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SOURCE (OR PART OF THE FOLLOWING SOURCE):
Type PhD thesis
Title The religious polemics of the Muslims of Late Medieval Christian Iberia:
Identity and religious authority in Mudejar Islam Author(s) M. Colominas Aparicio
Faculty FGw
Year 2016
FULL BIBLIOGRAPHIC DETAILS:
http://hdl.handle.net/11245/1.527617
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The Religious Polemics of the Muslims of Late Medieval Christian Iberia
Identity and Religious Authority in Mudejar Islam
Mònica Colominas Aparicio
Th e R eli gio us P ole m ic s o f the M us lim s o f L ate M ed ie va l C hr ist ia n I be ria M òn ic a C olo m in as A pa ric io
All M.C. Escher works © 2015 The M.C. Escher Company - the Netherlands. All rights reserved. Used by permission. www.mcescher.com
The Religious Polemics of the Muslims of Late Medieval Christian Iberia
Identity and Religious Authority in Mudejar Islam
ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT
ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam
op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. D.C. van den Boom
ten overstaan van een door het College voor Promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Aula der Universiteit
op vrijdag 29 april 2016, te 13.00 uur
door Mònica Colominas Aparicio
geboren te Barcelona, Spanje
Promotiecommissie
Promotor: prof. dr. G.A. Wiegers Universiteit van Amsterdam Copromotores: prof. dr. M. García-Arenal Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas dr. R.L.A. van Leeuwen Universiteit van Amsterdam
Overige leden: prof. dr. C. Adang University of Tel Aviv prof. dr. M.L.M. van Berkel Radboud Universiteit prof. dr. G. Geltner Universiteit van Amsterdam dr. T.A.M. Smidt van Gelder-Fontaine Universiteit van Amsterdam dr. O.J. Zwartjes Universiteit van Amsterdam Faculteit: Faculteit der Geesteswetenschappen
The research of this doctoral thesis received financial assistance from:
Netherlands Interuniversity School for Islamic Studies (NISIS)
Project Conversion, Overlapping, Religiosities, Polemics and Interaction (CORPI), ERC, CSIC, Madrid
Catharine van Tussenbroekfonds
! !
!
! !
Per a l’Esteve i la Carlota Roser
! !
T ABLE OF CONTENTS
!
A
CKNOWLEDGMENTS! 7!
N
OTE!ON!T
RANSLITERATION,
!C
ONVENTIONS!AND!A
BBREVIATIONS! 9!
L
IST!OF!F
IGURES! 11!
INTRODUCTION! 13!
M
UDEJAR!P
OLEMICS! 20!
S
CHOLARSHIP!ON!THE!M
UDEJARS!AND!THEIR!L
ITERATURE! 24!
M
AIN!Q
UESTIONS!AND!C
HAPTER!O
VERVIEW! 26!
CHAPTER!ONE:!THE!CONNECTION!BETWEEN!RELIGIOUS!POLEMICS!AND!
NOTIONS!OF!IDENTITY!AND!RELIGIOUS!AUTHORITY!AMONG!THE!MUDEJARS
! 31!
I
NTRODUCTION! 31!
1.1.
!T
HE!S
ACRED!L
AW,
!OR!S
HARĪ!!͑
A! 34!
1.2.
!T
HE!R
ELATIONSHIP!OF!THE!M
UDEJARS!WITH!J
EWS!AND!C
HRISTIANS! 38!
1.3.
!T
HE!M
UDEJAR!A
LJAMAS! 41!
1.3.1.
!C
HRISTIAN!P
ROSELYTISM!AND!R
ESTRICTIONS!ON!THE!M
UDEJARS! 41!
1.3.2.
!R
ELIGIOUS!A
UTHORITY!AND!P
OLEMICS!IN!THE!M
UDEJAR!ALJAMAS! 45!
C
ONCLUSIONS! 49!
CHAPTER!TWO:!CONCEPTS!AND!METHODS!FOR!THE!STUDY!OF!RELIGIOUS!
AUTHORITY!AND!IDENTITY!IN!THE!RELIGIOUS!POLEMICS!OF!THE!
MUDEJARS! 51!
I
NTRODUCTION! 51!
2.1.
!R
ECENT!A
PPROACHES!TO!R
ELIGIOUS!P
OLEMICS! 52!
2.2.
