• To compute the fill
Geodesy Unit 3: road construction 79
Data on the Internet
You can download the data for the exercises in this guide from Allplan Connect, our service portal.
Downloading data
You can download the training data from Allplan Connect, the international service portal for all Allplan users.
Go to
connect.allplan.com
• Use your customer number and email address to register.
Registration is free and not subject to any conditions.
The whole process only takes a few minutes.
• You can find the training data for this step-by-step guide in Allplan Connect in the Learn area - Documentation - Step by Step.
• In addition to the training data, you can find the latest version of this document as a PDF file.
• Download the training data from Allplan Connect, open the zipped file and copy all data to any folder (C:\data\allgeo, for example).
Note: Serviceplus customers have access to a number of advanced step-by-step guides in Allplan Connect's Learn area. It usually takes one to two working days until you can access this restricted area and download these documents. Please note that this service is available to Serviceplus customers only.
For general information on Serviceplus, go to http://www.nemetschek-allplan.de/serviceplus
Exercise 5: importing DTM files
You will create a realistic digital terrain model based on a finished point file. This way, you do not have to enter all points manually. In this section you will import the file and create a DTM by meshing the points.
The entire process involves five steps:
• In the Services application, import the files (for the DTM and the road location line) into the current project.
• Import the point file into the current drawing file.
• To mesh points to form a digital terrain model
• Copy the DTM to another drawing file (for computing the cut and fill).
• Import the road location line as a composite element (in the Site Plan module).
To import files into the data exchange folder
1 Switch to the Services application.
2 Click DXF/DWG, point to DTM files and choose Restore DTM files.
Geodesy Unit 3: road construction 81 3 A dialog box opens. Select the folder to which the files are to be
imported.
4 As the point files are to be copied to a subfolder, select User exchange folder and click OK to confirm.
The Browse for Folder dialog box opens where Allplan prompts you to specify the source of the data.
5 Select the folder with the data (e.g. C:\data\allgeo) and click OK to confirm.
If you use this step-by-step guide as a PDF file on CD, insert the CD in the appropriate drive and then navigate to this drive:
<CD drive letter e.g. E>:\DATA\ALLGEO Click OK to confirm.
6 The Multi-select dialog box appears.
7 Click allgeo.re1 and wegachse.re1 and click OK to confirm.
The files are imported into
...\Nemetschek\Allplan\2014\Usr\Local\I_O.
The next step is to import the terrain model onto a separate drawing file. In advance you use Terrain Point to specify which
parameters are to be assigned to the points (symbol, text, size, etc.) to be imported.
To import the point file into the current drawing file
1 Switch back to Allplan 2014.
2 Click Open on a Project-Specific Basis (Default toolbar), make drawing file 21 current and close all the others.
3 Set the reference scale in the border of the viewport to 1:1000.
4 To define the parameters for the points to be imported, click Terrain Point (Advanced Draft flyout).
Tip: To open the user exchange folder directly in Windows Explorer, select the Service menu, point to Windows Explorer and click My own CAD documents (USR).
Geodesy Unit 3: road construction 83 5 Set the following parameters on the context toolbar:
• Click Text and switch off Additional text and Special text. By doing so, the points are not labeled when they are imported.
• Click Symbol, select symbol 1 and set the symbol size to 1.
• Enter the other parameters as shown below. You do not need to set Pnt No (point number) exactly as the points have already numbers (from the file). But the point number has to be enabled so that points created later are numbered.
6 Press ESC to quit the Terrain Point tool.
7 To import the point file, click Import, Export Point File (Digital Terrain Model flyout).
8 Set the following parameters on the context toolbar:
F Type: Coor F (coordinate file) F Ext: re1
Imp/Ex: Import (import file) Set the other parameters as shown.
9 Click Apply to confirm the settings.
The folder specified in the Save/load area on the Desktop environment page ( Options) is preset in the open dialog box.
10 Set the path to the user exchange folder
(...\Nemetschek\Allplan\2014\Usr\Local\I_O), select the allgeo.re1 file and click Open to confirm the dialog box.
The file is imported to the current drawing file.
11 Press ESC to quit the Import, Export Point File tool.
12 Click Zoom All at the bottom of the viewport to display all the points.
Your drawing should now look like this:
Tip: To label points you have already imported:
1st step: create a coordinate file from the points you want to label (using the
Import, Export Point File tool).
2nd step: delete the points on the drawing file or switch to a different drawing file (otherwise the points exist twice).
3rd step: select the desired text (in Terrain Point).
4th step: import the points again.
Geodesy Unit 3: road construction 85
Exercise 6: creating and activating a profile section
In the following exercise, you will create the digital terrain model by meshing points to form triangles.
Then you will copy the DTM to a different drawing file so that the original terrain is available for subsequent cut and fill calculations.
Finally, you will import the file with the road location line.
To mesh points to form a digital terrain model
1 Click Mesh, Optimize Grid (Digital Terrain Model flyout).
2 Double-click with the right mouse button in the workspace to address all the points in the drawing file.
3 Press ESC to quit the Mesh, Optimize Grid tool.
The DTM should now look like this:
As the original terrain is required for subsequent cut and fill calculations, copy the imported model to another drawing file.
