UD 3 PNEUMATICS eng 15 16
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(2) introduction •. Le t´s re ca ll the ba s ic dia gra m of a lot of ma chine s :. Movement GENERATOR (kinetic energy). Initial energy. Mechanisms or fluids. Final receptor element. ! N O. The y ca n be : •HEAT ENGINES. Exa mple s : The y ca n be :. •Ha mme r. •ELECTRIC MOTORS. •Ge a rs , pulle ys , be lts , worms .... •Bla de. •P RES S URE AIR COMP RES S ORS new. •FLUID:incompre he ns i ble a ir or oil. •P rope lle r. •OIL P UMP P RES S URE. new. •Whe e ls •P ne uma tic cylinde r. new 2. •Hydra ulic cylinde r.
(3) ! introduction •. N. O. •. COMPRESSED AIR CAN BE USED FOR MOVING MACHINES (PNEUMATICS). Air compressor. Compressed air. plunger Compressed air cylinder. piston. OIL PRESSURE CAN BE USED FOR MOVING MACHINES (Hydraulics). pressure oil pump. plunger. pressured oil Pressured oil cylinder. piston. 3.
(4) !! a ctivitie s : •. ACTIVITY 0.1: He re we ha ve the dia gra m of a hydra ulic bra king circuit.: Expla ins its ope ra tion e xpla ining e a ch of the compone nts .. agrega.juntadeandalucia.es. 4.
(5) I.compone nts. !! a ctivitie s : ACTIVITY 1.10: Ide ntify hydra ulic compone nts a nd re ce ptors .. http://www.fluidpower.com.mx. es.aliexpress.com www.euroouest.com spanish.alibaba.com. multiequipos.net. 20. www.archiexpo.es www.directindustry.es.
(6) I.compone nts. !! a ctivitie s : •. ACTIVITY 1.9: Ide ntify the s e pne uma tic compone nts a nd dra w its norma lize d s ymbol if pos s ible .. ferrovicmar.com. recursostic.educacion.es. juan.lasindias.com. www.directindustry.fr. www.directindustry.es www.ahb.es. www.mercadoracing.org. hawe.cohimar.com. 19 machinerychina.es. saturos13.blogspot.es. www.interempresas.net.
(7) ! us e s N. Oil hydra ulic a nd pne uma tic e ne rgy is wide ly us e d in indus tria l ma chine s for de ve lopping ve ry high powe r s tra ight line a r motion • • • • •. O •. P re s s Hit Dra g obje cts . Ope n a nd Clos e . Fa s te ning tools .. COMP RES S ED AIR AND P RES S URED OIL ARE US ED A LOT IN THE S TRONG INDUS TRIAL MACHINERY: – – – –. ma chine s tha t give s ma ll je ts of a ir (e j. optics , cle a ning ...) control s ys te ms to ope n a nd clos e va lve s ... Ma chine s of a ve ra ge force s (driving a s s is ta nce , bra king in a ca r ...) Ma chine s tha t ha ve to de ve lop a lot of s tre ngth. >continuous force s : ie La rge pre s s e s , cra ne s , e xca va tor… >s udde n force s or knocks : ie ja ckha mme rs 5.
(8) ! phys ica l principle s •. N. In the s e circuits we s pe a k a bout fluid pre s s ure (a ir or oil). – P re s s ure is de fine d a s the force pe r unit a re a – Ins ide a circuit pre s s ure is cons ta nt, s o it is the s a me in the na rrow pipe tha n in the wide one . S2. P= O F1 S1. F S =. As the pressure is constant because the fluid is incomprehensi ble .... = Constant F2 S2 F1. F2. …produces a great force applied over a large area. S1. A small force applied over a small area .... Pressure is measured in atmospheres (atm) or bars (B) The force is measured in kiloponds (Kp) The surface is measured in square centimeters (cm2). 6.
(9) ! S olve the s e proble ms .. N. O. Activity 0.2: Look the pre vious figure : if we a pply a force F1 of 3 kilopond on a s urfa ce S 1 of 2 cm2, a nd the output cylinde r s urfa ce S 2 is 20 cm2, ca lcula te : a ) The pre s s ure tha t is produce d. b) the re s ulta nt force F2 Activity 0.3: If the pre s s ure give n by the a ir pump is 5 ba r, ca lcula te the force produce d a t the cylinde r outle t if it ha s a n a re a of 3 5 cm2. Activity 0.4: We wa nt a n output force F2 of 150 kilopond. If the pump pre s s ure is 7 ba r ca lcula te the a re a S 2 of the outle t cylinde r ne e de d. 0.5 activity: We wa nt to ra is e a we ight of 68 kilopond. We ha ve a cylinde r whos e s urfa ce is 15 cm2. Ca lcula te the pre s s ure a t which the pump mus t be a djus te d.. 7.
