Servicios No Aeronáuticos Comerciales Obligatorios

From the Greek alopekouros, grass like a fox’s tail, alopex “a fox” and oura “a tail,” referring to the shape of the panicle, from the form of the spike-like panicle; Latin

alopecuros, a kind of plant, according to Sprengel a species

of Saccharum; see Carl Linnaeus, Species Plantarum. 60. 1753 and Genera Plantarum. edition 5. 30. 1754.

About 25-36(-50) species, northern temperate areas, Eur- asia, temperate South America. Pooideae, Poodae, Aveneae, or Pooideae, Poeae, Alopecurinae, annual or perennial, tufted, leafy, few- to many-noded, herbaceous, rhizomatous or stoloniferous, sometimes decumbent or geniculate at base, sometimes rooting at lower nodes, unbranched, gla- brous nodes, hollow internodes, narrow leaf blades linear to linear-lanceolate, leaf sheath open, ligule an unfringed membrane, leaves flat, plants bisexual, inflorescence dense and cylindrical, a soft and narrow spike-like panicle, spike- lets densely crowded and arranged in a dense spiral, spike- lets with female-fertile florets only, 1 bisexual floret, reduced floret absent, 2 glumes more or less equal and strongly keeled and not awned, lemma 3- to 5-nerved enclosed within the glumes, obtuse lemma membranous and awned on dorsal surface, awn bent and twisted or straight, palea usually absent or very reduced, lodicules absent, 3 stamens, ovary glabrous, stigmas exserted, agricultural weed species, palatable forage for livestock, useful culti- vated fodder grasses, native pasture species, ornamental, found in grasslands, swampy ground, irrigation channels, damp meadows, pampas, stony slopes, open habitats, sim- ilar to Phleum L., type Alopecurus pratensis L., see Species

Plantarum 1: 60-61. 1753, Species Plantarum, Editio Secunda 89. 1762, Memorie di Matematica e di Fisica della Societá Italiana delle Scienze 8(2): 477. 1799, Annalen der Botanik … Herausgegeben von Dr. Paulus Usteri … Zürich

1791-1800, English Botany 21: t. 1467. 1805, Essai d’une

Nouvelle Agrostographie 22, 158. 1812, Observations sur les Graminées de la Flore Belgique 132. 1823 [1824], Flora Rossica 4(14): 640. 1853, Nuovi Generi e Nuove Specie di Piante Monocotiledoni 11. 1854, Lotos 7: 84. 1857 and Flora Pyrenaea … 4: 274-275. 1901, American Midland Naturalist 4: 216. 1915, Revista de la Facultad de Agrono- mia y Veterinaria 7(2): 345-369. 1931, Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. 6: 18. 1970, Flora Iranica: Gramineae 70: 277. Graz

1970, Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. 8: 12-22. 1971, Fragmenta

Floristica et Geobotanica 23: 317-325. 1977, Turun ylio- piston julkaisuja - Annales Universitatis Turkuensis, Sarja A II, Biologia-Geographica 3: 1-12. 1982 [also Ann. Univ. Fenn. Abo., A 3: 1-12. 1982], Bot. Zhurn. SSSR 69(12):

1703-1704. 1984, Acta Facultatis Rerum Naturalium Uni-

versitatis Comenianae, Botanica 32: 57-70. 1985, Bot. Zhurn. SSSR 70(12): 1698-1699. 1985, Taxon 34: 346-351.

1985, Acta Biologica Cracoviensia, Series Botanica 28: 65- 85. 1986, Journal of Cytology and Genetics 21: 155. 1986,

Journal of Cytology and Genetics 22: 161-162. 1987, Annali di Botanica 45: 75-102. 1987, Travaux de l’Institut Scientifique, Université Mohammed V. Série Botanique 35:

1-168. 1988 [by N. Galland], Willdenowia 19: 199-213. 1989, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 74: 1675-1678. 1989, Cytologia 55: 169-173, 217-223. 1990, Boletim da

Sociedade Broteriana, ser. 2 63: 29-66. 1990, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 75: 1185. 1990, Flora Mediterra- nea 1: 229-236. 1991, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad)

76: 476-479. 1991, Cytologia 56: 437-452. 1991, Fitologija 39: 72-77. 1991, Bocconea, Monographiae Herbarii Med-

iterranei Panormitani 3: 229-250. 1992, Regnum Veg. 127:

17. 1993, Flora Mesoamericana 6: 242. 1994, Annals of

the Missouri Botanical Garden 81(4): 784-791. 1994, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(5): 98-101. 1996, Flora Mediterranea 7: 204-213. 1997, Watsonia 21: 365-368.

