Annotated checklist of fishes at Jiquilisco Bay, El Salvador

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(1)Rev . Biol. Trop., 29( 1 ) : 45-58, 1 9 8 1. Annotated checklist oí fishes at Jiquilisco Bay , El Salvador by Peter C . Phillips* (Receiveu for publication July 4, 1 980). Abstraet: Ninety-eight species of fish are reported in an annotated checklist from Jiquiliscl' Bay , El Salvador . The systematil: survey, including basic capture data, updates two previous short-term surveys of this large mangrove embayment. Three range extensions are also reported.. Faunal surveys in the neotropics are rare in the lite rature . Robins ( 1 972), reviewing the status of survey collection s and systematic research in the region, noted that mangrove estuaries and embayments have been the le ast studied of al1 habitats. Along the coast of El Salvador, only short-term collections of fishes have been made (Hildebrand 1925 ; Hemand�z Rivas and Calderon 1974). A survey of the fishe ries resources of Jiquilisco Bay, El Salvador, was conducted from Septembe r 1975 to Novembe r 1976 (Phillips and Cole 1978). 1 herein provide a validated chtcklist of fishes resulting from that survey. DESCRIPTION OF THE SURVEY AREA Jiquilisco Bay, a mangrove embayment of 1 2 1 km 2 stretches along 50 km of the Salvadorean coastline and is delimited by the Río Lempa to the west and the Río Grande de San Miguel to the east (Fig. 1). The bay is a series of meandering, mudbottomed can als through the mangroves ; only near the bay mouth does a sand bottom predominate . The tropical cllmate of the area is characterizeri by a rainfal1 of 1 800 to 2000 mm from May to Octobe r and a dry season from November to April (Phillips and Cole 1978) . MATERIAL AND METHODS Six sampling stations were selected from 3 to 22 km from the bay mouth. Except fo r Station 1 , located near the mouth, which had a sand bottom and c1e ar waters , Stations 2-6 we re located in the mangrove over mud bottom and turbid waters. 1 sampled twice month1y at each station from September 1975 to November 1976. The principal gear used was a 5 m trynet towed for 45 mino To supplement *. Department of Forestry and Wildlife M anagement , Univer sity of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Present address: Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.. 45.

(2) � �. ./. /. /. /. /. /'. ./ ' _ í. / �,. \. � � '--..,. (. í \. \. RIO. \. ./. /. N. ¡. \. 1 3". 20'. RIO GRANDE DE. ;:o tTJ < ¡¡; >-l > t:I t"l al. O. t"" O �. ;;. >-l. el :g n. �. PACIFIC OCEAN. ro T T r i 5 KM. 88°140' Fig. 1 .. O. Map of Jiquilisco Hay, El Salvador, with locations of six sampling stations . Area within the dotted line denotes the drainage basin..

(3) PHILLIPS: Fishes of Jiquilisco · Bay, El Salvador. the trynet data, a beach seine (Station 1 0nly), occasionally used.. 47. a gillnet and a castnet were. CHECKLIST OF FISHES The annotated checklist of 98 species follows the phyletic order for teleosts of Greenwood et al. ( 1 966) . Within families, the species are arranged alphabetically. With few exceptions, vem acular names for e ach farnily are from Bailey et al. ( 1970) . Since there are no recent comprehensive keys to the fishes of the eastem tropical Pacific, re ferences used for identification follow the species n ame. Many specimens, verified by various ichthylogists, have been deposited at institutions with which these specialists are affiliated. The checkllst a1so provides the number of specimens captured, size range, capture date, 10cation, and gear. All measurements are total length. Remarks pertinent to sorne species are included. Carcharhi n idae (requiem sharks) Carcharinus limbatus (Müller and Henle, 1 84 1 ) ; Rosenblatt and Baldwin ( 1 958), Kato et al. ( 1967). 1(58 cm) , March 1 976, Sta. 5, gillnet . Sphyrnidae (h ammerhe ad sharks). Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1 834) ; Fraser-Brunner ( 1 950) , Gilbert ( l 967). 2(49 cm), June 1976, Sta. 6, gillnet . Dasyatidae (sting rays) Urotrygon astenas (Jordan and Gilbert , 1 882) ; Meek and Hildebrand ( 1 923), Chirichigno ( 1974) . 6 8( 9 - 29 cm) , O ct o b e r 1 9 7 5 , F e b ru ary , March, May, June, Septembe r-November 1 976, Stas. 1 ,3 , 5 , tl)'net. Sixty specimens were from Sta. 1 . Muraenidae (morays) Gymnothorax dovii (Günther, 1 870) ; J . E. McCosker (pers. comm. 1978). 1(60 cm) , August 1976, Sta. 4 , trynet. Heterenchelyidae. Pythonichtys asodes Rosenblatt and Rubino ff, 197 2 ; J. E. McCoske r (pers. comm. 1 97 8) . 1(43 cm) , January 1976, Sta. 4, tl)'net. P. asodes was first described by Rosenblatt and Rubino ff ( 1972) from specimens collected in Panamá Bay, the first Pacific Ocean reco rd of a hete renchelyid eel. Its later capture in Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica and in Jiquilisco Bay, El Salvador represents a considerable no rthward range extension for P. asodes (McCosker and Phillips, 1 979). Oph ichthidae (snake eels) Myrich thys tigrinu s Girard, 1 8 59 ; J. E. McCoske r (pers. comm. 1978) . 1(50 cm) , J anuary 1 97 6 ; 4(43 cm), October 1976 ; 1 (39 cm) , November 1 976, Sta. 1 ; trynet..