(10) N.O. ! I-circuit components. PNeumátics and Oleohydráulics!. 8.
(11) !! Circuit compone nts Actua tor: pis ton. plunge r. This is the ba s ic dia gra m of a n oil hydra ulic or pne uma tic circuit . Re ce ptor e le me nt. cylinde r. Control valve. Fluid s tora ge unit. ON / OFF Control valve. pump output pre s s ure of the fluid. Engine Fluid conditioning unit 9.
(12) I.compone nts. !! pumps • •. The pumps a re de vice s tha t compre s s (s que e ze ) the fluid. The y us e the e ne rgy of a n e ngine for doing this . The y cons is t of thre e pa rts : – – –. •. In the firs t fluid occupie s a norma l volume . The s e cond is the me cha nis m tha t pre s s . In the third fluid is compre s s e d.. The re a re s e ve ra l type s of pumps : va ne pump, pis ton pump, turbine pump, ge a r pump .... VANE PUMP Fluid s tora ge unit. Normal fluid zone. Compressed fluid zone. pump output pre s s ure of the fluid. Engine. Compre s s ion me cha nis m 10. ACTIVITY 1.1: Ma ke the picture , give the na me s a nd e xpla in how it works with words ..
(13) !! conditioning unit •. I.compone nts. For the fluid to e xit in good condition we us e the s e units , ha ving: – – – – – –. FILTERS : cle a ning fluid obje cts tha t ca n da ma ge the circuit. P RES S URE REGULATOR: For e xce s s ive force s ha ve not bre a k the circuit. P RES S URE GAUGE. S UP P LEMENTS TO FLUID AÑADIDORES : To work be s t ca n be a dde d, for e xa mple a ir, lubrica ting oils ..... VALVES : To turn off the circuit from the be ginning. CONDENS ER WATER de trime nta l to the circuit .... ! pre s s ure ga uge. N. filte r. O Fluid conditioning unit. Lubrica tor (for a ir only) S a fe ty s hutoff va lve. 11 ACTIVITY 1.2: Ma ke the picture , give the na me s a nd e xpla ins how it works with words ..
(14) I.compone nts. !! control va lve s • •. Control va lve s a llow the comma nd of the pa s s a nd dire ction of flow of a ir or oil. ACTIVATION: – – –. •. The va lve ca n be a ctiva te d ma nua lly with a pus h, le ve rs , pe da ls .... The y ca n a ls o be a ctiva te d a utoma tica lly with me cha nis ms , ca m, s prings , rolle rs , Als o with e le ctroma gne ts or pne uma tica lly.. RETURN TO S TARTING P OS ITION – –. The y ca n re turn to the s ite a utoma tica lly with s prings whe n the a ctiva tion ce a s e Or the y ca n re turn us ing s imila r me cha nis ms a s a ctiva ttion one s ... Air Inlet. Air outlet. POSITION 1. Air Inlet. Air outlet. Position 2 12. ACTIVITY 1.3: Ma ke the picture , give the na me s a nd e xpla ins how it works with words ..
(15) !! othe r control va lve s (1/3). I.compone nts. Control va lve s a llow or pre ve nt the fluid flow in a dire ction a nd control the force . All this to a void a ccide nts . •. CHECK VALVES: P re ve nt fluid ba ck through the conduit. Air pa s s e s to the right (the ba ll move s ) but not vice ve rs a (the ba ll clogs the pa s s a ge through the dock). •. FLOW CONTROL VALVES: Fluid pa s s e s quickly in one dire ction a nd re turn s lowly .It is a djus ta ble .. S lowe d e mptying. Norma l filling. ACTIVITY 1.4: Ma ke the picture , give the na me s a nd e xpla ins how it works with words . 13.
(16) !! othe r control va lve s (2/3). I.compone nts. •. SIMULTANEITY VALVES (AND): Only a llow the pa s s a ge of a ir through the output if both inputs a re a ctiva te d.. •. SELECTOR VALVES (OR): Allow the fluid to go through the output if a ny of the inputs a re a ctiva te d.. If the air com e s from the le ft, the ball plugs the rigth hole and the fluid goe s norm ally through the output. If the air com e s from the right the ball plugs the le ft hole and the fluid goe s norm ally through the output. ACTIVITY 1.5: Ma ke the picture , give the na me s a nd e xpla ins how it works with words .. 14.
