ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND URBAN RENEWAL OF A UNESCO LISTED HISTORICAL CENTER: THE CASE OF PORTO

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LÓPEZ, M.; YÁÑEZ, A.; GOMES DA COSTA, S.; AVELLÀ, L., (Coord.). Actas del Congreso Internacional de Eficiencia Energética y Edificación Histórica / Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Historic Buildings (Madrid, 29-30 Sep. 2014). Madrid: Fundación de Casas Históricas y Singulares y Fundación Ars Civilis, 2014. ISBN: 978-84-617-3440-5

Edited by

Fundación de Casas Históricas y Singulares Fundación Ars Civilis

Coordinated by

Mónica López Sánchez. Fundación Ars Civilis

Ana Yáñez Vega. Fundación de Casas Históricas y Singulares Sofia Gomes da Costa. Fundación de Casas Históricas y Singulares Lourdes Avellà Delgado. Fundación Ars Civilis

© Copyright

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PRESENTACIÓN ... 11

Eficiencia energética y edificación histórica: un reto del presente... 13

-Cristina Gutiérrez-Cortines y Mónica López Sánchez. Fundación Ars Civilis Eficiencia energética y edificación histórica: un reto del futuro ... 14

-Ana Yáñez Vega. Fundación de Casas Históricas y Singulares Committees ... 15

Programme ... 16

-Governance, management, participation and mediation...- 21 -

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ACTION FOR WORLD HERITAGE MANAGEMENT ... 22

-RONCHINI, C.; POLETTO, D. ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND URBAN RENEWAL OF A UNESCO-LISTED HISTORICAL CENTER: THE CASE OF PORTO ... 38

-SANTOS, Á.; VALENÇA, P.; SEQUEIRA, J. HISTORICAL HERITAGE: FROM ENERGY CONSUMER TO ENERGY PRODUCER. THE CASE STUDY OF THE ‘ALBERGO DEI POVERI’ OF GENOA, ITALY ... 45

-FRANCO, G.; GUERRINI, M.; CARTESEGNA, M. IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HISTORIC CORNISH BUILDINGS – GRANT FUNDING, MONITORING AND GUIDANCE ... 61

-RICHARDS, A. ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE VALUES: REFLECTION, CONFLICTS AND SOLUTIONS ... 75

-GIANCOLA, E.; HERAS, M. R. PROPUESTA METODOLÓGICA PARA LA REHABILITACIÓN SOSTENIBLE DEL PATRIMONIO CONTEXTUAL EDIFICADO. EL CASO DEL CENTRO HISTÓRICO DE LA CIUDAD DE MÉRIDA, YUCATÁN / Methodological proposal for the sustainable rehabilitation of context heritage building. The case of the historic downtown of Merida, Yucatan ... 82

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Traditional and technological knowledge: concepts, techniques, practices, uses,

materials, methodologies ...- 99 -

SUSTAINABLE REFURBISHMENT OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS: RISKS, SOLUTIONS AND

BEST PRACTICE ... 100

-HEATH, N.

EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA Y VALORES PATRIMONIALES. LECCIONES DE UNA

INVESTIGACIÓN Y UN SEMINARIO / Energy efficiency and heritage values. Lessons of

a Research and a Seminar ... 110

-GONZÁLEZ MORENO-NAVARRO, J. L.

ARCHITECTURAL INTEGRATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS IN HISTORIC DISTRICTS.

THE CASE STUDY OF SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA ... 118

-LUCCHI, E.; GAREGNANI, G.; MATURI, L.; MOSER, D.

HISTORIC BUILDING ENERGY ASSESSMENT BY MEANS OF SIMULATION TECHNIQUES ... 135

-SOUTULLO, S.; ENRIQUEZ, R.; FERRER, J. A.; HERAS, M. R.

DESIGN OF A CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN A WALL-HEATED

CHURCH: SANTA MARIA ODIGITRIA IN ROME ... 145

-MANFREDI, C.; FRATERNALI, D.; ALBERICI, A.

EXEMPLARY ENERGETICAL REFURBISHMENT OF THE GERMAN ACADEMY IN ROME

"VILLA MASSIMO" ... 160

-ENDRES, E.; SANTUCCI, D.