1997, Flora Mediterranea 8: 307-313. 1998, Turkish Jour-

nal of Botany 23(4): 245-262. 1999, Opera Botanica 137:

1-42. 1999, Contributions from the United States National

Herbarium 48: 97-106, 237, 656. 2003, Am. J. Bot. 91: 889-

898. 2004, Functional Ecology 18(1): 77-86. Feb 2004,

Ecography 27(2): 242-252. Apr 2004, Weed Research 44(3):

178-186, June 2004, Weed Research 44(5): 375-387. Oct 2004, Weed Research 44(6): 414-432, 460-468. Dec 2004,

Weed Research 45(1): 2-17. Feb 2005, Journal of Applied Ecology 42(1): 13-24. Feb 2005, Journal of Ecology 93(1):

138-147. Feb 2005, Ecology Letters 8(4): 419-429. Apr 2005, Global Change Biology 11(4): 525-536. Apr 2005,

Journal of Applied Ecology 42(2): 239-250. Apr 2005 [Pre-

dicting plant species’ responses to river regulation: the role of water level fluctuations.], Plant Breeding 124(2): 147- 153. Apr 2005, Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 191(2): 152-160. Apr 2005, Weed Research 45(2): 140-148. Apr 2005, New Phytologist 166(2): 537-550. May 2005,

Oikos 109(3): 521-534. June 2005, Weed Research 45(3):

165-174, 202-211, 220-227. June 2005.

Species

A. aequalis Sobol. (Alopecurus aequalis f. fluitans Parodi;

Alopecurus aequalis f. foliosus Parodi; Alopecurus aequalis

f. notacens (Hack.) Parodi; Alopecurus aequalis f. violaceus (Hack.) Parodi; Alopecurus aequalis subsp. aequalis;

Alopecurus aequalis subsp. amurensis (Kom.) Hultén; Alopecurus aequalis subsp. amurensis (Kom.) T. Koyama,

Alopecurus L. 85 (Kom.) Hultén; Alopecurus aequalis subsp. aristulatus

(Michx.) Tzvelev; Alopecurus aequalis subsp. natans (Wahlenb.) Á. Löve & D. Löve; Alopecurus aequalis var.

aequalis; Alopecurus aequalis var. amurensis (Kom.) Ohwi; Alopecurus aequalis var. aristulatus (Michx.) Tzvelev; Alopecurus aequalis var. fluitans (Parodi) Mariano; Alope- curus aequalis var. natans (Wahlenb.) Fernald; Alopecurus aequalis var. sonomensis P. Rubtzov; Alopecurus aequalis

var. violaceus (Hack.) Mariano; Alopecurus amurensis Kom.; Alopecurus aristulatus Michx.; Alopecurus aristula-

tus var. merriami (Beal ex J.M. Macoun) H. St. John; Alope- curus aristulatus var. natans (Wahlenb.) Simmons; Alopecurus baptarrhenius S.M. Phillips; Alopecurus brachytrichus Ohwi; Alopecurus caespitosus Trin.; Alope- curus diandrus Griff.; Alopecurus fulvus Smith; Alopecurus fulvus f. violacea Hack.; Alopecurus fulvus var. amurensis

(Kom.) Roshev.; Alopecurus geniculatus f. robustior Hack. ex Kneuck.; Alopecurus geniculatus subsp. fulvus (Sm.) C. Hartm.; Alopecurus geniculatus var. aequalis (Sobol.) Fiori;

Alopecurus geniculatus var. aequalis (Sobol.) Paunero; Alopecurus geniculatus var. amurensis (Kom.) Roshev.; Alopecurus geniculatus var. aristulatus (Michx.) Torr.; Alopecurus geniculatus var. armurensis (Kom.) Fedtsch.; Alopecurus geniculatus var. caesius Neilr.; Alopecurus gen- iculatus var. fulvus (L.) Weinm.; Alopecurus geniculatus

var. fulvus (Sm.) Schrad.; Alopecurus geniculatus var.