(17) !! othe r control va lve s (3/3). I.compone nts. Control va lve s a llow or pre ve nt the pa s s a ge in one dire ction a nd control force . All to a void a ccide nts . •. QUICK RELEASE VALVES: -Le t the e ntra nce of fluid norma lly to its de s tina tion, but it le t the fluid ge t out ve ry quickly.. •. PRESSURE REGULATING VALVES: the y pre ve nt the fluid to ha ve a n e xce s s ive pre s s ure va lue . If the pre s s ure e xce e ds the va lue of the s pring a nd move s the va lve of the a ir e s ca pe s .. ACTIVITY 1.6 Expla in ope ra tion 15 with words ..
(18) !! ducts •. I.compone nts. The pipe s of the pne uma tic or hydra ulic circuits mus t be s uita ble for pre s s urize d fluids : – –. •. Ne e d not to be corrode d by the fluid, a ls o s ta inle s s . S trong: The y mus t withs ta nd the pre s s ure .. TYP ES : – – – – –. •. ductile iron, bla ck or ga lva nize d pipe s . s ta inle s s s te e l pipe s . Coppe r pipe s Rubbe r tube s P VC or nylon pipe s. !. CONNECTIONS : we ca n join the pipe s … – – –. By ins e rtion By introducing (more re s is ta nce ) Autos e a ling pipe with a me cha nica l va lve .. N O. 16.
(19) I.compone nts. !! cylinde rs Re ce ptors a re the e le me nts of the a ir. • S INGLE ACTING CYLINDER:. It ca n comma nd the move me nt in one dire ction with the fluid pre s s ure . The re turn is a utoma tic by a s pring whe n the pre s s ure ce a s e s. Control va lve. •. DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER: It ca n comma nd the move me nt in both dire ctions with the fluid pre s s ure . cylinde r. ACTIVITY 1.7: Expla in its ope ra tion in words . Control va lve. 17.
(20) !! a ctivitie s : •. I.compone nts. ACTIVITY 1.8: He re you ha ve a more re a lis tic pne uma tic circuit dia gra m: -Ide ntify e a ch e le me nt with its norma lize d s ymbol s e e n in the pre vious pa ge s . -Expla in the function of e a ch of the compone nts .. departamentos.uca.es. 18.
(21) N.O. ! II-Basic circuits. PNeumátics and Oleohydráulics!. 8.
(22) !! Circuit 1: s ingle -a cting cylinde r This is the circuit dia gra m of a s ingle pne uma tic cylinde r whos e pis ton is gove rne d only in one dire ction by the fluid pre s s ure . The re turn is a utoma tic by a s pring whe n the fluid pre s s ure ce a s e s .. I. Ba s ic circuits. S ingle -a cting cylinde r with a utoma tic s pring re turn 3/2 control valve (3 ways, 2 positions) Manually operated activation and spring return. Fluid conditioning unit. 2/2 control va lve ON/OFF Double ma nua l ope ra tion. com pre s s or. ACTIVITY 2.1: Ente r the na me to its compone nts . De s cribe its ope ra tion in words .. 22.
(23) !! Circuit 2: double a cting cylinde r. II. Ba s ic circuits. Double -a cting cylinde r. This is the circuit dia gra m of a pne uma tic cylinde r whos e pis ton is gove rne d in both dire ctions .. 4/2 control valve 4/2 (4 ways, 2 positions) Manually operated activation and spring return Fluid conditioning unit 2/2 Control valve ON / OFF Double m anual ope ration com pre s s or. ACTIVITY 2.2: Ente r the na me to its compone nts . Ope ra tion de s cribe d by words .. 23.
(24) !! a ctivitie s :. Ba s ic I.Circuitos. •. ACTIVITY 2.3: Dra w the circuit dia gra m for a n OIL HYDRAULIC s ingle a cting cylinde r. Add a che ck va lve be fore the oil conditioning unit.. •. ACTIVITY 2.4: Dra w a circuit dia gra m for a n OIL HYDRAULIC double a cting cylinde r. Add a che ck va lve be fore the oil conditioning unit. Add a flow control va lve for the output of the le ft ca me ra of the cylinde r.. ACTIVITY 2.5: Dra w the circuit dia gra m of a n P NEUMATICS double a cting cylinde r in which it is move d to the right only if pus hing two control va lve s a t once . Add a che ck va lve be fore the oil conditioning unit. Add a flow control va lve for the output of the le ft ca me ra of the cylinde r. Add a quick re le a s e va lve for the output of the right ca me ra of the cylinde r. •. •. ACTIVITY 2.6: S a me a s a bove but the pis ton move s to the right whe n we pus h a ny of two control va lve s .. 24.
(25) !! a ctivitie s : •. Ba s ic I.Circuitos. ACTIVITY 2.7: He re is the circuit dia gra m of a tire : Expla ins its ope ra tion e xpla ining e a ch of the compone nts .. 25.
(26) a lre a dy. N.O more. ! 26.
(27)
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