4 On the File menu, click Copy, Move Elements between
5 The Across documents dialog box opens. Select the Copy option and click OK to confirm.
6 Select drawing file 25 and click OK to confirm.
7 In the input options, click All or double-click with the right mouse button in the workspace to address all the elements in the drawing file.
The Copy, Move Elements between Documents tool closes automatically.
8 To import the file with the road location line, click Import, Export Point File (Advanced Draft flyout).
9 On the context toolbar, click F Type, select Composite element and click Apply to confirm the settings.
10 Double-click the wegachse.re1 file with the left mouse button in the open dialog box.
The result should look like this (the illustration shows the road location line highlighted in blue):
Geodesy Unit 3: road construction 87
As 'Create composite element with fixed format properties' is selected in the Options and Color stands for pen is not selected in Show/Hide (Default toolbar), the composite element is displayed in different colors.
The next step is to define a profile section through the terrain. The imported road location line will serve as the bearer element. Based on this profile section, you will then generate an extract and draw the gradient.
To create a profile section
1 Click Profile Section (Digital Terrain Model flyout).
2 Click the DTM of which you want to create a profile section.
Road location line
3 Set the following parameters on the context toolbar:
• Grid: Yes
• Stat S: 0 (automatic station difference, only possible when Grid is set to Yes or Spec)
• P Type: Longit
4 Set the other parameters as shown:
5 Click the road location line to define the section line.
Tip: If you have not clicked the road location line exactly, an orthogonal section line is created. Press ESC to quit the tool, click
Undo (Standard toolbar), zoom in on the DTM and start again!
6 Press ESC to quit the Profile Section tool.
The road location line is stationed at the points where it intersects the grid lines.
Geodesy Unit 3: road construction 89 Now you will create an extract and place it below the DTM.
To place an extract
1 Click Activate Profile Section (Digital Terrain Model flyout).
2 Click the profile section.
Note: If the warning Define Pattern Line first! appears when you click the profile section, select Pattern Line Settings (Format toolbar), choose any pattern line and click OK to confirm.
3 Set the following parameters on the Context toolbar:
Note: Make sure that the Aspect parameter is set to 1.
4 Place the extract below the DTM.
5 Press ESC to quit the Activate Profile Section tool.
The extract should look like this:
Height
Station
Reference height of horizon and reference scale of height
The reference horizon's upper limit and the height's reference scale are mutually dependent. Allplan calculates the reference horizon based on the values you specify for the height level and the smallest height of the terrain.
In this example, the profile is defined by 5.00 and 15.00 [mm] for the terrain above the profile box. With the height's reference scale set to 1:1000, these values result in a length of 20.00 m. The smallest height of the terrain is -13.068 m.
The maximum height of the reference horizon is thus -13,068 – 20,00 = -33.068 m.
When you enter 500 for the height's reference scale, the same values result in a length of 10.00 m and the maximum height of the reference horizon is -13.068 – 10.00 = -23.068 m.
This value is displayed in the Input options when you select the horizon. When you change the height's reference scale to 1000, Allplan will automatically set the height of the reference horizon to the maximum value.
Geodesy Unit 3: road construction 91 Next, you will delete the profile section as it is no longer required.
To delete the profile using the DTM filter
The Digital Terrain Model module (Terrain family) is selected in the Tools palette.
1 Click Delete incl. Contours and Elevation Points (Tools palette, Change area).
2 To delete the profile section only, use a filter. On the Filter Assistant toolbar, click Filter by DTM Element Type (Filter by Element Type flyout):
3 Select Profile section and click OK to confirm.
4 Use the left mouse button to open a selection rectangle around the entire profile section.
5 Press ESC to quit the Delete incl. Contours and Elevation Points tool.
Using several profiles in an extract
You can also use several profiles (even from different DTMs) in an extract.
Several identical profiles in an extract
You can display the original status, planning, and spoil status of a terrain in an extract in order to measure the differences in area, for example. To do this, create a profile section for each DTM with an identical clipping line (for example, by using the same bearer element each time). Activate all the drawing files and select the relevant clipping lines.
Example of a longitudinal profile with several horizons:
Center of
Height lines without skew
Station
Geodesy Unit 3: road construction 93 Several different profiles in an extract
What is important when creating the profile sections is the stationing of the individual profiles. For the profile section to be displayed without breaks, the end station of the first profile section must match the start station of the second profile section.
Example: activating a transverse profile and a longitudinal profile The end station of the first (transverse) profile is 1.3 m.
Consequently, the first station of the second (longitudinal) profile must also be 1.3. Therefore, the second element must be a composite element as a station origin can only be defined here.
Longit
Summing up the horizons with sequential stations
Height lines with skew
Exercise 7: adjusting height of road location line to gradient
You will enter the height gradient of the road as a spline in the extract placed. In practice, you will probably design the gradient more precisely and, for example, use Line and Fillet or import a file.