natans Wahlenb.; Alopecurus geniculatus var. robustus

Vasey; Alopecurus grandiflorus (Roshevitz) Petrov; Alope-

curus hitchcockii Parodi; Alopecurus howellii var. merri- amii Beal ex J.M. Macoun; Alopecurus howellii var. merriamii Beal; Alopecurus paludosus P. Beauv. ex Mert

& Koch; Alopecurus palustris subsp. fulvus (Sm.) Syme ex Sowerby; Alopecurus subaristatus Pers.; Tozzettia fulva (Sm.) Lunell) (after Clinton Hart Merriam, 1855-1942; after Mr. Thomas Jefferson Howell, 1842-1912; see J.H. Barn- hart, Biographical notes upon botanists. 2: 211. 1965; T.W. Bossert, compil., Biographical dictionary of botanists rep-

resented in the Hunt Institute portrait collection. 184. 1972;

E.M. Tucker, Catalogue of the library of the Arnold Arbo-

retum of Harvard University. 1917-1933; R. Zander, F.

Encke, G. Buchheim and S. Seybold, Handwörterbuch der

Pflanzennamen. 14. Aufl. Stuttgart 1993; J. Ewan, edition, A Short History of Botany in the United States. New York

and London 1969)

Circumboreal. Annual or perennial bunchgrass, tufted, open, aquatic or semiaquatic, emergent, culms ascending and often bent at the nodes, mostly decumbent and some- times rooting at the lower nodes, leaves erect to floating, auricles absent, culm leaf blades linear-lanceolate, leaf sheath smooth and loosely wrapped around the stem, ligule membranous, inflorescence of chasmogamous spikelets, compressed and narrow spike-like panicle, glumes mem- branous and keeled with silky hairs, palea absent, lemma awn weak and straight, straight awn included within or

arising from near middle of the lemma, seeds ground into a flour and used with other cereals in making bread, weed species of rice and other cereals, a good fodder plant, a famine food, ornamental, common in pastures, rice fields, wet places, edges of ponds and ditches, wet meadows, dry to damp bare soil, damp hilly slopes shores and stream banks, border of lake, bog edges, shallow water, water-filled ditches, open marshy ground, see Flora Petropolitana 16. 1799, Flora Boreali-Americana 1: 43. 1803, Synopsis Plan-

tarum 1: 80. 1805, English Botany 21, t. 1467. 1805, Flora Lapponica 22. 1812, A Flora of the Northern and Middle Sections of the United States 1: 97. 1823, Species Grami- num 3: t. 241. 1829-1830, Linnaea 12(4): 424. 1838, Not- ulae ad Plantas Asiaticas 3: 11. 1851, Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 10: 312. 1852, Flora von Nieder-Oes- terreich 35. 1859, English Botany, … third edition 11: 23.

1873, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 15: 13. 1888,

Grasses of North America for Farmers and Students 2: 278.

1896, The Fur Seals and Fur Seal Islands of the North

Pacific Ocean 4 parts. 3: 573. [also issued as Treasury

Department Doc. No. 2017] Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1899 and Svenska Expeditionen till Magel-

lansländer 3(5): 218. 1900, Allgemeine Botanische Zeitschrift für Systematik, Floristik, Pflanzengeographie 11:

54. 1905, Arkiv för Botanik utgivet av K. Svenska Veten-

skapsakademien 6(17): 4. 1907, American Midland Natu- ralist 4: 216. 1915, Nuova Flora Analitica d’Italia 1: 92.

1923, Rhodora 27(323): 198. 1925, Revista de la Facultad

de Agronomía y Veterinaria 7(2): 365-366, f. 7ii, 8. 1931, Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 5: 51. 1936, Botan- ical Magazine (Tokyo) 55(656): 360. 1941, Acta Horti Gothoburgensis 204: 94. 1956, Leaflets of Western Botany

9(11): 170-172. 1961, E. Hultén, The Circumpolar Plants. I. Vascular cryptogams, conifers and monocotyledons. 1: 108. Stochholm 1962 [Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsaka- demiens handlingar. Fjärde Serien. Band 8. Nr 5.], Flora