!T
OWARDS!A!D
EFINITION!OF!M
UDEJAR!P
OLEMICS! 57!
2.3.
!T
HEORETICAL!F
RAMEWORK!AND!M
ETHODS! 63!
2.3.1.
!B
AUMANN’
S!‘G
RAMMARS!OF!I
DENTITY/A
LTERITY’! 63!
2.3.2.
!S
OCIAL!I
DENTITY!T
HEORY! 64!
2.3.3.
!C
RITICAL!D
ISCOURSE!A
NALYSIS! 68!
C
ONCLUSIONS! 69!
CHAPTER!THREE:!PREVIOUS!RESEARCH!AND!IDENTIFICATION!OF!THE!
MUDEJAR!POLEMICAL!SOURCES!TO!BE!DISCUSSED!IN!THE!PRESENT!
DISSERTATION! 71!
3.1.
!T
WENTIETHK
!AND!T
WENTYKF
IRST!C
ENTURY!S
CHOLARLY!V
IEWS!ON!M
UDEJAR!M
ANUSCRIPTS!OF!R
ELIGIOUS!P
OLEMICS! 71!
A
)
!S
CHOLARSHIP!BEFORE!1950:
!M
IGUEL!A
SÍN!P
ALACIOS! 71!
B
)
!S
CHOLARSHIP!AFTER!1950:
!L
EONARD!P
ATRICK!H
ARVEY,
!L
EON!J
ACOB!K
ASSIN!AND!L
OUIS!C
ARDAILLAC! 73!
C
)
!R
ECENT!S
CHOLARSHIP:
!P
IETER!S
JOERD!V
AN!K
ONINGSVELD!AND!G
ERARD!A
LBERT!W
IEGERS! 74!
3.2.
!M
UDEJAR!P
OLEMICAL!S
OURCES! 77!
A
)
!T
HE!K
ITĀB!M
IFTĀḤ!ADKD
ĪN! 78!
B
)
!T
HE!“
DEMANDAS!DE!LOS!JUDÍOS”
![‘Q
UESTIONS![
ASKED]
!BY!THE!J
EWS’]! 79!
C
)
!T
HE!T
A’
YĪD!ALKM
ILLA! 82!
D
)
!T
HE!K
ITĀB!ALKM
UJĀDALA!MAʿ
A!K
LKY
AHŪD!WAK
NKN
AṢĀRĀ! 90!
3.3.
!T
HE!S
OURCES!OF!THE!K
ITĀB!ALKM
UJĀDALA! 99!
3.3.1.
!T
HE!M
USLIM!S
OURCES!OF!THE!K
ITĀB!ALKM
UJĀDALA:
!T
HE!MAQĀLĀT!OF!THE!!
QĀḌĪ!AL
KS
HARAFĪ! 100!
3.3.2.
!T
HE!C
HRISTIAN!S
OURCES!OF!THE!K
ITĀB!ALKM
UJĀDALA! 104!
3.4.
!T
HE!P
LACE!OF!THE!C
OPYING!OF!THE!K
ITĀB!ALKM
UJĀDALA:
!T
HE!G
EOGRAPHICAL!L
OCATION!OF!P
IṬRŪLA! 111!
3.4.1.
!T
HE!O
RTHOGRAPHY!OF!P
IṬRŪLA! 112!
3.4.2.
!T
HE!S
OCIOK
HISTORICAL!AND!I
NTELLECTUAL!M
ILIEU!OF!P
ÉTROLA!AND!!
P
EDROLA!DURING!THE!L
ATER!M
IDDLE!A
GES! 113!
A
)
!T
HE!M
UDEJAR!A
LJAMAS! 113!
B
)
!T
HE!I
NTELLECTUAL!A
CTIVITY! 115!
C
)
!T
HE!C
HRISTIAN!M
ISSIONARY!A
CTIVITIES! 116!
3.4.3.
!T
HE!I
NTERNAL!E
VIDENCE!IN!MS
!AF
!58! 118!
E
VALUATION! 118!
C
ONCLUSIONS! 119!
CHAPTER!FOUR:!MUSLIM!LITERATURE!OF!RELIGIOUS!POLEMICS! 121!
I
NTRODUCTION! 121!
4.1.
!ALKA
NDALUS! 122!
A
)
!I
BN!Ḥ
AZM! 122!
B
)
!ALKK
HAZRAJĪ! 128!