To ensure that this step-by-step guide is clear and easy to understand, you will use a simple spline for the gradient.
To draw a gradient
1 Click Spline (Create menu - Draft module).
2 Leave the settings as they are and draw the spline in the extract.
Note the sequence (points 1 to 5) in which you enter the spline (see below).
To ensure that the length and the direction of the gradient coincide with the length and direction of the road line, click the left start point of the extract (1) to define the starting point of the spline and click the right end point of the extract (5) to define the end point of the spline.
Tip: On the Format toolbar, select a different color for the spline so that it is clearly visible.
Height
Station
Geodesy Unit 3: road construction 95 3 Press ESC to finish creating the spline.
4 Press ESC to quit the Spline tool.
The following should now be displayed on your screen:
Now you will station the road location line. This way, you define the polygonization of the road, the points for exactly transferring the height from the gradient and the location of transverse profiles you will create later.
To station the road location line
1 Click Station Element (Site Plan flyout).
2 In the input options, click Select point symbol and select symbol 2.
3 Click the road location line.
4 Enter 10.0 for the station difference in the dialog line.
The road location line is stationed.
5 Press ESC to quit the Station Element tool.
Tip: If you have created or imported a gradient that has the wrong direction, change the direction of the composite element before
In the next step, you will use Modify Terrain Point Height to adjust the road location line to the gradient. The stationing points will be raised or lowered to the height of the gradient.
To adjust the road location line to the gradient
1 Click Modify Terrain Point Height (Site Plan flyout).
2 Click the road location line.
The start point is indicated by a small direction arrow.
3 Click the gradient you have just drawn as a spline in the extract.
4 Enter -3.993 for the reference height (as specified in the extract).
The road location line is adjusted to the height of the gradient at the stationing points.
5 Press ESC to quit the Modify Terrain Point Height tool.
3
This is the height of the first point
Height
Station
Geodesy Unit 3: road construction 97
Exercise 8: torsion trace
The following exercise involves creating a torsion trace. You will then use this torsion trace to create the transverse slope of the road automatically.
To create a torsion trace
1 Select the Site Plan module in the Tools palette.
2 Click Label (Tools palette, Create area).
3 In the Input options, click Tors (torsion trace).
4 Click the road location line.
5 Enter the value 1. This value defines how many units of length are used to display a torsion of 1%.
6 Enter the speed: 40.
7 Place the torsion trace below the extract.
The torsion for the right roadside is displayed as a dashed line;
the one for the left roadside as a continuous line.
A = Torsion for left roadside B = Torsion for right roadside 8 Press ESC to quit the Label tool.
Tip: The font size used to label the torsion trace depends on the settings of the text parameters in
Modify Composite Element.
Now, you will create the roadsides as parallel lines to the road location line at a distance of 3.5 m.
To create parallel lines
1 Click Parallel Line Segments (Site Plan flyout).
2 Create the parallel lines at a distance of 3.5 m from the road location line. Your drawing should now look like this:
3 Press ESC to quit Parallel Line Segments.
Geodesy Unit 3: road construction 99 Next, you will station the roadsides by dropping a perpendicular from the stationing points of the road location line to the roadsides.
The transverse slope of the road is computed from the torsion trace created beforehand; Allplan automatically calculates the height values for the roadsides.
To station the roadsides
1 Click Perpendicular through Station (Site Plan flyout).
2 Click the road location line.
3 Click the torsion trace (see below).
4 Click the torsion trace for the roadside on the left (which is represented by a continuous line).
5 Click the roadside on the left.
6 Repeat steps 2 to 5 for the other roadside. Click the torsion trace for the right roadside (which is represented by a dashed line).
7 Press ESC to quit the Perpendicular through Station tool.
8 We recommend working with 3 Viewports (zoom in on the drawing, hide grid points and triangular lines and select the Color stands for pen option) to look at the new points:
Geodesy Unit 3: road construction 101
Exercise 9: slope
The following exercise shows how to create a slope.
To create a slope
1 Click Slope (Digital Terrain Model flyout).
2 Click the DTM.
3 Click the roadside on the left (see below) to define the first element of the slope.
Make sure that you do not click the element near a stationing point.
4 In the input options, click Polygonize entire element and click the start point of the left roadside, which is highlighted in red.
5 Click the roadside on the right (see below) to define the second element of the slope.
6 Click the end point of the right roadside, which is highlighted in red (see below).
This illustration does not show the grid lines and points so that you can see better.
7 Press ESC to finish entering the outline of the slope. The polyline closes automatically.
8 Enter the parameters for the slope:
Incl: 1:x Cut: 1.000 Fill: 1.500
9 As you do not want to define several sloping regions with different angles, confirm the prompt displayed in the dialog line.
The slope is created. Your drawing should now look like this:
Tip: If you want to define different inclinations,
enter the station to which the inclination is to apply in step 9, then define a new inclination, enter the station to which this inclination is to apply and so on.
Geodesy Unit 3: road construction 103