URSS 2: 36. 1964, Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. 8: 20. 1971, Flora Patagónica 8(3): 348. 1978, Kew Bulletin 41(4):

1027. 1986, Grasses of Japan and its Neighboring Regions 485. 1987.

in English: short-awn foxtail, short-awn foxtail grass, shortawn foxtail, short-awn meadow-foxtail, short-awned foxtail, orange foxtail, foxtail, water foxtail, Sonoma alopecurus

in Italian: coda di topo arrossata

in German: Roter Fuchsschwanz, Rotgelbes Fuchs- schwanzgras

A. aequalis Sobol. var. aequalis (Alopecurus aequalis

Sobol. var. natans (Wahlenb.) Fern.; Alopecurus aristulatus Michx.; Alopecurus geniculatus L. var. aristulatus (Michx.) Torr.)

U.S. Perennial, see Flora Petropolitana 16. 1799, Flora

86 Alopecurus L.

in English: short-awn foxtail

A. aequalis Sobol. var. sonomensis N.I. Rubtzov

U.S., California. Perennial, endangered species, open marshy areas, see Flora Petropolitana 16. 1799 and Leaflets

of Western Botany 9(11): 170-172. 1961.

in English: Sonoma alopecurus, Sonoma shortawn foxtail

A. alpinus Vill. (Alopecurus alpinus Sm., nom. illeg., non

Alopecurus alpinus Vill.; Alopecurus alpinus f. altaicus

Griseb.; Alopecurus alpinus subsp. borealis (Trin.) Jurtzev;

Alopecurus alpinus subsp. glaucus (Less.) Hultén; Alope- curus alpinus subsp. stejnegeri (Vasey) Hultén; Alopecurus alpinus var. borealis (Trin.) Griseb.; Alopecurus alpinus var. glaucus (Less.) Krylov; Alopecurus alpinus var. occidenta- lis (Scribn. & Tweedy) Boivin; Alopecurus alpinus var. stejnegeri (Vasey) Hultén; Alopecurus altaicus (Griseb.)

Petrov; Alopecurus behringianus Gand.; Alopecurus bore-

alis Trin.; Alopecurus glaucus Less.; Alopecurus glaucus

var. altaicus Griseb.; Alopecurus magellanicus Lam.;

Alopecurus occidentalis Scribn. & Tweedy)

Northern America, U.K. Perennial bunchgrass, caespitose, occurs in alpine moist meadows and streamsides, roadside ditch, moist montane valleys, subalpine and alpine mead- ows, see also Alopecurus borealis Trin., see Histoire des

Plantes de Dauphiné éd. 2 1: 306, 427. 1786, Tableau Encyclopédique et Méthodique … Botanique 1: 168. 1791, English Botany pl. 1126. 1803, Fundamenta Agrostograph- iae 58. 1820, Linnaea 9(2): 206. 1834, Flora Rossica 4(13):

461-462. 1852, Botanical Gazette 11: 170. 1886, Proceed-

ings of the United States National Museum 10: 153. 1887

and Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 66(7): 298. 1919 [1920], Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 5: 90. 1927, Flora Iakutiae 1: 146. 1930, Arkiv för Botanik, Andra

Serien 7(1): 9-10. 1968, Provancheria 12: 32. 1981.

A. anatolicus M. Dogan

Eurasia, Turkey. See Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden,

Edinburgh 45(1): 114, f. 2. 1988, Turkish Journal of Botany

23(4): 245-262. 1999.

A. antarcticus Vahl (Alopecurus alpinus f. antarctica (Vahl)

Hack.; Alopecurus alpinus var. antarcticus (Vahl) Macloskie & Dusén; Alopecurus alpinus var. aristatus Hook.f.; Alopecurus antarcticus Lechler ex Steud.; Alope-

curus magellanicus Lam.; Alopecurus magellanicus var. magellanicus; Alopecurus pratensis L.)

South America. See Species Plantarum 1: 60. 1753, Sym-

bolae Botanicae, … 2: 18. 1791, Tableau Encyclopédique et Méthodique … Botanique 1: 168. 1791, Flora Antarctica

370. 1846, Synopsis Plantarum Glumacearum 1: 148. 1854 and Svenska Expeditionen till Magellansländer 3(5): 260. 1900, Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to

Patagonia … Botany 8(Suppl.): 33. 1915[1914], British Antarctic Survey Scientific Reports 60: 1-202, 1-6 pls. 1968, Regnum Veg. 127: 17. 1993.

