

zones where the availability of CPR land are found to be rather low (0.7 ha per household or less),

viz. lower (LG), Middle (MG), Trans (TG) and Upper (UG) Gangetic plains, are among the

agriculturally developed areas of the country and are endowed with rich and fertile soil.

4.2.12 Table T5 gives the percentage distribution of CPR land by category for the A-C zones with

high or moderately high availability of CPR land. In the present survey, data on area were collected

separately for four broad categories of CPR land, viz. (i) common pasture and grazing land, (ii)

village forest & wood lot, (iii) village site, threshing floor etc. and (iv) other barren or waste land

formally held by panchayat or any community of the village. In Table T5, separate estimates are

given for the first two categories and the estimates of other two categories are pooled and given

separately under a broader category called ‘both’.

Table T5: Percentage distribution of CPR land by category of CPR land

agro-climatic zone

permanent pasture & grazing land

village forests

& woodlots other all

East Coast Plains & Hills (EG) 20 7 73 100

Western Coast Plains & Hills (WC) 38 13 50 100

Eastern Himalayas & Bramhaputra Valley (EHm)

22 50 28 100

Southern Plateau & Hills (DP) 28 11 61 100

Western Plateau & Hills (WHg) 31 24 45 100

Eastern Plateau & Hills (EHg) 30 27 45 100

Western Himalayan (WHm) 43 31 27 100

Central Plateau & Hills (CHg) 34 18 46 100

Gujarat Coast Plains & Hills (GC) 28 4 68 100

Western Dry Region (TD) 4 1 95 100

4.2.13 In all the arid and semi-arid A-C zones, except TD, the category “common pasture and

grazing land” is found to be an important constituent of the CPR land. The estimates for TD, based

on the sample containing two very large villages(see paragraph 4.3.4), fail to reflect the relative

shares of different categories of CPR land in the zone. The highest share of the category “common

pastures and grazing land” in CPR land was, however, reported in the mountainous A-C zones

WHm. It was relatively high also in the A-C zone West Coast Plains & Hills, containing the high-

rainfall regions of Western Ghats and coastal areas.

4.2.14 ‘Village forest & wood lot’ is found to be an important constituent of CPR Land in the A-C

Zones, Eastern Himalayas and Bramhaputra Valley (EHm) (50%), Western Himalayas (WHm)

(31%) and Eastern Plateau and Hills (Ehg) (27%). In the tribal areas of the hill States of the north-

east, land is generally owned by district councils or village communities or tribal clans. A large part of

the geographical area in these States are under forest cover and are traditionally managed as

common property. In the A-C Zones WHm and EHg too over a fourth of the CPR land falls in the

category of village forests. Besides the Van panchayats in the Western Himalayan regions of Uttar

Pradesh, it appears, there are similar institution of community management of forests in the other

parts of the A-C zone WHm. It is seen that 31% of CPR land in this zone fall in this category. In

Orissa, the major constituent of the A-C zones EHg, there are forests called “Gramya Jungle”, on

which the villagers enjoy rights over fuelwood, fodder and other minor forest produce. Village

forests, therefore, constitute 27% of the CPR land in A-C zone EHg.

Figure 2