SISTEMA MÓVIL INTEGRADO PARA LA REHABILITACIÓN ENERGÉTICA DE EDIFICIOS: LÁSER 3D, TERMOGRAFÍA, FOTOGRAFÍA, SENSORES AMBIENTALES Y BIM / Integrated mobile system for building energy rehabilitation: 3D laser, termography, fotography,

environmental sensors and BIM ... 169

-SÁNCHEZ VILLANUEVA, C.; FILGUEIRA LAGO, A.; ROCA BERNÁRDEZ, D.; ARMESTO GONZÁLEZ, J.; DÍAZ VILARIÑO, L.; LAGÜELA LÓPEZ, S.; RODRÍGUEZ VIJANDA, M.; NÚÑEZ SUÁREZ, J.; MARTÍNEZ GÓMEZ, R.

CONSECUENCIAS CONSTRUCTIVAS Y ENERGÉTICAS DE UNA MALA PRÁCTICA. ARQUITECTURAS DESOLLADAS / Energy and constructive consequences of a bad

practice. Skinned architectures ... 186

-DE LUXÁN GARCÍA -DE DIEGO, M.; GÓMEZ MUÑOZ, G.; BARBERO BARRERA, M.; ROMÁN LÓPEZ, E.

EL BIENESTAR TÉRMICO MÁS ALLÁ DE LAS EXIGENCIAS NORMATIVAS. DOS CASOS. DOS ENFOQUES / Thermal comfort beyond legislation. Two examples. Two

approaches ... 201

-DOTOR, A.; ONECHA, B.; GONZÁLEZ, J. L.

LA MONITORIZACIÓN Y SIMULACIÓN HIGROTÉRMICA COMO HERRAMIENTA PARA LA MEJORA DEL CONFORT, PRESERVACIÓN Y AHORRO ENERGÉTICO DE ESPACIOS

PATRIMONIALES. EL CASO DE LA IGLESIA DE SAN FRANCISCO DE ASIS, MORÓN DE LA FRONTERA / Measurement and hygrothermal simulation model, a tool to enhance thermal comfort, preservation and saving energy of heritage site. Case study: the

church of San Francisco of Asís in Morón de la Frontera ... 210

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TERESE3: HERRAMIENTA INFORMÁTICA PARA LA EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA MEDIANTE

LA SIMULACIÓN CALIBRADA DE EDIFICIOS / TERESE3_{: informatic tool for the energetic}

efficiency through the calibrated simulation of buildings ... 226

-GRANADA, E.; EGUÍA, P.; MARTÍNEZ, R.; NÚÑEZ, J.; RODRÍGUEZ, M.

EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA Y ANÁLISIS TÉRMICO PARA SISTEMAS DE AIRE

CENTRALIZADO: UN CASO DE ESTUDIO / Energy Efficiency and thermal analysis for

centralized air heating systems: a case study ... 238

-MARTÍNEZ-GARRIDO, M. I.; GOMEZ-HERAS, M.; FORT, R.; VARAS-MURIEL, M. J.

ANALISIS ENERGETICO DEL MUSEO DE HISTORIA DE VALENCIA MEDIANTE DISTINTAS HERRAMIENTAS DE SIMULACIÓN / Energy assessment of the History Museum of

Valencia using various simulation tools ... 249

-TORT-AUSINA, I.; VIVANCOS, J.L.; MARTÍNEZ-MOLINA, A.; MENDOZA, C. M.

APROVECHAMIENTO SOLAR PASIVO EN LA RETÍCULA URBANA DE LA CIUDAD HISTÓRICA. EL CASO DE CÁDIZ / Passive solar gains in the urban grid of the historic

city. The case study of Cadiz ... 257

-SÁNCHEZ-MONTAÑÉS, B.; RUBIO-BELLIDO, C.; PULIDO-ARCAS, J. A.

TECHNICAL SYSTEM HISTORY AND HERITAGE: A CASE STUDY OF A THERMAL POWER

STATION IN ITALY ... 275

-PRETELLI, M.; FABBRI, K.

ANALISIS ENERGÉTICO Y PROPUESTAS DE MEJORA DE UNA CASA EN REQUENA MEDIANTE PROGRAMAS DE SIMULACIÓN / Energy analysis and improvement

proposal of a house in Requena (Spain) using simulation software ... 281

-TORT-AUSINA, I.; VIVANCOS, J.L.; MARTÍNEZ-MOLINA, A.; MENDOZA, C. M.