(4) 48. REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROpicAL. Ophichthus zophichir (Jordan and Gilbert, 188 1 ) ; 1 . E. McCosker (pers. comm. 197 8). 1(3 5 cm), December 19.75 , Sta. 2 ; 1 (65 cm), January 1 9 76, Sta. 1 ;2(50-56 cm), J anuary 1 976, Sta. 5 ; 2(25 cm) , Septembe r 1976, Sta. 3 ; 1(31 cm), October 1 976, Sta. 5 ; trynet. C lupeidae (he rrings) Ilisha furthii (Steindachner, 1874); Pete rson ( 1956) . 1(3 1 cm) , January 1976 , Sta. 5 ; 1 (3 1 cm) , September 1976, Sta. 6 ; gillnet. Lile stolifera (Jordan and Gilbert, 1 8 8 1 ) ; Peterson ( 1956) . 3 8 5 ( 3 - 1 5 cm) , S e p t e mb e r-Nov e mber 1975, January, February, June-September 1976 , Stas. 1 ,3 -6 , trynet, castnet, beach seine. 369 specimens we re taken in only a few beach seine hauls in January , Feb ruary, September 1976 at Station l . Neopisthopterus tropicus (Hildeb rand, 1946) ; Peterson ( 1 956). 1 69(5-9 cm) , March, July-November 1976, Stas. 3-6, trynet. Capture was principally confined to rainy season months. Ophisthonema libertate (Günther, 1 866) ; Peterson ( 1 956), Be rry and Barrett ( 1 963) . 74( 1 5-23 cm), October 1 9 7 5 , May, July, August, November 1976, Stas. 1 ,5 ,6 , trynet, gillnet. 63 specimes were gillnetted at high tide during July and August 1976 at interionnost Stations 5 and 6 . E ngraulidae (anchovies) 3 , 1 83(3- 1 5 cm) , October-December 1975, January-November 1 976, Stas. 1 -6, trynet , castnet, beach seine. After completing field work and a re-examination of preserved specimens, P .J. Whitehead found them to be a species mix of Anchoa panamensis and Anchovia rastralis. Most were taken at Station 1 . 1 ,9 5 1 were captuted by trynet and 1 ,1 39 by beach seine . Consistent capture of very small specimens indicated continuous spawning activity. Anchoa panamensis (Steindachner, 1 87 5); P. J. Whitehead (pers. comm. 1979). Anchovia rastralis (Gilbert and Pierson, 1 898); P. J . Whitehead (pers. comm . 1 979). Sy nodontidae (lizardfishes) Synodus scituliceps Jordan and Gilbert , 1 8 8 1 ; Norman ( 1 93 5). 1 9(7-3 1 cm) , February-July, October 1 976, Stas. 1 ,3,4 ,6, trynet. Ariidae (sea catfishes) Arius steindachneri (Gilbert and Starks, 1 8 75); Meek and Hildebrand ( 1 923). 40( 1 7-27 cm) , June -November 1976, Stas. 3-6, trynet, gillnet . The sea catfishes are among the most important food fishes in the bay. A. steindachneri was captured principally in the interiormost stations. This and the following species of sea catfish were taken only in rainy season months. Bagre panamensis (Gill, 1 863) ; Meek and Hildebrand ( 1 92 3) , Chirichigno ( 1 974). 38( 1 1 -23 cm), May-September 1976, Stas. 1 ,2,4,6 , trynet , gillnet. Most specimens (24) were taken in one trynet haul at high tide in August 1976 at Station 1 . Galeichthys jordani (Eigenmann and Eigenmann , 1 888); Meek and Hildebrand ( 1 923) ..

(5) PHILLIPS: Fishes of Jiquilisco Bay , El Salvador. 49. 4,01 5(3-27 cm), September 1975-September, November 1976, Stas . 1 -6, trynet , gillnet . G. jordani was the most abundant fish captured. Batracho ididae (toadfishes) Batrachoides sp . nov. Collette and Russo ( 1 9 8 1 ) B . B. Collette (pers. comm. 1 979). 235(30-37 cm), September, November , December 1 97 5 , January-July, September-November 1 976, Stas. 1 -6 , trynet, castnet . Captured mainly at interior statiollS. Porichthys greenei Gilbert and Starks, 1 904 ; Hubbs and Schultz ( 1 939). 1 02(3-9cm), September 1 975-March , May-November 1 976, Stas. 1 -6 , trynet. Hemiramph idae (ha1fbeaks) Hyporhamphus snyderi Meek and Hi1debrand, 1923 ; B . B . Collette (pers . comm. 1 97 8). 1 ( 1 1 cm), June 1976, Sta. 1, beach seine ; 1 0( 1 3 - 1 7 cm), June and Ju1y 1976, Sta . 3, castnet. Belo nidae (needlefishes) Strongylura scapularis (Jordan and Gilbert, 1 88 1 ) ; B . B . Collette (pers . comm.. 1 978) . 1 (25 cm) , June 1 976, Sta. 1 , beach seine. Capture of S. scapularis in Jiquilisco Bay represents a range extension, previous known range from Perú to Costa Rica Tylosurus crocodilus ¡odiator Jordan and Gilbert, 1 88 1 ; B . B . Collette (pers. comm. 1 978) . 2(3 5 4 1 cm) , February 1 976, Sta . 1 , beach seine . Poeciliidae (livebearers) Poeciliopsis turrubarensis (Meek; 1 9 1 2) ; R. R. Miller (pers. comm. 19 78) . . 1 01 (3-7 cm) , October, November 1 975, March , June , July 1 976, Stas. 3-6, castnet . Only found in interior stations while castnetting among mangrove prop roots. All specimens were female . Atherinidae (silversides) 1 .932(3-1 7 cm), October-December 1 975 , January-March, June, July, September-November 1 976, Stas. 1 -6 , trynet , castnet , beach seine . R. R. Miller identified a two-species mix among 63 specimens . Most ( 1 ,69 1 ) were captured by beach seine at Station 1 . Hubbsiella sardina (Jenkins and Evermann , 1 888); R. R. Miller (pers. comm. 1 978). Capture in Jiquilisco Bay, El Salvador represents a significant range extension to the south . Melaniris guatemalensis (Günther , 1 8 69); R . R. Miller (pers. comm. 1 978). Fistu lar iidae (cornetfishes) Fistularia commersoni Ruppell, 1 83 5 ; Fritzche ( 1976) . 1 2(25 -60 cm), November 1975-March, May-July , September 1 976. Stas. 1 ,2 ,4, trynet . Syngnathidae (seahorses) Hippocampu s ingens Girard , 1 858 ; Ginsburg ( 1937) ..