A. anthoxanthoides Boiss. (Alopecurus utriculatus subsp.

anthoxanthoides (Boiss.) Dogan)

Northern America. See Alexander Russell (1715-1786), The

Natural History of Aleppo (edition 2) 2: 243. London 1794, Diagnoses plantarum orientalium novarum 1(13): 42. 1854

and Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 40(1): 86. 1982.

A. arundinaceus Poir. (Alopecurus armenus (K. Koch)

Grossh.; Alopecurus arundinaceus subsp. armenus (K. Koch) Tzvelev; Alopecurus brachystachyus M. Bieb.;

Alopecurus candicans Salzm. ex Steud.; Alopecurus castel- lanus Boiss. & Reut.; Alopecurus elatior Jacq. ex Hook.f.; Alopecurus exaltatus Less.; Alopecurus lasiostachyus Link; Alopecurus muticus Karav. & Kir.; Alopecurus nigrescens

Jacq.; Alopecurus nigricans Hornem.; Alopecurus nigricans var. humilis Fries; Alopecurus nigricans var. ventricosus (Pers.) Rchb.; Alopecurus pratensis subsp. arundinaceus (Poir.) Douin ex Bonn.; Alopecurus pratensis subsp. ven-

tricosus (Pers.) Thell.; Alopecurus pratensis subsp. ventri- cosus (Rchb.) Paunero; Alopecurus pratensis subsp. ventricosus (Rchb.) Thell.; Alopecurus pratensis var. armenus K. Koch; Alopecurus pratensis var. arundinaceus

(Poiret) Kuntze; Alopecurus pratensis var. exalatus (Less.) Griseb.; Alopecurus pratensis var. nigricans (Hornem.) Wahlenb.; Alopecurus pratensis var. ruthenicus Trin.;

Alopecurus pratensis var. ventricosus (Pers.) Cosson &

Durand; Alopecurus pratensis var. ventricosus (Rchb.) Cos- son & Durand; Alopecurus repens M. Bieb.; Alopecurus

ruthenicus Weinm.; Alopecurus ruthenicus var. exserens

Griseb.; Alopecurus ruthenicus var. nigricans (Hornem.) Regel; Alopecurus salvatoris Loscos ex Willk.; Alopecurus

sibiricus hort. ex Roem. & Schult.; Alopecurus ventricosus

Pers., nom. illeg., non Alopecurus ventricosus (Gouan) Huds.; Alopecurus ventricosus var. exserens (Griseb.) Asch. & Graebn.; Alopecurus ventricosus var. exserens (Griseb.) Serb. & Nyár.; Alopecurus ventricosus var. lobatus Grossh.) Temperate Eurasia. Perennial, strongly rhizomatous and creeping, sod-forming, erect, often purplish at the base, leaf sheaths inflated and glabrous, ligule membranous, leaves linear and scabrid, panicle broad-cylindric and green to green-purple, spikelets urceolate, glumes lanceolate and acute and ciliate on the keels, lemmas ovate and oblique- truncate, awn curved, fodder, forage, palatable and nutri- tious, useful for erosion control in moist areas, found in wetland pastures and mountain meadows, shores, stream banks, ditches, wet meadows, see Species Plantarum 1: 60. 1753, Flora Anglica, Editio Altera 1: 28. 1778, Synopsis

Plantarum 1: 80. 1805, Encyclopédie Méthodique, Bota- nique 8: 766. 1808, Hortus Regius Botanicus Hafniensis 1:

68. 1813, Eclogae Graminum 2: 17, t. 13. 1814, Systema

Vegetabilium 2: 271. 1817, Flora Taurico-Caucasica Suppl.

3: 54, 56. 1819, Flora Suecica, Editio Secunda Aucta et

Emendata 1: 37. 1824, De Graminibus unifloris et sesqui- floris 145. Petropoli 1824, Hortus Regius Botanicus

Alopecurus L. 87

Berolinensis 1: 71. 1827, Novitiae florae svecicae. Editio altera 8. Lundae 1828, Flora Germanica Excursoria 1: 31.

