Vocabulario religioso islámico y cristiano

However, trade constraints and bottlenecks exist and subject the merchant community to a lot of inconvenience along the Poonch-Rawalkot road, and which the merchant

11 _{Kanti Bajpai, Human security: Concept and measurement, John B Kroc Institute for International}

Peace, University of Norte Dame, Occasional paper no. 19, August 2000, Available at http://

www.nd.edu/krocinst/ocpapers/09_19_1.PDF+search-human.%2security

12 _{Rekha Chowdhary, “The Political Economy of Cross-LoC Trade,” Jammu and Kashmir Trade}

across the Line of Control, Conciliation Resources, London, Discussion Papers, December 2010,

p.16.

13 _{Bases on interview with some elderly people of Poonch and Rawalakot whom the investigator met}

near Zero Line and Cross LoC trade Centre Chakan-Da-Bagh Poonch in June 2011 and July 2012 respectively.

14 _{Based on interview with Jatinder Singh, Additional Deputy Commissioner, Poonch on June 9,}

2012.

Chapter VII Revival of Poonch-Rawalakot Road: Bottlenecks, Benefits & Opportunities

community happily bears with to fulfill an emotional objective.15 To quote the President of the Muzaffarabad Chamber of Commerce and Industries,“The manner in which Cross-LoC trade was initially conducted; it was not a business of profit, but out and out a business of loss. Aware of all bottlenecks and losses, we were still serious about it because we respect the gestures behind this (Cross-LoC trade). In course of time, however, we made up the losses. We can’t part with it for it is a key to the long term peace and cooperation between two parts of Kashmir,”16 _{provided peace process}

is continued,17 _{and no further Mumbai type attacks occur.}18

Similarly, a requisite infrastructure is not in place for conducting duty-free trade on the Poonch-Rawalakot route. The Trade Facilitation Officers (TFOs) have been constantly urging for creating Trade Facilitation Centers (TFCs) to store and insure goods at Poonch for the reason that more than desired scrutiny and screening of goods cause un-necessary delay in offloading and reloading, which damages, per se, fresh fruits and depreciates their value in the market. Thus a fairly large scanning machine to scan the entire truckload at one time is deficient.

Further, since the entire trade is based on barter, the value of trading commodities is hard to determine. The businessmen are, as such, pushed to difficulties in settling their accounts. Last but not the least, the absence of money exchange.19 and

15 _{Moeed Yusuf, “Promoting Cross-LoC trade in Kashmir,” United States Institute of Peace,}

Washington DC., Special Report 230, August 2008, p.10.

16 _{Epilogue, Vol. 2, Issue 10, November 2008, Jammu, J&K India,.p.35; Faheem Aslam, “Cross-}

LoC trade has peace-building potential,” Greater Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India, March 26, 2011.

17 _{Rekha Chowdary, “The Political Economy of Cross-LoC Trade,” Jammu and Kashmir Trade}

across the Line of Control, Conciliation Resources, London, Discussion Papers, December

2010, p.15.

18 _{Shaheen Akther, “Expanding Cross-LoC Interactions Perspective from Pakistan,” Institute of}

Peace and Conflict Studies, New Delhi, IPSC Issue130, September 2009, p.2.

19 _{Smruti Pattanaik and Dr. Arpita Anant’s, “Cross-LoC Confidence Building Measures between}

India and Pakistan: A Giant Leap or a Small Step towards Peace,” Institute of Defence Studies

and Analysis, New Delhi, Issue Brief, 12 February 2010, p.1.Their opinion was supported by the

TFO and the business community at the Cross-LoC Trade Centre Chakan-Da-Bagh Poonch,

Chapter VII Revival of Poonch-Rawalakot Road: Bottlenecks, Benefits & Opportunities

limited number of twenty-one commodities, is seen as stifling the potential for trade in other items. Likewise, there is no provision for meeting of J&K and PAK traders of Poonch and Rawalakot. While PAK traders can make a telephonic call to their J&K counterparts for settling trade terms, their Indian counterparts are barred to do so for security reasons. Above all, the local traders have little or no role in the ongoing LoC trade. Such a right is vested with the merchant communities of proper Amritsar and New Delhi from Indian side20 _{and Karachi and Lahore from PAK side. The local}

traders are, therefore, simply the agents of great trade monopolists of proper India and Pakistan,21 _{who alone determine the commodity structure and their allied prices.}22

They bribe the authorities and carry out proxy trade (trading in commodities other than specified in Trade Agreement between India and Pakistan), and get tax exemptions in the so-called name of Kashmiri goods.23 Non-Kashmirian goods like garlic and herbs have a great demand in J&K and so have red chilies and coconut in PAK. All such goods are traded in the name of Kashmirian goods.24

http://www.idsa.in/system/files/CrossLoCCBMbetweenIndiaandPakistan.pdf (Accessed on

October10, 2012).

20 _{Malik Javeed Iqbal, “Cross-Line of Control Trade: a step towards peace Building and Conflict}

Resolution,” Jammu and Kashmir Trade across the Line of Control, Conciliation Resources, London: Discussion Papers December 2010, p.28.

21 _{Based on interview with Pawan Anand, President of Cross LoC Traders Association at Poonch}

on June 8, 2012.

22 _{Malik Javeed Iqbal, “Cross-Line of Control Trade: a step towards peace Building and Conflict}

Resolution,” Jammu and Kashmir Trade across the Line of Control, Conciliation Resources, London, Discussion Papers , December 2010, p.28.

23 _{Ershad Mahmud, “Bringing Peace and Development Control Trade: a step towards peace}

Building and Conflict Resolution,” Jammu and Kashmir Trade across the Line of Control, Conciliation Resources, London, Discussion Papers, December 2010, pp.28, 36.

24 _{Indian Express, Delhi, India, August 16, 2011.}

Chapter VII Revival of Poonch-Rawalakot Road: Bottlenecks, Benefits & Opportunities

3. Reopening with Multiple Benefits: