&'
(")
*&
$+
,$"
04/0-534"6-"#-/)0121-/34"
• .($7$78+" #'9$,:7:'9;8" $" &9" <'=>8?8" ?'" ($" ,&(;&=$" %&'" +:*&'"
,=898(@*:,$7'9;'"$"($"-?$?"2'?:$A""
• /8"B$C"&9$"D',B$",89,=';$"%&'"?'(:7:;'"$7E8+"<'=>8?8+"C"C$"$"(8"($=*8"?'("
+:*(8" FG" <&'?'9" 8E+'=H$=+'" +>9;87$+" ?'" ($" 9&'H$" '?$?I" %&'" '9" -+<$J$" 7&'+;=$"+&"<('9:;&?"?&=$9;'"'("+:*(8"FG1A"
*&
$+
,$"
• El s. XVI es un momento de
profundas transformaciones políticas, sociales y culturales guiadas por la confianza en la razón.
• La cultura adquiere gran
relevancia, en especial, la literatura, tanto por la
excelente calidad de sus creaciones como por su
• .8+";=$;$?:+;$+":;$(:$98+"?'"(8+"+:*(8+"FG"C"FG1"
(($7$9"$"+&"K<8,$"!"#$%&"'(#)*"8"!"#$%&")$" %&'=:'9?8":9?:,$=",89"'((8"%&'"($",&(;&=$"?'"(8+" B87E='+I",&C$+"7LM:7$+"7$9:D'+;$,:89'+"+'" B$E>$9"<=8?&,:?8"'9"($")9N*O'?$?"PQ=',:$"C" #87$R"='9$,>$";=$+"($"($=*$I"8+,&=$"C"EL=E$=$" -?$?"2'?:$A""
• -9""($"$,;&$(:?$?I"98"+'"B$E($"?'"=&<;&=$"+:98"?'"
,89N9&:?$?"'9;='"$7E$+"K<8,$+S"($",&(;&=$"
7'?:'H$("'+"'9"7&,B8+"$+<',;8+"'("*'=7'9"?'"($" ='9$,'9N+;$A"-("#'9$,:7:'9;8"B$,'",&(7:9$="
,:'=;$+";'9?'9,:$+"7'?:'H$('+I"'(:7:9$"8;=$+"C" $<8=;$"D&9?$7'9;$('+"98H'?$?'+"<$=$"($",&(;&=$" ?'"-&=8<$A"
&'
(")
*&
$+
),89;',:7:'9;8+"B:+;@=:,8+"
TUUV"
Q&;'9E'=*":9H'9;$"($":7<='9;$"
TUWX"
-M<&(+:@9"?'"(8+"Y&?>8+""
6'+,&E=:7:'9;8"?'")7K=:,$"
TUWW"" -?:,;8"?'",89H'=+:@9"D8=Z8+$"<$=$"(8+"7&+&(7$9'+"
T[T\"" .&;'=8",87:'9Z$"$"#'D8=7$"<=8;'+;$9;'"
0$=(8+"?'")&+E&=*8"'+"987E=$?8"='C"?'"-+<$J$"
T[TW"
0$=(8+"?'")&*+E&=*8"'+"<=8,($7$?8"'7<'=$?8="?'"
)('7$9:$"
T[U["
089,:(:8"?'"3='9;8"
T[[]"
^'(:<'"11"'+"987E=$?8"='C"?'"-+<$J$"
T]VW"
-M<&(+:@9"?'"(8+"78=:+,8+"
*&$+3=$9+D8=7$,:@9"?'"($"+8,:'?$?"
!"#$%&'(S"
-9";8?$"-&=8<$"+'",89+8(:?$9"($+"789$=%&>$+" $&;8=:;$=:$+"P,89,'9;=$,:@9"?'"<8?'="'9"'("='CRA" 0$=(8+"G"C"^'(:<'"11",89N9_$9"($",89%&:+;$"?'" )7K=:,$"C"'7<='9?'9"?:H'=+$+"*&'==$+"<$=$" ,89%&:+;$=";'==:;8=:8+"'&=8<'8+A"
)#'*($+!