1830, Linnaea 9(2): 207. 1834, Nomenclator Botanicus edi- tion 2 1: 61. 1840, Diagnoses Plantarum Novarum Hispani-

carum 26. 1842, Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 15: 527. 1842, Linnaea 21(3): 381.

1848, Flora Rossica 4(13): 463-464. 1852, Exploration Sci-

entifique de l’Algérie 2: 56. 1854-1855, Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 40: 144. 1890, The Flora of British India 7: 238. 1896, Synopsis der mitteleuropäischen Flora

2: 134. 1899 and Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden

Gesellschaft in Zürich 52: 436. 1908, Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 10(2): 316. 1951, Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. 8: 18. 1971, Flora Republicii Socialiste Romania 12:

114. 1972, Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sci-

ences 18: 141-150. 1991.

in English: creeping foxtail, creeping meadow foxtail in German: Rohr-Fuchsschwanz, Rohr-Fuchsschwanzgras in Turkey: çayir otu

A. australis Nees (Alopecurus geniculatus L.)

Australia. See Species Plantarum 1: 60. 1753, Hooker’s

Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany 2: 412. 1843

and Taxon 49(2): 245. 2000. in English: marsh foxtail grass

A. baptarrhenius S.M. Phillips (Alopecurus aequalis

Sobol.)

Ethiopia. Annual or short-lived perennial, erect or ascend- ing, tufted, leaf blades narrowly linear, upper leaf sheaths inflated, ligule acute, panicle cylindrical, glumes ciliate and hispid, awn exserted, growing in shallow water, muddy riverbanks, along streams, wet places, closely related to

Alopecurus aequalis Sobol., see Flora Petropolitana 16.

1799 and Kew Bulletin 41(4): 1027. 1986.

A. bonariensis Parodi & Thell. (Alopecurus antarcticus var.

brachyatherus Parodi; Alopecurus aristulatus Michx.; Alopecurus geniculatus L.; Alopecurus magellanicus var. brachyatherus (Parodi) Mariano)

South America, Argentina. See Species Plantarum 1: 60. 1753, Flora Boreali-Americana 1: 43. 1803 and Reperto-

rium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 23(18-25): 302.

1927, Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria 7(2): 358, f. 4. 1931 [Univ. Nac. Buenos Aires Rev. Agron. 7: 358, f. 4. 1931], Flora Patagónica 3: 345. 1978, Turk. J.

Bot. 23(4): 254. 1999, Taxon 49(2): 245. 2000.

A. borealis Trin. (Alopecurus alpinus Vill.; Alopecurus alpi-

nus Sm., nom. illeg., non Alopecurus alpinus Vill.; Alope- curus alpinus f. altaicus Griseb.; Alopecurus alpinus subsp. borealis (Trin.) Jurtzev; Alopecurus alpinus subsp. glaucus

(Less.) Hultén; Alopecurus alpinus subsp. stejnegeri (Vasey) Hultén; Alopecurus alpinus var. borealis (Trin.) Griseb.; Alopecurus alpinus var. glaucus (Less.) Krylov;

Alopecurus alpinus var. occidentalis (Scribn. & Tweedy)

Boivin; Alopecurus alpinus var. stejnegeri (Vasey) Hultén;

Alopecurus glaucus Less.; Alopecurus magellanicus Lam.; Alopecurus magellanicus var. brachyatherus (Parodi) Mar-

iano; Alopecurus magellanicus var. bracteatus (Phil.) Mar- iano; Alopecurus occidentalis Scribn. & Tweedy;

Alopecurus pseudobrachystachyus Ovcz.; Alopecurus stej- negeri Vasey) (for Leonard Hess Stejneger (1851-1943),

botanical collector in Alaska, see Frank Alfred Golder (1877-1929), Bering’s voyages; an account of the efforts of the Russians to determine the relation of Asia and America … American Geographical Society, New York 1922-1925) Europe, Siberia, Asia temperate, Canada, U.S. Perennial, caespitose, low, gray flowers, pubescent inflorescence spi- cate and ovoid, overlapping spikelets ovoid and dark purple, glumes pubescent, lemma acute and glabrous, awn straight, growing in alpine meadow, see Tableau Encyclopédique et

Méthodique … Botanique 1: 168. 1791, English Botany pl.

