Análisis de los salarios promedio nominales por nivel educativo

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White has enough play for a pawn and is not in any danger, but at the same time he can scarcely hope for any advantage.

As far as I can see, B ... ltJxd4 looks like a fully playable alternative to the more solid

B ... d6. We will now turn our attention to a very important anti-Marshall variation.

C) 8.a4

a b c d e f g h

8

•..

b4

B ... .tb7 is a respectable alternative, but I choose to focus on the text. We now consider

Cl) 9.d4

and

C2) 9.d3.

The following rarely played alternative should not be too threatening:

9.c3 d6

In this position it would be a mistake for Black to play 9 ... d5?!, as compared to the usual Marshall lines White has the extra defensive option of .tc4-fl .

1 0.d3

1 O.d4 bxc3 1 1 .dxe5 ( 1 1 .bxc3 .tg4 can only lead White to troubles, as the queenside is too open) 1 1 .. .ltJxe5 is fine for Black. In Karjakin - Svidler, Dresden 200B, White preferred the unusual 1 O.a5 �bB 1 1 ..tc4. In this position Svidler came up with a very interesting pawn sacrifice: 1 1 .. . .te6!? 1 2.ha6 �aB 1 3 . .tb5 ltJxa5 14.cxb4 ltJb3 1 5 .�xaB '!WxaB, with excellent compensation.

1 O .. J%bB 1 1 .ltJbd2 ltJa5 12 . .ta2 c5

We have transposed to line C2), page 1 72.

Cl) 9.d4 d6 10.dxe5

10 ... tDxe5

1 O • • • dxeS is possible, but it looks quite logical

to exchange the passive knight.

1 1.tDxe5

In Anand - Naiditsch, Dortmund 2004, White obtained no advantage with 1 1 .tDbd2 tDxf3t 1 2.tDxf3 i.b7 13.eS tDd7 1 4.e6 fxe6 l S.i.xe6t c;!;>h8 1 6.i.dS c6 1 7.i.a2 cS ( 1 7 ... dS also fine for Black) . The game soon ended in a draw after 1 8.i.dS i.xdS 1 9.'�·xdS tDb6 20.VNe6 i.f6 2 1 .aS tDd7 22.VNdS tDeS 23.tDd2 tDg4 24.tDf3 tDeS 2S.tDd2 tDg4 Y2-Y2.

l 1. .. dxeS

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a b c d e f g h

12.W9

White has also failed to demonstrate an advantage with other moves.

In Jansa - Smagin, Copenhagen 1 992, he achieved nothing with 1 2.i.gS i.cs 1 3.VNf3 i.g4! 14.,ixf6 VNxf6 1 S.VNxf6 gxf6. The doubled f-pawns were not really weak, and Black's powerful bishop pair gave him the advantage. After 1 2.VNe2 i.b7 1 3.f3 tDhS 1 4.g3 c;!;>h8

l S.i.e3 fS?! 1 6.exfS �xfS 1 7.tDd2 VNd6 1 8.i.c4! White stood better and eventually prevailed in Nisipeanu - Sokolov, Kerner 2007. However,

Marin has pointed out that Black should have preferred the preparatory l S ... VNc8!, intending ... fS. In this case his position would have been absolutely fine.

12 ... Ae6 13.tDd2 Ac5 14.h3 tDd7 15.We2

We7 16 . .ic4 a5

We have been following the encounter Dominguez - Navara, Turin 2006. Black eventually lost this game, but at this stage I see no reason to evaluate his chances as worse.

C2) 9.d3

The problem with the previous line, from White's point of view, is that the early exchanges removed a lot of tension from the position. The text, on the other hand, leads to much more subtle manoeuvring, with more chances for both players to outplay the opponent.

9 ... d6

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a b c d e f g h

10.tDbd2

There has a major alternative in: 1 0.aS

With this move White fixes the pawn on a6 as a potential target. On the negative side, he spends a tempo and presents Black with a square on bS, which might later be occupied by a rook.

Chapter 6 - Anti-Marshall 1 73

From here both sides will patiently try to improve their positions. Although the chances are approximately balanced, it is possible for either side to outplay the opponent if they understand the position better. We will now look at a few examples. In the present position White can occupy the c4-square with either minor piece: a) 1 2.'Dc4 h6

Black should safeguard the position of the bishop on e6.

1 3.h3

After 1 3.c3 bxc3 1 4.bxc3 W'c8 I S .i.a3 E:d8 1 6.i.a4 hc4 1 7.hc6 i.bS 1 8.hbS E:xbS Black has no problems, Sebag - Karj akin , Mainz 2007.

13 ... W'c8 1 4.i.e3 E:d8 I S.W'e2 i.f8 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a b c d e f g h

Black has organised his position solidly, and the chances are balanced. Let us follow the high level game Adams - Anand, San Luis 200S.