UNA REVISIÓN DE PUBLICACIONES EN EDIFICIOS DESDE EL ASPECTO ENERGÉTICO / A

review of papers in buildings from the energetic perspective ... 292

-TORT-AUSINA, I.; MARTÍNEZ-MOLINA, A.; VIVANCOS, J.L.

MORTEROS MIXTOS DE CAL Y CEMENTO CON CARACTERÍSTICAS TÉRMICAS Y ACÚSTICAS MEJORADAS PARA REHABILITACIÓN / Lime-cement mixture with

improved thermal and acoustic characteristics for rehabilitation ... 303

-PALOMAR, I.; BARLUENGA, G.; PUENTES, J.

NEAR ZERO ENERGY HISTORIC BUILDING. TOOLS AND CRITERIA FOR ECOCOMPATIBLE

AND ECOEFFICIENT CONSERVATION ... 318

-BAIANI, S.

INTEGRANDO RENOVABLES EN LA CIUDAD HEREDADA: GEOTERMIA URBANA /

Integrating renewable in the inherited city: urban geothermal ... 329

-SACRISTÁN DE MIGUEL, M. J.

ANÁLISIS Y PROPUESTAS DE MEJORA DE LA EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA DE UN EDIFICIO HISTÓRICO DE CARTAGENA: ANTIGUO PALACIO DEL MARQUÉS DE CASA-TILLY / Analysis and proposals for improving the energy efficiency of a historical building in

Cartagena: the former Palace of the Marquis of CasaTilly ... 344

-COLLADO ESPEJO, P. E.; MAESTRE DE SAN JUAN ESCOLAR, C.

REHABILITACIÓN ENERGÉTICA DE EDIFICIOS DE VIVIENDAS BAJO EL PLAN ESPECIAL DE PROTECCIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO URBANÍSTICO CONSTRUIDO EN DONOSTIA-SAN SEBASTIÁN / Building energy retrofit of dwellings under the special plan of urban

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MARTÍN, A.; MILLÁN, J. A.; HIDALGO, J. M.; IRIBAR, E.

IS TEMPERIERUNG ENERGY EFFICIENT? THE APPLICATION OF AN OLD-NEW HEATING

SYSTEM TO HERITAGE BUILDINGS ... 366

-DEL CURTO, D.; LUCIANI, A.; MANFREDI, C.; VALISI, L.

TERMOGRAFÍA INFRARROJA Y EDIFICIOS HISTÓRICOS ... 380

-MELGOSA, S.

SIMULATION MODEL CALIBRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF REAL USE HISTORIC

BUILDINGS ... 388

-ENRÍQUEZ, R.; JIMÉNEZ, M.J.; HERAS, M.R.

THE THERMOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TECHNICAL ELEMENTS IN THE

HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE: EXPERIENCES IN PALERMO ... 397

-GENOVA, E.; FATTA, G.

ENERGY EVALUATION OF THE HVAC SYSTEM BASED ON SOLAR ENERGY AND

BIOMASS OF THE CEDER RENOVATED BUILDING ... 407

-DÍAZ ANGULO, J. A.; FERRER, J. A.; HERAS, M. H.

Legal and technical regulation and historic buildings ... - 419 -

OLD BUILDING, NEW BOILERS: THE FUTURE OF HERITAGE IN AN ERA OF ENERGY

EFFICIENCY ... 420

-JANS, E.; ICOMOS, M.; KOPIEVSKY, S.; AIRHA, M.

HISTORIC WINDOWS: CONSERVATION OR REPLACEMENT. WHAT'S THE MOST

SUSTAINABLE INTERVENTION? LEGISLATIVE SITUATION, CASE STUDIES AND CURRENT

RESEARCHES ... 432

-PRACCHI, V.; RAT, N.; VERZEROLI, A.

ENERGY RETROFIT OF A HISTORIC BUILDING IN A UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE: AN

INTEGRATED COST OPTIMALITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT... 450

-TADEU, S.; RODRIGUES, C.; -TADEU, A.; FREIRE, F.; SIMÕES, N.