1126. 1803, Fundamenta Agrostographiae 58. 1820, Flora

Rossica 4(13): 461. 1852, Botanical Gazette 11: 170. 1886, Proceedings of the United States National Museum 10: 153.

1887 and Svenska Expeditionen till Magellansländer 3(5): 260. 1900, Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía y Veteri-

naria 7(2): 358, f. 4. 1931, Flora URSS 2: 153, t. 10, f. 7,

745. 1934, Arkiv för Botanik utgivet av K. Svenska Veten-

skapsakademien 7(1): 9. 1968, Flora Patagónica 3: 344-

345. 1978, Provancheria 12: 32. 1981, Turkish Journal of

Botany 23(4): 245-262. 1999.

in English: alpine foxtail, polar foxtail, boreal alopecurus in French: vulpin de Gérard, vulpin des Alpes, vulpin alpin in Italian: coda di topo alpina, coda di topo di Gérard

A. borii Tzvelev (Alopecurus nepalensis Trin. ex Steud.)

India, Russia, Pakistan, Afghanistan. Narrow panicle linear, lemma unawned, grows on black soil, plains, dry places, see Synopsis Plantarum Glumacearum 1: 148. 1854 and

Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. 8: 19-21. 1971.

A. brachystachyus M. Bieb. (Alopecurus arundinaceus

Poir.; Alopecurus pratensis subsp. brachystachyus (M. Bieb.) Trab.; Alopecurus ventricosus var. brachystachys (M. Bieb.) Hackel in O. Fedtsch. & B. Fedtsch.)

China, Eurasia. Sandy loam, rocky soil, mountain meadow steppe, see Flora Anglica, Editio Altera 1: 28. 1778, Ency-

clopédie Méthodique, Botanique 8: 766. 1808, Flora Tau- rico-Caucasica Suppl. 3: 56. 1819, Flore d’Alger 145.

1895.

A. bulbosus Gouan (Alopecurus bulbosus Huds., nom.

illeg., non Alopecurus bulbosus Gouan; Alopecurus bulbo-

sus Poir., nom. illeg., non Alopecurus bulbosus Gouan)

Europe. Riverside species, useful for erosion control, grow- ing in brackish grassland, in water meadow, see Hortus

Regius Monspeliensis 37. 1762, Flora Anglica 24. 1762, Voy- age en Barbarie 2: 94. 1789, Hortus gramineus Woburnensis

88 Alopecurus L.

57. 1854 and V.K. Sieber and B.G. Murray, “Spontaneous polyploids in marginal populations of Alopecurus bulbosus Gouan (Poaceae).” Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 81(4): 293-300. 1980.

in English: bulbous foxtail, foxtail in French: vulpin bulbeux

in German: Zwiebel-Fuchsschwanz, Knolliges Fuchs- schwanzgras, Knollen-Fuchsschwanzgras

A. carolinianus Walter (Alopecurus carolinianus Spreng.,

nom. illeg., non Alopecurus carolinianus Walter; Alopecu-

rus geniculatus var. caespitosus Scribner; Alopecurus gen- iculatus var. ramosus (Poiret) H. St. John; Alopecurus gracilis Willd. ex Trin.; Alopecurus macounii Vasey; Alope- curus pedalis Bosc ex P. Beauv.; Alopecurus ramosus Poir.)

(dedicated to the Irish-born Canadian botanist and ornithol- ogist John Macoun, 1831-1920, father of James Melville Macoun, 1862-1920; see R. Desmond, Dictionary of British

& Irish Botanists and Horticulturists. 460. 1994; Joseph

Ewan, Rocky Mountain Naturalists. 257-258. [John Macoun, b. 1832] The University of Denver Press 1950; Stafleu & Cowan, Taxonomic literature. 3: 232-234. 1981; T.W. Bossert, compil., Biographical dictionary of botanists

represented in the Hunt Institute portrait collection. 248.