`&=*'"($"E&=*&'+>$I"D8=7$?$"<8=",87'=,:$9;'+"C" E$9%&'=8+I"%&'"$?%&:'='"*=$9"<8?'="',89@7:,8A" )&7'9;8"?'"($"<8E($,:@9I",=',:7:'9;8"?'"($+" ,:&?$?'+A"
5=8E('7$"?'"(8+"Y&?'8,89H'=+8+"P<='8,&<$,:@9"<8="" ($"+"',"(-$./(.%$#01(2.
,'#-./*'(+!
0=',:7:'9;8"',89@7:,8"
-M;'9+:@9"?'"($+"=&;$+",87'=,:$('+"?'E:?8"$"(8+" ?'+,&E=:7:'9;8+"
&'
(")
*&
$+
-("<'9+$7:'9;8"
•
-("<'9+$7:'9;8"?'("#'9$,:7:'9;8"+'",89a*&=$"$"<$=N="?'"?8+"
$+<',;8+"EL+:,8+S"
–
-("b8=',:7:'9;8"?'("cd2)/1`24"
–
.$"$?8<,:@9"?'"($"0d.3d#)"0.e`10)",878"78?'(8"
,-!$(!,0(0!120*(3!$(!4*0(!25(!'#-'26*0(! '#/#!7-!4($$2!02!$895*/(:!;!02!:7<5*/*2-=#3! :2!42%(!$(!/725=2!'#/#!$*625('*.->!,$!
?2-:(/*2-=#!/20*24($!:2!'2-=5(6(!2-!$(! @975(!02!A*#:>!!
,-!2$!B2-('*/*2-=#!2$!:25!C7/(-#!?2-:(6(! D72!E$!25(!2$!'2-=5#!02$!7-*425:#!
!"#$%&'&()#$%*+,&-3!:2!=2-%(!7-(!4*:*.-!/8:! #?&/*:=(!02!$(!4*0(3!;!:2!=5(-:/*F(!2$!
02:2#!02!(?5#42'C(5!2$!/#/2-=#!;!
0*:<57=(5!02!$(!4*0(!($!/8G*/#!(-=2:!02!$(! /725=2!!("%')./*),->"
*&
$+
cd2)/1`24"
• -("?'+$==8((8"&=E$98"C"',89@7:,8"$,=',:'9;$"'(":9;'=K+"<8="($" :9+;=&,,:@9"$"<$=N="?'("+A"F11A"
• -9"'("?'+$==8((8"?'"($+"&9:H'=+:?$?'+"
:9b&C@"98;$E('7'9;'"'("
,898,:7:'9;8"?'"$(*&98+"$&;8='+"?'" ($"$9N*O'?$?I"7&,B8+"?'"'((8+"$" ;=$HK+"?'"($+";=$?&,,:89'+"L=$E'+" %&'"(('*$E$9"?'+?'"($"<'9>9+&($" 1EK=:,$"C"?'"`:,:(:$A"
• )"<$=N="?'("+:*(8"F1GI"($+"<'=+89$+"
,&(;$+"?'"1;$(:$"+'"'9;&+:$+7$=89",89" ($"B'='9,:$",&(;&=$("C"$=f+N,$"?'"($" )9N*O'?$?"C"'7<='9?:'=89"($";$='$" ?'("='9$,:7:'9;8"?'"'+;$",&(;&=$A""
&'
(")
*&
$+
• -+;'"78H:7:'9;8I"%&'",89;@",89"a*&=$+",878"6$9;'"P.$"3"4"#$.5*'(/"$RI"
5';=$=,$"Pa(@(8*8R"C"g8,$,,:8"P3(&$'(1*#RI"D&'"'(":9:,:8"?'("78H:7:'9;8"
B&7$9:+;$I"%&'"+'"'M;'9?:@"<8=";8?8+"(8+"<$>+'+"'&=8<'8+"$"a9'+"?'("+:*(8"FG"C" <=:9,:<:8+"?'("FG1A"
• -("?'+$==8((8"?'"($":7<='9;$"<'=7:N@"($"?:D&+:@9"?'"($+":?'$+"$"&9"7$C8="
9_7'=8"?'"<'=+89$+"C"<$>+'+A""
• .$"$,NH:?$?",&(;&=$("?'"<=:9,:<:8+"?'("FG1"+'",'9;=$E$I"EL+:,$7'9;'I"'9"'("
='9$,:7:'9;8"?'"($",&(;&=$"*=',8($N9$S"
– "($"*=$7LN,$I"
– ($"(',;&=$"?'"(8+",(L+:,8+I"
– '("?'+,&E=:7:'9;8"?'("*&+;8"$=f+N,8"?'"(8+"=87$98+"C"B'('98+"
– "($"$a,:@9"$"($"(:;'=$;&=$I"C"'("B$E($="C"'+,=:E:=",89"'('*$9,:$"
• "38?8"'+;8"+'"<=8?&,>$"'9"&9"$7E:'9;'"?'";8('=$9,:$I":9;'=,$7E:8"?'":?'$+"C"
?'"?:+,&+:@9A")"'+;'"78H:7:'9;8"+'"('"B$"(($7$?8"c&7$9:+78A"
• 5:,8"?'(($"2:=$9?8($I"'9"%6.3"%&61%*.%*71(.+$./"0#"/$/./(+.8*'71(I"D8=7&($"
;='+"?'"(8+":?'$('+"?'("#'9$,:7:'9;8S"
– -("?'=',B8":9$(:'9$E('"$"($"?:+,='<$9,:$"
– -("='+<';8"<8="($"?:H'=+:?$?",&(;&=$("C"='(:*:8+$"
– -("?'=',B8"$(",=',:7:'9;8"C"'9=:%&',:7:'9;8"?'"($"H:?$"$"<$=N="?'"($"?:D'='9,:$A" *&$+
.$",&(;&=$"='9$,'9N+;$S"
=$+*8+",$=$,;'=:Z$?8='+"
TA 19;'9+8"H:;$(:+78"C"'+<>=:;&"7&9?$98S"
+',&($=:Z$,:@9"?'"($",&(;&=$A""
XA -M$(;$,:@9"?'";8?8"(8"B&7$98"h-("B87E='"
'+"($"7'?:?$"?'";8?$+"($+",8+$+i"C"'("
7&9?8"<&'?'"+'="8=*$9:Z$?8"$=7@9:,$"C" =$,:89$(7'9;'"$"($"7'?:?$"?'("B87E='A" jA 089a$9Z$"'9"'("<8?'="?'"($"=$Z@9"<$=$"
<'9';=$="'9"(8+"+',=';8+"?'("&9:H'=+8"C" ,898,'="($"H'=?$?A")*&?8"+'9N?8",=>N,8"'" :9+$,:$E('",&=:8+:?$?"P?'+,&E=:7:'9;8+" *'8*=La,8+I":9:,:8"?'"($",:'9,:$"78?'=9$I" <=:7'=8+"'+;&?:8+"?'"$9$;87>$AAAR"
UA -("c&7$9:+78A"-("78H:7:'9;8",&(;&=$("
7L+",$=$,;'=>+N,8"?'9;=8"?'("
#'9$,:7:'9;8"'+"'("B&7$9:+78A"`'",'9;=$" '9"'("'+;&?:8"?'("B87E='"C"$?8<;$",878" ('7$S"k/8",89+:?'=8"$Y'98"$"7>"9$?$"?'"(8" B&7$98i"P5&E(:8"3'='9,:8")D'=I9"T]["$A"0AR" &'(")*&
$+
*&
$+
-("B87E='"?'("#'9$,:7:'9;8""
:+.&*1)(%$#*.
• g$(;$+$="?'"0$+N*(:89'"=',8*'"'9"+&"8E=$"
:+.&*1)(%$#*"'("9&'H8"78?'(8"?'" ,87<8=;$7:'9;8"B&7$98"?'("
#'9$,:7:'9;8A".$"8E=$";&H8"7&,B$" ='+89$9,:$"'9";8?$"-&=8<$"
• 6'a'9?'"'(",&(NH8"$=7@9:,8"?'(",&'=<8"C"
?'("$(7$"P($"-?$?"2'?:$"+'"B$E>$"8,&<$?8" +@(8"?'("$(7$RA"
• -(",8=;'+$98":?'$("?'E'"+'="BLE:("'9"'("
7$9'Y8"?'"($+"$=;'+"C"($+"(';=$+I"='a9$?8I" ,&(;8I"'9$78=$?8"'9"<$($,:8"C"H$(:'9;'" *&'=='=8"'9"($"E$;$(($A"
• .$",89?&,;$"?'(",8=;'+$98"E&+,$"($"
+'9,:(('Z"C"($"9$;&=$(:?$?"C"=',B$Z$"'("
$=Na,:8A" &'(")
*&
$+
.$"'+<:=:;&$(:?$?
"
.$"9&'H$"H$(8=$,:@9"?'("+'="B&7$98"'7$9$?$"?'" ($+":?'$+"='9$,'9N+;$+":7<(:,$";$7E:K9"&9$"
=',89+:?'=$,:@9"?'"($"'+<:=:;&$(:?$?A"
`&=*'"'(":9;'=K+"<8="($"='D8=7$"?'"($+"@=?'9'+" ='(:*:8+$+"C"($"<&='Z$"?'"($+",=''9,:$+I"%&'"
:9,='7'9;$"($",=:+:+"='(:*:8+$"+&=*:?$"$"<$=N="?'(" 0:+7$"PH$=:8+"5$<$+"l,8=;'"<$<$("?'"#87$"C")H:J@9l" +'"?:+<&;$=89"($"$&;8=:?$?"<89Na,:$"?'"Tj\m"$"
TUT\RA"
*&
$+
,$"
.$"'+;KN,$"='9$,'9N+;$"
• ,$!(-=5#?#'2-=5*:/#!%&'"?87:9$"'("
#'9$,:7:'9;8"B$=L"%&'"($"'+;KN,$"?'" '+;$"K<8,$"P$=%&:;',;&=$I"<:9;&=$I" '+,&(;&=$"C";$7E:K9"(:;'=$;&=$R"'+;K" 8=:'9;$?$"$"$(,$9Z$="7-!*02($!02!
?25<2''*.-!C7/(-$"%&'"+'":?'9Na%&'"
,89"($"E'(('Z$A"
• ,$!2D7*$*65*#3!$(!:252-*0(0!;!$(!
?5#?#5'*.-!+89"H$(8='+"7&C";'9:?8+"
'9",&'9;$"'9"'("#'9$,:7:'9;8I"%&'" :7:;$"(8+"'+%&'7$+"?'("$=;'"
*=',8($N98A"
• .$"(0/*5('*.-!?#5!$(!'7$=75(!'$8:*'(!+'"
7&'+;=$"'9"(8+";'7$+"C"'9"($+"D8=7$+S" ;'7$+"<$*$98+"'9"($"<:9;&=$"C"($"
'+,&(;&=$I"?'+$==8((8"?'"($" $=%&:;',;&=$",:H:("P<$($,:8+"?'"
:9+<:=$,:@9",(L+:,$R" &'(")
*&
$+
".$"E'(('Z$"+'";=$;$"$"<$=N="?'";='+"
*=$9?'+";'7$+S"
– H/#5+"+'"+:*&'9"($+"?8,;=:9$+"
9'8<($;@9:,$+A"-("$78="'+"
,89+',&'9,:$"?'("$9B'(8"?'"E'(('Z$" %&'":7<&(+$"$("B87E='A"
– I(=75($2J(+"+'"H'"'9H&'(;$"'9"'("
E&,8(:+78"%&'"$==$9,$"?'"Q=',:$"C" #87$A"-("7&9?8"='b'Y$"($"E'(('Z$" ?'("0='$?8=A"089;'7<($="($"E'(('Z$" ?'"<$:+$Y'+I",&'=<8+I"8E=$+"?'"$=;'I" '+"'("='b'Y8"?'"($"E'(('Z$"?'"6:8+A"
– 1*=#$#9%(+":9H$?'"'("$=;'A"6:8+'+"C"
BK=8'+"+'=L9"<=8;$*89:+;$+"?'("$=;'" ='9$,'9N+;$A"6'+;$,$9"2:*&'("
)9*'("g&89$==8oI"`$9?=8" g8o,'((:I".'89$=?8"?$"G:9,:A"
&'
(")
*&
$+
-."#-/)0121-/34"-/"-`5)p)"
-("#'9$,:7:'9;8"'9"-+<$J$"+'"?'+$==8(($"'9"'("+:*(8"FG1I"
,8:9,:?:'9?8",89"(8+"=':9$?8+"?'"0$=(8+"1"C"^'(:<'"11I"%&'"
,87<='9?'9I"='+<',NH$7'9;'I"($"<=:7'=$"C"+'*&9?$"
7:;$?"?'"+:*(8A"
&'
(")
*&
$+
K(5$#:!L
"
P<=:7'=$"7:;$?"?'("+:*(8"FG1R
"
! )"a9$('+"?'("+:*(8"FGI"(8+"#'C'+"0$;@(:,8+"B$9"(8*=$?8"($"&9:?$?"<8(>N,$"C"
='(:*:8+$A""
! "0&$9?8"'9"T[VU"7&'='"1+$E'("($"0$;@(:,$I"'("0$=?'9$("0:+9'=8+"%&'?$",878"
='*'9;'I"D&9?$"($"d9:H'=+:?$?"?'")(,$(L"'":7<&(+$"+&"7'Y8="8E=$S"($";"7+"$. <*+=0+*)$"PT[T\RA".8+"<=:7'=8+"$J8+"?'("+:*(8"FG1"+89"&9"'M<89'9;'"?'(" '+<('9?8=",&(;&=$("%&'"H:H>$"-+<$J$"
! "-("?'+,&E=:7:'9;8"?'")7K=:,$"<89'"$("<$>+"$9;'"&9$"'7<='+$":7<'=:$(I"%&'"
$(,$9Z$=L"+&"<('9:;&?",89"0$=(8+"GI"'(",&$("='_9'"'9"+&"<'=+89$"($+",8=89$+"?'" -+<$J$"C")('7$9:$A""
! -+<$J$"%&'?$"$E:'=;$"$"-&=8<$"C"<'9';=$9"'9"9&'+;=8"<$>+":?'8(8*>$+"C"D8=7$+"
'+;KN,$+"'&=8<'$+A""
! G:'9'9"$"-+<$J$"*=$9?'+"B&7$9:+;$+"P5'?=8"2L=N="?'")9*('=>$I".&,:8"2$=:9'8"
M2$*?2!NN
"P+'*&9?$"7:;$?"?'("+:*(8"FG1R"
• 6&=$9;'"+&"=':9$?8"+'"7$=,$"&9",$7E:8"
?',:+:H8"'9"($",&(;&=$"9$,:89$(q""($":?'$"?'"(8" 9$,:89$("<='H$(','"+8E='"(8"'&=8<'>+;$"?'(" <'=>8?8"$9;'=:8=I",89+N;&CK9?8+'"-+<$J$"'9" ($"?'D'9+8=$"?'(",$;8(:,:+78A""
• -+<$J$"+'"$<='+;$"$"($"?'D'9+$"?'"+&+":?'$('+"
<8(>N,8+"C"='(:*:8+8+I",'==$9?8"($"<&'=;$"$" ,&$(%&:'=":9b&'9,:$"'M;=$9Y'=$"%&'"<&'?$" 7'98+,$E$="($"&9:?$?"'+<:=:;&$("?'("<$>+" P,878"($"?'"-=$+78R"C"+'"'=:*'"'9",$7<'89$" ?'"($",$;8(:,:?$?I",89"+&+";'@(8*8+"C"+&+"
'YK=,:;8+A"089"($"089;=$=='D8=7$I"($"H:?$" '+<$J8($"$?%&:'='"&9";898""?'"*=$H'" ='(:*:8+:?$?A"
• .$+",8==:'9;'+"='9$,'9N+;$+I"C$"<('9$7'9;'"
$+:7:($?$+I"$+&7'9"&9",$=L,;'="9$,:89$("C" ;8?$+"($+"7$9:D'+;$,:89'+"?'("$=;'"C"?'"($" (:;'=$;&=$"8D=','9"&9"+'((8"?'"+'H'=:?$?"C" 98E('Z$"f<:,$7'9;'"'+<$J8($+A".$";'7LN,$" ='(:*:8+$"+'"7$9:D'+;$=L"'9"($"<8'+>$"$+,KN,$" C"7>+N,$A!
&'
(")
*&
$+
5=8E('7$+"?'("+:*(8"FG1"'9"-+<$J$
"
• 2'98="?'+$==8((8"?'"($"E&=*&'+>$I"$"($"%&'"(8+"+',;8='+"
?87:9$9;'+"P98E('Z$"C",('=8R"8<89'9"7$C8="='+:+;'9,:$" %&'"'9"8;=8+"<$>+'+A"
• 5='Y&:,:8+"?'",$+;$A".8+",89H'=+8+"C"+&+"?'+,'9?:'9;'+"
+:'7<='"D&'=89"H:+;8+",89"+8+<',B$"<8="(8+",=:+N$98+" H:'Y8+A".$+"<=:9,:<$('+"$,NH:?$?'+"&=E$9$+"%&'?$=89"'9" 0$+N(($"'9"7$98+"?'",89H'=+8+I"<8="+'=",89+:?'=$?$+" :9$<=8<:$?$+"<$=$"B:?$(*8+A"6'"$B>"%&'"($":9?&+;=:$"C"'(" ,87'=,:8"98"$(,$9Z$=$9"'("?'+$==8((8"%&'"(8*=$=89"8;=8+" <$>+'+"'&=8<'8+A"
• -+<$J$"$+&7:@"'9"<'+8"?'"($"(&,B$",89;=$"'("
<=8;'+;$9N+78"P089;=$=='D8=7$RA".$"19%&:+:,:@9"
:9;'==&7<:@"D=',&'9;'7'9;'"$,NH:?$?'+":9;'(',;&$('+" %&'"<$=',>$9"D',&9?$+"$",87:'9Z8+"?'"+:*(8A"^'(:<'"11" <=8B:E:@"$"(8+"'+<$J8('+"'+;&?:$="'9"'("'M;=$9Y'=8A".$" ,'9+&=$":9%&:+:;8=:$("$,;&@"'9"'(",87'=,:8"?'"(:E=8+"C"'9" ($+"E:E(:8;',$+I"'(:7:9$9?8"?'"($",:=,&($,:@9";8?8"(8"%&'" ='+&(;$E$"+8+<',B8+8A"-9"T[[W"+'"<&E(:,$"'("A#/"&(./(. +"71*%.,1*8"7"/*%"?'"($"19%&:+:,:@9A"
*&
$+