PARQUE EDIFICADO O PATRIMONIO EDIFICADO: LA PROTECCIÓN FRENTE A LA INTERVENCIÓN ENERGÉTICA. EL CASO DEL BARRIO DE GROS DE SAN SEBASTIÁN / Built Park or Built Heritage: Protection against energy intervention. The case of Gros

district of San Sebastian ... 464

-URANGA, E. J.; ETXEPARE, L.

SIMULTANEOUS HERITAGE COMFORT INDEX (SHCI): QUICK SCAN AIMED AT THE SIMULTANEOUS INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL COMFORT EVALUATION FOR PEOPLE AND ARTWORKS IN HERITAGE BUILDINGS ... 478

-LITTI, G.; FABBRI, K.; AUDENAERT, A.; BRAET, J.

PROBLEMÁTICA DE LA POSIBLE CERTIFICACIÓN ENERGÉTICA CON CE3_{X DEL}

PATRIMONIO ARQUITECTÓNICO: EL CASO DEL ALMUDÍN DE VALENCIA / Difficulties found in the possible energy certification of heritage by using the CE3X software: the

case of El Almudín of Valencia ... 495

-CUARTERO-CASAS, E.; TORT-AUSINA, I.; MONFORT-I-SIGNES, J.; OLIVER-FAUBEL, E. I.

PROTOCOL FOR CHARACTERIZING AND OPTIMIZING THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN

PUBLIC BUILDINGS: CASE STUDY OF POZUELO DE ALARCÓN MUNICIPALITY ... 506

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Promotion, training, education ... - 513 -

THE WORK OF THE SUSTAINABLE TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS ALLIANCE AND AN

INTRODUCTION TO THE GUIDANCE WHEEL FOR RETROFIT ... 514

-MAY, N.; RYE, C.; GRIFFITHS, N.

TRAINING OF EXPERTS FOR ENERGY RETROFIT AT THE FRAUNHOFER CENTRE FOR THE ENERGY-SAVING RENOVATION OF OLD BUILDINGS AND THE PRESERVATION OF

MONUMENTS AT BENEDIKTBEUERN ... 528

-KILIAN, R.; KRUS, M.

SPECIALIZED ENERGY CONSULTANTS FOR ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE ... 535

-DE BOUW, M.; DUBOIS, S.; HERINCKX, S.; VANHELLEMONT, Y.

RENERPATH: METODOLOGÍA DE REHABILITACIÓN ENERGÉTICA DE EDIFICIOS PATRIMONIALES / RENERPATH: Methodology for Energy Rehabilitation of Heritage

Buildings ... 543

-PERÁN, J. R. ; MARTÍN LERONES, P.; BUJEDO, L. A.; OLMEDO, D.; SAMANIEGO, J.; GAUBO, F.; FRECHOSO, F.; ZALAMA, E.; GÓMEZ-GARCÍA BERMEJO, J.; MARTÍN, D.; FRANCISCO, V.; CUNHA, F.; BAIO, A.; XAVIER, G.; DOMÍNGUEZ, P.; GETINO, R.; SÁNCHEZ, J. C.; PASTOR, E.

LEVANTAMIENTOS ARQUITECTÓNICOS EN EL MEDIO RURAL / Architectural surveys in

rural areas ... 553

-HIDALGO, J.M.; MILLÁN, J. A.; MARTÍN, A.; IRIBAR, E.; FLORES, I.; ZUBILLAGA, I.

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SANTOS, Á.; VALENÇA, P.; SEQUEIRA, J.

SANTOS, Á.: Porto Vivo, SRU – Sociedade de Reabilitação Urbana da Baixa Portuense S.A., Porto – Portugal. [email protected]

VALENÇA, P.: Porto Vivo, SRU – Sociedade de Reabilitação Urbana da Baixa Portuense S.A., Porto – Portugal. [email protected]

SEQUEIRA, J.: Porto Vivo, SRU – Sociedade de Reabilitação Urbana da Baixa Portuense S.A., Porto – Portugal. [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Porto Vivo, SRU promotes the rehabilitation of degraded heritage, and among the established partnerships, it was developed the “Guide of Terms of Reference for Energetic-Environmental Performance” with the Faculty of Engineering and the Regional Directorate of Culture in order to improve and regulate the energy efficiency of buildings.

Nowadays, the intervention in built heritage includes rehabilitation and conservation of the urban and architectural identity, but also the recreation of the living spaces for people and activities of today.