1 6.'Dfd2 'De7 1 7.d4 'Dg6 1 8.dS i.d7 1 9.i.a4 i.bS!

Black is happy to exchange bishops, but it will be on his own terms.

20.b3 i.e7 2 1 .E:ec1 c6 22.hbS E:xbS 23.'Db6 W'b7 24.dxc6 W'xc6 2S.W'c4 Y2-Y2

Evidently the players were content to share the point, although the game was far from dead. If anything, I would slightly prefer Black's chances after:

2S ... W'b7!

The idea is to play ... dS, with chances to take over the initiative in the centre.

b) 1 2.i.c4 W'c8 1 3.'Dfl

Black has nothing to fear from the slower 1 3.b3 'Dd7 1 4.'Dfl i.f6 I S .'De3 hc4 1 6.'Dxc4 'DcS 1 7.i.b2 'De6 with equal play, Jakovenko - Zhang Zhong, Taiyuan 2006. 1 3 ... h6

1 3 ... hc4 1 4.dxc4 would give White a nice grip on the centre.

1 4.'De3

1 4.h3 E:e8 I S .'De3 i.f8 1 6.i.d2 hc4 1 7.'Dxc4 W'e6 1 8.'Dh2 E:bS was equal in Leko - Grischuk, Dubai 2002.

1 4 ... E:e8 I S.'DdS 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 I S ... i.d8! a b c d e f g h

It would be too early to exchange on dS immediately, as the knight on c6 would have no good squares. We have been following the game Leko - Svidler, Moscow 2002, which continued:

1 6.i.d2 hdS

This is the correct timing, as the e7-square is available.

1 7.hdS 'DxdS 1 8.exdS 'De7 1 9.d4

After a period of accurate manoeuvring by both players, there follows a sequence of exchanges resulting in a completely equal position.

�a8 23.lDxb4

23.�f3 �d7 24.lDxb4 lDxb4 25.hb4 hb2 is also equal.

23 ... lDxb4 24.hb4 .txb2 25.�b 1 �-� Both of the above games are fairly typical for this line. The positions can sometimes be deceptively difficult, and demand a high level of understanding from both players. However, if Black plays accurately then his chances are by no means worse.

1 O ... tLl a5

1 O ... .te6 is a valid alternative. The last trend for White has been 1 1 .he6 fxe6 1 2.lDfl !?, bringing the knight to g3 before advancing in the centre. The position is playable for Black, but I consider it to be strategically slightly riskier than the main line.

1 1.L2 i.e6

Compared with the previous note, I believe that the extra move ... lDc6-a5 improves Black's chances by facilitating the space-gaining ... c5 advance. Black can also consider the immediate:

1 1 ... c5

In this case White should prefer a patient build up. The following examples illustrate the risks associated with a premature central expansion.

a) 1 2.c3 �b8 1 3.d4 .tg4!

This is a clever move. The pin on the knight actually has a serious impact on the opposite side of the board!

1 4.h3

No better is: 1 4.dxe5 dxe5 1 5.h3 hf3 1 6.�xf3 b3 ( 1 6 ... �c7 1 7 . .tc4 �b6=) 1 7 . .tb 1 c4+

1 4 ... hf3 1 5 .lDxf3 b3!

This is the idea: White's queenside pieces will be trapped! 1 6 . .tb 1 �c7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a b c d e f g h

White's queenside pieces are in serious danger of being imprisoned.

1 7.d5

It looks logical for White to rescue his bishop with 1 7 . .td3. However, in Corby - Mitchell, England 1 998, Black secured an excellent game with 1 7 ... exd4! 1 8.cxd4 c4 1 9 . .tfl d5! 20.exd5 lDxd5.

1 7.�e2!? c4 1 8 . .te3 seems to be the best choice for White. The position is rather double edged. On the one hand, if Black can maintain his blockade of the e4-pawn while somehow managing to exchange all of the kingside pieces, then he will be winning automatically. Unfortunately this is easier said than done. White has quite a strong position on the kingside, and it will hard for Black to achieve his ambitions without opening the position. Overall I would evaluate the position as unclear, with perhaps a very slight preference to Black.

1 7 ... c4=F

Compared with the above note, the closing of the centre is a big help to Black who no longer has to worry about maintaining the tension. Having said that, it is still not easy for Black to achieve his goal of exchanging the kingside pieces. In the end, White managed to escape with a draw in Kulaots ­ Bartel, Gjovik 2009.

Chapter 6 - Anti-Marshall 1 75

b) A more prudent option is: 1 2. lLlc4 lLlc6

From here the game Morozevich - Leko, Monte Carlo 2006, continued:

1 3.c3

This is not a bad move, although I would prefer a more patient build-up with 13.h3 or a developing move with the dark-squared bishop.