C
)
!ALKQ
URṬUBĪ! 129!
D
)
!I
BN!S
AB!͑
ĪN! 130!
E
)
!Q
AM!͑
!ALKY
AHŪD! 131!
4.2.
!C
HRISTIAN!I
BERIA! 131!
A
)
!M
UḤAMMAD!ALKQ
AYSĪ! 131!
4.3.
!T
HE!M
AGHREB! 132!
A
)
!!͑A
BD!ALKḤ
AQQ!ALKI
SLĀMĪ! 132!
4.4.
!T
HE!M
ASHRIQ! 133!
A
)
!S
AMAW’
AL!ALKM
AGHRIBĪ! 133!
B
)
!A
BŪ!B
AKR!ALKF
IHRĪ!ALKṬ
URṬUSHĪ! 134!
C
)
!N
AJM!ALKD
ĪN!ALKṬ
ŪFĪ! 135!
C
ONCLUSIONS! 136!
CHAPTER!FIVE:!MUDEJAR!POLEMICS!WITH!THE!JEWS! 137!
I
NTRODUCTION! 137!
5.1.
!T
HE!T
A’
YĪD! 142!
5.1.1.
!T
HE!LEVEL!OF!THE!KNOWLEDGE!OF!A
RABIC!AND!H
EBREW!OF!THE!A
UTHOR!OF!!THE!T
A’
YĪD! 145!
5.1.2.
!T
HE!K
NOWLEDGE!OF!THE!T
ORAH!AMONG!THE!M
UDEJARS! 145!
5.1.3.
!T
HE!K
NOWLEDGE!OF!J
UDAISM!OF!THE!A
UTHOR!OF!THE!T
A’
YĪD! 148!
5.1.4.
!J
EWISH!P
OLEMICS!AGAINST!I
SLAM!IN!THE!C
HRISTIAN!T
ERRITORIES! 149!
5.1.5.
!J
EWISHKC
HRISTIAN!P
OLEMICS!IN!THE!C
HRISTIAN!T
ERRITORIES! 152!
5.1.6.
!T
HE!USE!OF!THE!T
ORAH!IN!ANTIKJ
EWISH!P
OLEMICS!BY!O
RIENTAL!M
USLIM!AUTHORS
! 155!
C
ONCLUDING!R
EMARKS! 159!
5.2.
!T
HE!K
ITĀB!ALKM
UJĀDALA! 160!
5.3.
!T
HE!‘
DEMANDAS’
![‘Q
UESTIONS’]! 163!
C
ONCLUSIONS! 172!
CHAPTER!SIX:!MUDEJAR!POLEMICS!WITH!THE!CHRISTIANS! 175!
I
NTRODUCTION! 175!
6.1.
!T
HE!K
ITĀB!ALKM
UJĀDALA! 180!
6.1.1.
!T
HE!C
LAIMS!M
ADE!BY!THE!C
HRISTIANS!AGAINST!M
USLIMS!AND!I
SLAM! 180!
6.1.2.
!T
HE!C
LAIMS!OF!THE!A
UTHOR!AGAINST!THE!C
HRISTIANS! 182!
6.2.
!R
ELIGIOUS!A
UTHORITY!IN!THE!K
ITĀB!ALKM
UJĀDALA! 185!
6.2.1.
!T
HE!A
UTHOR’
S!D
EFENCE!OF!P
HILOSOPHY! 185!
6.2.2.
!T
HE!O
BJECTIONS!OF!THE!A
UTHOR!ON!THE!!͑U
LAMĀ’! 191!
A
)
!S
CIENCE!AND!Q
UR’
ĀNIC!I
NTERPRETATION! 191!
B
)
!P
HILOSOPHY!AND!L
OGIC! 192!
6.2.3.
!T
HE!U
SE!OF!P
HILOSOPHY!IN!THE!K
ITĀB!ALKM
UJĀDALA:
!A
N!E
XAMPLE! 192!
6.3.
!A
N!E
THICALKC
ENTRED!M
ODEL!FOR!I
SLAM&IN&THE&K
ITĀB!ALKM
UJĀDALA! 195!
6.4.
!P
OLITICAL!P
HILOSOPHY!IN!THE!K
ITĀB!ALKM
UJĀDALA! 200!
A
)
!T
HE!P
OWERS!AND!D
UTIES!OF!THE!S
ULṬĀN! 202!
B