There should be caution in the intervention of the buildings, but it is necessary some commitment as far as the comfort conditions are concerned, which in the 21st century building users require. Heritage rehabilitation cannot be only a conservative activity, but something that adds value without distorting the essence, and in this context, heating and energy efficiency issues as well as soundproofing issues have a very important value.

The financing of these types of interventions in classified heritage is complex, so Porto Vivo, SRU developed, under the CSI Europe Project[i], financed by the URBACT II programme, a JESSICA type funding proposal that aims to support the rehabilitation of private buildings predominantly residential. Being this one of the actions of the Local Action Plan, under development, it may become an instrument replicable in other European cities.

Key words: Porto Vivo, SRU, Heritage, Energy Efficiency, CSI Europe, World Heritage, Rehabilitation

1. INTRODUCTION

Today we are adding another layer to the 3,000 years of the urban fabric of the Historic City Centre of Porto. This layer is built on our modern knowledge, our technology and our resources, with respect to the legacy and to our common heritage.

Porto Vivo, SRU is a company devoted to the urban rehabilitation of the downtown area of Porto since 2004, creating, through multiple partnerships, synergies for improving the physical and qualitative conditions of the buildings and of the urban spaces. The experience with the action programmes of Morro da Sé and Mouzinho/Flores Axis, namely, in the energy efficiency operations, is of great relevance and will be highlighted in this work.

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institutions with responsibilities in the common work of buildings’ rehabilitation in the Historic Centre of Porto (Porto Vivo, SRU, the Energy Agency of Porto, the Building Physics Laboratory, the Construction and Real Estate Institute, and the Regional Directorate of Culture). It targets all the agents that intervene in the rehabilitation process by delivering guidelines for design and implementation, aiming at a better energetic-environmental performance of the rehabilitated buildings.

Such publication and such practice, such way of rehabilitating, are aligned with the common objective of making Porto a city strongly less productive of CO2. The city is committed with the Covenant of Mayors and with the Europe 2020 Strategy, and so the attention to the environmental dimension, eco-sustainable urban projects, is highly valorised.

Reaching this point, our interest is concentrated in some questions, which will be developed in the present work, as for instance:

• How can Energy Efficiency really be promoted in historic areas? • How can this contribute to the goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy?

• How can this concern with Energy Efficiency be put into practice when renovating 15th century houses to 21st standards?

Another topic of discussion is related with the implementation of JESSICA[ii]_financial instrument and how it has allowed the development of new projects, namely the promotion of sustainable urban development. Such an instrument is relevant when we try to expand the support to urban rehabilitation of historic buildings and upgrade them by introducing energy efficiency components. Thus, Porto Vivo, SRU has designed a JESSICA-type fund that stands as a support to small property owners that do not have the resources or can’t get commercial loans to perform these kinds of operations. We highlight also how such a mechanism can be strengthened and replicated by other cities or entities.

In the next section, we will present the company Porto Vivo, SRU and how it has developed two main projects of rehabilitation and revitalization of the city centre, one in Morro da Sé and the other one in Mouzinho/Flores Axis. Following section will deal with the energy efficiency publication and how it presents a technical roadmap to any project promoter. Finalizing, we will briefly present the fund intended to support energy efficiency operations in the Historic Centre of Porto.

2. THE COMPANY PORTO VIVO, SRU AND ITS INTERVENTION IN THE HISTORIC CENTRE

OF PORTO WORLD HERITAGE

Porto Vivo, SRU is a public company, with two shareholders; one being the national Institute of Housing and Urban Rehabilitation (60%) and the other one the City Council of Porto (40%). It was set up in 2004, with five main strategic objectives defined in the Masterplan [1] of the company, namely:

• the renovation and re-population of the city centre;

• the development of business and promotion of Porto downtown area; • the revitalisation of commerce;

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After ten years of work in the area, significant changes have been made. The historic centre and the downtown area is no longer a part of the city which is forgotten or in a state of disrepair, but it is now one of the most vibrant and attractive part of the city.

The historic centre of Porto was declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1996. In 2008, Porto Vivo, SRU and the City Council of Porto have produced the “Management Plan of the Historic Centre of Porto World Heritage” [2], which highlights the complexity of intervening in this site.