1 3 .. J�bB

Black has good prospects on the queenside. 1 4.h3 h6 1 5.d4 cxd4 1 6.cxd4 lLlxd4 1 7.lLlxd4 exd4 1 B.i.f4 i.e6

a b c d e f g h 1 9Jk 1 ?!

White could have maintained the balance with: 1 9.e5 lLld5 ( 1 9 ... dxe5 20.lLlxe5! is slightly awkward) 20.i.g3 dxe5 2 1 .i.xe5 �cB 22.YMxd4.

1 9 ... lLld7 20.i.b 1 i.g5! 2 1 .i.xg5 YMxg5 22.i.d3 lLle5

Black was clearly better and went on to win.

12.,be6 fxe6

The knight on a5 discourages the usual c3, d4 plan, as the knight would eye the potential holes on b3 and c4.

13.d4

If Black were allowed to play ... c5 then he would be very comfortable.

13

• • •

exd4 14.tLlxd4 V;Yd7 15.tLlfl c5

1 5 ... lLlc6 is also perfectly fine. Karjakin - Alekseev, Khanty-Mansiysk 2007, was soon agreed drawn after 1 6.lLlb3 YMeB 1 7.lLlg3 h5 1 B.h3 YMg6 1 9.YMe2 h4 20.lLlf1 lLlh5 �-Y2.

16.tLlf3 tLlc6 17.tLlg3 tLlg4 18.e5

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a b c d e f g h

So far we have been following the game Svidler - Navara, Crete 2007. Black opted for 1 B ... �adB, but failed to equalise after 1 9.exd6 i.xd6 20.i.g5. Black' s position is still defensible but clearly unpleasant. White eventually won.

Far stronger would have been the natural central strike:

18

• • •

d5!

One can only assume that Black was afraid of:

19.h3

However, it seems that he has two satisfactory responses here.

By far the simplest reaction would be 1 9 ... �xf3 20.YMxf3 lLlgxe5 2 1 .YMe2 i.d6 with good compensation for a very small material investment.

It also looks interesting to consider: 1 9 ... lLlxf2!? 20.<tt>xf2 i.h4! 2 1 .�e4! YMe7 22.�f4 g5!

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a b c d e f g h Two possible continuations:

a) After 23J:l:xh4 gxh4 24.�f1 �xe5 25.� 1 h2 �xf3 26. �xf3 �f5 Black is doing well.

b) 23.�xh4 looks better, when there follows 23 ... gxf4 24.VNg4t @h8 25.�e2 �xe5 26.VNh5 VNf6 with a highly unclear position.

D) 8.h3

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a b c d e f g h This is the anti-Marshall of the new millennium! The text became fashionable during the past decade, and remains a common occurrence at high level tournaments.

8 ... Ab7

This is the typical move for Marshall players. Black retains the option of ... d5 . Of course, if your repertoire also includes the Gajewski then

there is nothing to stop you from transposing with 8 ... d6 9.c3 etc.

9.d3

9.c3 can be met by 9 ... d5! 1 0.exd5 �xd5. a) 1 1 .�xe5? is almost suicidal, as after 1 1 ... �xe5

1 2.�xe5 we reach a normal Marshall except that Black has been gifted the free developing move ... j,b7, while White has wasted time on the weaking h2-h3. Black is almost winning after 1 2 ... �f4! 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a b c d e f g h

For instance, 1 3.d4 (after 1 3.f3 j,d6 the black queen will shortly join in the fun) 1 3 ... �xg2 1 4.VNg4 �h4 1 5.�d2 @h8!, Laouini - Henni, Cairo 1 998. White faces the extremely unpleasant threat of ... f5.

b) 1 1 .d3 is not so bad, but can hardly threaten Black after 1 1 ...VNd6 1 2.�bd2 �ad8 1 3.�e4 VNg6, Fischer - Szabo, Portoroz 1 958.

c) 1 1 .d4 is well met by 1 1 .. .exd4 1 2.cxd4 �a5!?:

Chapter 6 - Anti-Marshall 1 77

Black takes the opportunity to eliminate the 'Spanish bishop' from the board. Daulyte - Azarov, Warsaw 200S, continued 1 3.i.c2 lDb4

1 4.i.e4 (If White is going to exchange this bishop, he would sooner do it for a bishop than a knight) 1 4 ... i.xe4 I S.�xe4 i.f6 1 6.lDc3 lDdS 1 7.lDeS cS!, when Black was even beginning to take over the initiative.

9 ... d5!?

This was an important discovery. For several years it was presumed that White was doing enough to prevent this sacrifice, but it now appears fully playable. The alternative was 9 ... d6. This leads to positions similar to those considered in variation C) above, with some subtle differences. Black's position is perfectly playable, but our main line is much more in the spirit of the Marshall.

10.exd5 ttlxd5

In document UNIVERSIDAD CENTROAMERICANA JOSE SIMEON CAÑAS (página 60-0)