1972; J.H. Barnhart, Biographical notes upon botanists. 2: 432. 1965; E.M. Tucker, Catalogue of the library of the

Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. Cambridge,

Mass. 1917-1933; S. Lenley et al., Catalog of the manu-

script and archival collections and index to the correspon- dence of John Torrey. Library of the New York Botanical

Garden. 277-278. 1973; H.N. Clokie, Account of the Her-

baria of the Department of Botany in the University of Oxford. Oxford 1964; I.C. Hedge and J.M. Lamond, Index of Collectors in the Edinburgh Herbarium. Edinburgh 1970)

North America, U.S., Canada, British Columbia. Annual or perennial, erect to decumbent, small, tufted, clumped, fibrous roots, long membranous ligule, soft and erect spike- like panicles, 1-flowered spikelets, long awns of the glumes, very tiny grains, occurs in cultivated land and fallow fields, sunny habitats, waste areas, ephemeral wetlands, shallow water, old fields, on dry rocks, wet to swampy meadows, moist areas, riverbeds, damp soil, in sloughs, roadside ditches, around ponds and margin of alkaline ponds, low prairies, see Species Plantarum 1: 60. 1753, Flora Caro-

liniana, secundum systema vegetabilium perillustris Lin- naei digesta … 74. Londini [London] 1788, Erster Nachtrag zu der Beschreibung des botanischen Gartens der Univer- sität zu Halle 10. Halle 1801, Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique 8: 776. 1808, Essai d’une Nouvelle Agro- stographie 4. 1812, Mémoires de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint Pétersbourg. Sixième Série. Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Naturelles. Seconde Partie: Sciences Naturelles 6,4(1-2): 38. 1840, Bulletin of the

Torrey Botanical Club 15: 12. 1888, Catalogue of Canadian Plants 25: 389. 1890 and Rhodora 19(224): 167. 1917.

in English: tufted meadow-foxtail, meadow-foxtail, Caro- lina foxtail, annual foxtail, common foxtail

A. creticus Trin. (Alopecurus agrestis var. creticus (Trin.)

Marchesetti; Alopecurus creticus Wilk. & Lange; Alopecu-

rus thracicus Penev & Kozuharov)

Europe, Bulgaria. See Species Plantarum, Editio Secunda 89. 1762, Neue Entdeckungen im ganzen Umfang der Pflan-

zenkunde 2: 45. 1821, Prodromus Florae Hispanicae 1: 41.

Stuttgartiae 1861, Flora di Trieste 607. Trieste 1897 and

Conspectus Florae Graecae 3: 343. 1904, Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 28: 187. 1968.

in English: Cretan meadow-foxtail

A. dasyanthus Trautv. (Alopecurus vaginatus (Willd.)

Boiss., nom. illeg., non Alopecurus vaginatus (Willd.) Pall. ex Kunth; Polypogon vaginatus Willd.) (from the Greek

dasys “thick, shaggy, hairy” and anthos “flower”)

Asia temperate, Eurasia. Useful for erosion control, see Der

Gesellsschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, neue Schriften 3: 44. 1801, Flora Orientalis 5: 488. 1884.

A. geniculatus L. (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.; Alopecurus

australis Nees; Alopecurus geniculatus Lindh. ex Scheele,

nom. illeg., non Alopecurus geniculatus L.; Alopecurus gen-

iculatus Sibth. ex Steudel, nom. illeg., non Alopecurus gen- iculatus L.; Alopecurus geniculatus var. aquaticus Schltdl.; Alopecurus geniculatus var. viridis Neilr.; Alopecurus pall- escens Piper; Alopecurus paludosus Crantz; Alopecurus palustris subsp. geniculatus (L.) Syme ex Sowerby; Tozzet- tia geniculata (L.) Bubani)

Eurasia. Perennial or annual, tufted, stoloniferous, rhizoma- tous, small, glabrous, spreading from geniculate base, creeping and ascending, rooted on the nodes, glaucous, stems often floating in water, auricles absent, membranous ligules pointed or blunt, leaf blades linear acute or acumi- nate, green to grayish green to bluish leaves, spike-like panicle linear or narrow-oblong with densely crowded spikelets, chasmogamous, silky dark green to black inflo- rescence cylindrical and slender, spikelets 1-flowered, glumes obtuse to mucronate and ciliate along the keel, glumes free or united, lemma truncate and awned, bent awn inserted below the middle of the lemma, palea absent, weed species, a good forage, cold resistant, drought sensitive, coastal and inland, grows in moist or dry places, damp areas, roadsides, shallow water, river flats, wet margins of rivers, ditches, meadows and seeps, swamp edges, in wheat field, see Species Plantarum 1: 60. 1753, Flora Berolinensis

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