Porto Vivo, SRU has used an interdisciplinary approach to make progress in terms of preservation and valorisation of the historic centre, and consequently its long-term protection and vitality.

Image 1: Urban Rehabilitation Area of the Historic Centre of Porto [3]

The Urban Rehabilitation Area of the Historic Centre of Porto [3] covers half a square kilometre, with a population of approximately 5,000 people, and a total number of 1,773 buildings. The intervention was structured into ten operations, but firstly it was concentred on two sections: Morro da Sé and Mouzinho/Flores Axis (cf., Image 1). The action programmes of Morro da Sé and Mouzinho/Flores Axis have been supported by the Operational Programme ON.2 of the National Strategic Reference Framework.

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In the case of Mouzinho/Flores Axis, among its specific features, it is highlighted in its action programme how more commercial this area is. The streets are wider and the buildings, which total 421, are more recent, as they date from 16th century until the 19th century. More than half of these have some sort of commerce. Here, 45% of the buildings are assessed as in bad state of conservation, and 20% of the buildings are vacant. In this case, the action programme of Mouzinho/Flores included some important physical interventions: the improvements of public spaces; the renovation of the museum of the Holy House of Mercy of Porto; the business incubator of the Youth Foundation; and the Port Wine tour. It was also proposed in the original action programme the project of developing Energy Efficiency in the buildings. However, the plans were put on hold as, because this action was not eligible for funds. The European Union regulations determined that private owners of the buildings could not benefit from subsidies.

Porto Vivo, SRU has also worked on energy efficiency in a more intangible way, namely, by developing a Guide [4] for any promoter who wants to rehabilitate a building in the historic centre, and by proposing a JESSICA-type Fund for the support of renewing. The Guide was developed in partnership with the Porto Energy Agency, the Regional Directorate of Culture, the Laboratory of Physics of Construction and the Institute of Construction, while the Fund is being developed within the Local Support Group of the CSI Europe project, where Porto Vivo, SRU is the partner institution. These themes will be developed in the next sections.

3. A TECHNICAL ROAD MAP: THE TERMS OF REFERENCE GUIDE FOR ENERGY AND

ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE

The rehabilitation of buildings in historical centres, a condition for their vitality, faces two challenges: to give them modern standards of comfort and habitability while preserving the architectural and cultural identity.

In the last century, the housing standards have evolved towards more comfort and more energy consumption, with associated negative environmental impacts. So, it became essential to guarantee that construction solutions and technologies used in the rehabilitation of the building envelope maximise its ‘passive’ performance and then, to assess the best energy resources and technology to satisfy each situation. That is why it was developed a guideline for the energy-environment performance in the rehabilitation of buildings in the historical centre of Porto.

The "Guide of Terms of Reference for the Energetic-Environmental Performance: Rehabilitation of Buildings of the Historic Centre of Porto" [4] highlights and quantifies the opportunities, the means and the limits of the different construction solutions.

This is intended to establish models for acting in the roofs, facades and draws, in order to improve the thermal insulation when having high temperatures (+/- 28 Celsius) or low temperatures (+/- 10 Celsius). It is further considered the promotion and regulation of the installation of solar panels that avoid the use of energy less-environmentally friendly.

With regard to roofs and facades, the proposal goes towards putting thermal insulation panels under the tiles, sometimes outside the facade under the coating, sometimes inside when there aren’t conditions outside, because of ceramic tiles, for instance.

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As far as solar panels are concerned, their installation must be integrated and levelled with the tiles plan, by not creating any visual aggression when they can be seen in the roofs at higher levels.

These actions increase the cost of any intervention by about 12%, but in ten years this investment is recovered as a result of the economy in energy consumption.

Still, the lack of financial support to investors who wish to intervene in buildings built in these areas, where the rules and requirements are higher and more costly than elsewhere – which makes some of them quit –, made Porto Vivo, SRU work on a fund which could support this kind of operations.

4. A FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT: A JESSICA-TYPE FUND FOR THE SUPPORT OF THE

RENEWING THE HISTORIC CENTRE OF PORTO WORLD HERITAGE

Porto Vivo, SRU has projected the creation of a Fund [5], which falls within the creation of Urban Development Funds (UDFs), framed by JESSICA initiative. Within the Framework Programme 2014-2020, the application of EU Structural Funds as reimbursable funding will be reinforced via these new financial engineering schemes, instead of the traditional way of assisting stand-alone projects through non-repayable funds. Nevertheless, the relevance of the latter form of funding for various public-driven projects is still crucial.

