Sistema de Base de Datos

5400 – 3300/3000 B.C. Chalcolithic Age:

Dere Mahallesi Settlement and Graveyard Kozlu Atelier in Erbaa; Aklaya Mound, Destimelik Hill Settlement, Karayin Mound, Okçutepe Mound, Viran Mosque Mound and Akdo¤an Mound in Zile.

3300/3000 – 1900/1800 B.C. Early Bronze Age:

The best known Early Bronze Age center within Tokat borders is Maflat Mound in 20 km southeast of Zile. Another important center in the region is Horoztepe Mound.

1650 – 1450 B.C. Old Hittite Kingdom Era:

One of the best preserved and most interesting places of this era is Maflat Mound near Yal›nyaz› Village of Zile (with its Hittie name ‘Tapigga’). This center was first heard of after the discovery of a tablet during the excavations of the mound in 1943. 1450 – 1190 B.C. The Great Hittite Empire Era:

Settlements of Old Hittite Kingdom and later Great Hittite Empire founded after Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Ages are scattered over the watery valleys and fertile plains of Tokat.

1190’S B.C. Aegean Migration Movement of Tribes:

This movement, one of the biggest reasons of the col lapse of the Hittite Empire, coming from north of Greece in 1200s B.C. and passing through Thrace has affected the geography and political structure of Central Anatolia and determined its shape that was to last for long years.

800 – 696 B.C. The Phrygian State:

The Phrygrian State has captured K›z›l›rmak and Konya areas and the highlands of Central Anatolia during the period of King Midas. This way the Phrygian State held the total of today’s Tokat until its departure from history stage in 6th century B.C. SINCE 696 B.C. Kimmerian and Scythian Raids:

Among the warrior and cavalier nations Kimmers and Scythians are societies who lived in wide Eurasia steppes from Tuna River basin in the west to China in east and adopted nomadic life styles.

149 550 – 330 B.C. Persian State Era:

The most important action of Darius, the second famous ruler of Persians who ended Med rule in ‹ran in 550’s B.C., was the administrative structuring. He divided the Empire into 23 satrapies (provincial gorvernorship with military authority). Tokat, at first in the 2nd satrapy which covered a large area together with Erzincan (Eriza-Azi-riz) and Sivas areas, later remained within the borders of Great

Cappadocia (Katputukya: Land of Beautiful Horses). 336 – 323 B.C. Era of Alexander the Great:

Alexander, was affective in spreading of Ancient Greek Civilization to the east and became a legendary hero. He finished the conquest of West Anatolia in the winter of 334–333 B.C. He took over all of Asia Minor and Mesopotamia after winning Issos War in 333 B.C. 301 – 64/3 B.C. Pontus State Era:

Pontus Kingdom the only Anatolian State that defend ed the political integrity of Anatolia against Rome’s “Dividi et imperia” (divide and rule/ own) approach, was the ruling power of the region for 350 years before Roman Era.

64/3 B.C.–395 A.D. Roman Empire Era in the region: Julius Caesar came to Zile, Tokat in 47 B.C. and met the armies of Pharnake 2, the king of Basforos of Pontus origin who revolted against Rome, in Alt›a¤aç region. Everything was covered in five hours and Caesar who came along way and won a big victory had reported this to Rome as “Veni, vidi, vici” (I came, I saw, I conquered).

395 The start of the Byzantine Empire Era:

Byzantium the ruling power of the region in 4th and 5th centuries, based its political structure on districts called “thema”. The area that starts right in east of Sinop covering today’s Tokat and Amasya and extends to the coast of Çarflamba-Terme and the south parts of Sivas in the south was named as “Armeniakon Thema” in Byzantium.

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chronology

625 Sasanian attack on Tokat

Sasanis who entered Anatolia from the south in 625 was stopped by Byzantium army nearby Tokat-Sivas. 712 The Arabic raids that first started in 634 reached the maximum in 712 when the Arabic army under the com mand of Meleme conquered the region including Tokat to Black Sea.

732 The Arabic army under the famous Arabic commander Muaviye bin H›flam attacked Tokat and surroundings over Amasya during the period of Byzantium Emperor Leon 3 (717 – 741). However could not succeed despite highly damaging Byzantium armies. 740 When Muaviye Bin H›flam was not successful,

Suleiman bin H›flam attacked Byzantium armies in and around Tokat and Tokat was taken over by Arabs again.

860 Hasan bin Kahtaba an Abbasi commander and Malik bin Abdullah attacked Tokat to badly defeat the Byzantium armies in the fronts of Tokat. 1073 Although Normans took over parts of Niksar and

Amasya, that did not last very long.

1074 Tokat was conquered by Danishmend Ahmed Gazi. Besides Tokat, Gümenek (Komana), Turhal (Talaura), Zile (Zela), Amasya, Çorum, ‹skilip, Osmanc›k, Malatya and Sivas cities went under the rule of Danishmend.

1105 Danishmend Gazi was killed in the battle that he made against Byzantium and was buried in the tomb built to his name in Niksar.

1127 The headquarters of Danishmend was moved from Niksar to Malatya in 1127.

1139 – 1141The Byzantium Emperor Ioannes sieged

Niksar in 1139 to move Turks out of Anatolia. However the siege did not give the result that Byzantium army expected and Byzantium withdrew in 1141.

1143 Danishmend Principality was divided into three parts after Melik Mehmed Gazi’s death. Melik Mehmed’s son Zünnun started to rule Kayseri, while his brother Aynüddevle ruled Malatya’s and Ya¤›basan ruled Sivas and Tokat’s surroundings.

1143 – 1144Danishmend Bey (lord) Nizameddin

Ya¤›basan, (1142-1164) started construction work in Tokat. Ulua Camii (Mosque), Ya¤›basan Madrasah, Danishmend Gazi Tomb carry the traces of the Principality to our time.

1145 Niksar Ulu Mosque, a building that endured from the time of Danishmend Principality to our time was built in 1145.

151 1152 Çukur/Ya¤›basan Madrasah is believed to belong to

Ya¤›basan period (1142–1164) and to be built in the mid of 12th century, probably a few years after the Madrasah in Niksar.

1157 - 1158The epigraph of Niksar Ya¤›basan

Madrasah dated (1158) was found in Melik Gazi Tomb by ‹.H. Uzunçarfl›l›. K. fiahin however recorded the date of the epigraph as (1157). Although the name of Ya¤›basan is in the epigraph, the builder of the building is registered as Nizameddin Ya¤›basan and Ali A¤a in the Education Almanak dated 1897–1898. 1175 Seljuk ruler K›l›çarslan 2 wanted to maintain absolute

unity in Anatolia. For this reason he took over all of Danishmend Principality including Sivas and Tokat. Before his death K›l›çarslan divided Anatolian Seljuk State among his 11 sons. He left Tokat and surround ings to his son Rükneddin Süleymanflah.

1240 Turkomans of Tokat joined the insurgency of Baba ‹shak.

1277 It was determined that Gök Madrasah was built in 1277; it was started by Anatolian Seljuk statesman Pervane Muineddin Süleyman in that year and was completed by the daughter or a relative of the visier. 1289 Niksar was swept off by a flood.

1296 To¤açar Noyan governor of ‹lhanl› rioted Tokat. 1327 – 1381As the successors of ‹lhanl›lar, first Sivas

and then Eretna Principality with its center in Kayseri were founded in Tokat and surroundings.

1381 – 1399After the death of the last Eretna ruler Ali Bey, Kad› Burhaneddin, took over the seigniory by killing his son Mehmed II whom he was the regent to. In 1381 he defeated his rival Hac› fiadgeldi the ameer of Amasya and announced his reign. Kad›

Burhaneddin who expanded the borders of the seignior state by invading Niksar in 1387 and Turhal in 1388, have also invaded Tokat but was not able to take over the city. After the years lasting struggle with Zile, Turhal, Niksar and Tokat ameers, the local people asked for the help of Y›ld›r›m Bayezid. After that Y›ld›r›m Bayezid’s son Süleyman Çelebi took over Sivas, Amasya and Tokat in 1392. As per Evliya Çelebi, Y›ld›r›m Bayezid who named Tokat as Darü’n Nasr, has also had money printed here. Tokat and its surrounding could become Ottoman land entirely only in 1399.

1474 The name of Meydan Mosque built in the name of Bayezid II’s mother Gülbahar Hatun is Hatuniye Mosque in registeries.

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1518 Celâl from Turhal and also a Bozok Turkoman man aged to gather a great power like 20.000 people around him when he revolted againts Ottoman Empire.

1572 Ali Pafla Mosque in the south of Cumhuriyet Square, an important Ottoman building built by Ali Pafla during the period of Selim II.

1535 Behzat Mosque, built by Hoca Behzat the son of Fakih in Kanuni Sultan Süleyman period, is near Behzat Creek in Behzat Bazaar one of the characteristic places of Tokat.

1617 “The voivodeship of Sultanas (Mothers of Sultans) took place”.

1684 Tokat and surroundings were greatly damaged in the 1684 earthquake.

1863 Tokat became a “district”.

1878 Tokat was accepted as “governorship”. 1883 Tokat became a “shire” in 1883.

25 February 1919 Turkish Greeks, who were a mi nority group in Tokat before the Independence War, initiated activities aimed at founding a Pontus State in the region including Tokat and Samsun was desig nated as a centre. Muslims living in Tokat established the Tokat Branch of “Defense of the Rights of Black Sea Turks” as a precaution. 1920 Was identified as an “Independent shire"

26 June 1919

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk spent the night of June 26-27 1919 in Tokat when he was sent to Anatolia as the examiner of 9th Army.

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