The proposal of creating a JESSICA-type fund is being produced by the Local Action Group for the project CSI Europe, which has been co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the URBACT II Programme. Such proposal is still a work in progress.

It was take into account the needs and pressing problems for the rehabilitation of buildings in the Historic Centre of Porto. Therefore, Porto Vivo, SRU proposed a Fund that should be applied to deep or medium-size rehabilitation interventions. However, the interventions are conditioned to the use of techniques and materials that contribute to the energy efficiency, thus reducing the energy bills of domestic consumption, as well as CO2 emissions, and also contributing to comfort and improved health and well-being of the population [6]. There objectives are in line also with the Europe 2020 Strategy goals.

The access of EU funds to private owners is a crucial aspect in this equation. In historical centres, as it is proposed for Porto, this is critical so that the strategy of urban rehabilitation is pursued by the local community as a whole. The logic is to support the small property owner and the resident owner; otherwise it would be encouraged a process of gentrification, which is altogether undesirable. These owners suffered directly the pressure on the town centre of an uncontrolled expansion of the urban periphery, which exerted direct competition for public investment in infrastructural projects, enabling property investment and demand for home ownership, since it was facilitated by loans granted by banks at low interest rates.

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Since this proposal is still being worked on by the Local Action Group of the CSI Europe project, a more detailed analysis cannot be made at this stage.

5. CONCLUSION

We have focused on the rehabilitation process conducted by Porto Vivo, SRU in the city centre of Porto. It was presented in this work the company and the way it has developed two specific projects, namely, the action programmes Morro da Sé and Mouzinho/Flores Axis.

Such experience has had an impact in the way Porto Vivo, SRU is promoting energy efficiency in the context of rehabilitation interventions. The technical roadmap offers a way forward, but there was still lacking the support to small property owners, a gap which this public company is looking to overcome.

The proposal of a financial instrument, which will be part of the Local Action Group of the CSI Europe project, can become the way to spread the rehabilitation works at a massive scale.

Porto city centre has strong protection regulations of the physical heritage, due to its UNESCO classification, but it is still struggling to meet the energy efficiency targets set. Aligning the technical roadmap with the JESSICA-type financial instrument facilitates the knowledge and the mechanism to put in practice these common objectives.

6. REFERENCES

[1]. Porto Vivo, SRU and Câmara Municipal do Porto (2005). Masterplan para a Revitalização Urbana e Social da Baixa do Porto. Porto: Porto Vivo, SRU. Retrieved from: http://www.portovivosru.pt/pt/area-de-atuacao/enquadramento

[2]. Câmara Municipal do Porto & Porto Vivo, SRU (Eds.). (2010). Plano de Gestão do Centro Histórico do Porto Património Mundial. Porto: Porto Vivo, SRU.

[3]. Porto Vivo, SRU (2012). Delimitação da Área de Reabilitação Urbana do Centro Histórico do Porto em Instrumento Próprio. Porto: Porto Vivo, SRU. Retrieved from:

http://www.portovivosru.pt/pdfs/DEL_ARU_CHP_JUN_2012.pdf

[4]. Porto Vivo, SRU, AdE Porto – Agência de Energia do Porto, LFC – Laboratório de Física das Construções, InCI, I.P. – Instituto da Construção e do Imobiliário & Direção Regional da Cultura do Norte (2013). Reabilitação de Edifícios do Centro Histórico do Porto: Guia de Termos de Referência para o Desempenho Energético-Ambiental (2nd Ed.). Porto: Porto Vivo, SRU. Retrieved from:

http://www.portovivosru.pt/morro_se/fileManager/editor/pdfs/Guia_Termos_Referencia.pdf

[5]. Porto Vivo, SRU (2014). Urban Development Fund Proposal: REENERGI.CHP. Porto: Porto Vivo, SRU.

[6]. Copenhagen Economics (2012). Multiple benefits of energy efficient renovations in buildings. Retrieved from:

http://www.renovate- europe.eu/uploads/Multiple%20benefits%20of%20EE%20renovations%20in%20buildings%20-%20Full%20report%20and%20appendix.pdf

7. NOTES

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