(6) 50. REVISTA D E BIOLOGIA TROPICAL. 35(5- 1 7 cm) , December 1 975 , February-JuIy, September-November 1 976, Stas. 1 ,2,3,5 , trynet . Thirty specimens were taken at Station 1 . Scorpaenidae (scorpionfishes) Scorpaena plumieri Bloch, 1 789; Ginsburg (1 953), Eschmeyer ( 1 965) . 1 5 (5 - 1 5 cm), March, April, J uIy-September 1 976, Stas. 1 , 3 ,5 , trynet, gillnet . Trigl idae (searobins) PriOrlotus horrens Richardson, 1 845 ; Teague ( 1 9 5 1 ) . 1 2 (3 - 1 3 cm) ,November 1 97 5 , January-March 1976, Stas. 1 -3, 5 ,6 , trynet. C entropomidae (snooks) Centropomus arma tus Gill, 1 863 ; T.H. Fraser (pers . comm. 1 978) . 9(9-23 cm), September, December 1975 - February 1976, Stas. 1-3 trynet, gillnet , castnet .. Cen tropomus nigreséens Günther , 1 864 ; T .H. Fraser (pers. comm. 1978) . 4(5 - 1 1 cm), October 1 975, Sta . 2, trynet. Cen tropomus robalito Jordan and Gilbert , 1 869 ; T .H . Fraser (pers. comm. 1 978). 1(3 1 cm), July 1 976, Sta . 2, trynet. Serranidae (sea basses) Ephinephelus multigu ttatus (Günther , 1 866); Smith ( 1 9 7 1 ) . 64(3- 1 5 cm), December 1975-May, July-October 1 976, Stas. 1 -6, trynet; 1 (5 cm) , October 1 97 5 , Sta . 6 , castnet : Capture was greatest (58) in dry season months and at interiormOst stations.. Ephinephelus analogus Gill, 1 8 64 ; Snúth ( 1 97 1 ) . 27(5-23), February, March , May , JuIy, September, October 1 976, Stas. 1 , 4-6, trynet. Most were captured at interiormost stations. G rammistidae (soapfishes) Rypticus nigripinnis Gill, 1 86 1 ; Chirichigno ( 1 974). 394(5-21 cm), September 1 975-November 1 976, Stas. 1 -5 , trynet . Nearly all specimens (390) were captured at Stas. 1 and 2. Apogonidae (cardinalfishes) Apogon dovii Günther, 1 86 1 ; G .H . Burgess (pers. comm. 1 978) . 2(5-7 cm), February 1 976, Sta. 4 ; trynet. Carangidae Gacks and pompanos) Carangoides otrynter (Jordan and Gilbert, 1 883) ; W. F . Smith - Vaniz (pers. oomm. 1978). 1 (2 1 cm), March 1 976, Sta . 1, gillnet. Caranx caballus Günther, U s5 8 ; W.F. S núth-Vaniz (pers. comm. 1 978) 6(27-33 cm), April 1 97 6 , Sta . 3, gillnet ; 2(1 7-23 cm) , August and September 1 976, Stas. 5 and 6, trynet . Caranx hippos caninus Günther, 1 869; W .F . Snúth-Vaniz (pers. COffilTI. 1 97 8). 1 9(5-3 1 cm), October-December 1975, March-JuIy, September, October.

(7) PHILLlPS: Fishes of Jiquilisco Bay, El Salvador. 51. 1 97 6 , Stas. 1 -6 , trynet, gillnet , castnet , W .F . Smith-Vaniz considers C. caninus Günther to be a subspecies of C. hippos (Linneaus) from the eastern Pacific o Ch/oroscombrus orqueta Jordan and Gilbert , 1 882; W.F . Smith-Vaniz (pers. comm. 1 978). 68(7-2 1 cm), April-October 1 976, Stas. 1 4,6, gillnet . Most were captured at Station 1 and during the rainy season. Nematistius pectoralis Gill, 1 8 62; Meek and Hildebrand ( 1 923) , Chirichigno (1 974). l (no measurement), July 1 976 , Sta. 2, gillnet . Oligoplites a/tus (Günther, 1 869) ; W .F . Smith-Vaniz (pers . comm. 1978) . 1 4(3-7 cm), June and July 1976, Sta. 1 , beach seine ; 1 3 (3- 1 7 cm). February, March , July , September 1 976, Stas. 3-5 , trynet, castnet. Se/ene brevoortia (Gill, 1 863) ; W.F. Smith-Vaniz (pers . comm. 1 978) . 77(7-1 8 cm) , March-August 1 976, Stas. 1 -3 , 5 ,6 , trynet ; 1 ( 1 9 cm), March 1 976, Sta . 1 , gillnet . Selene oerstedii Lütken, 1 880 ; W. F . Smith-Vaniz (pers. comm. 1 978). 1 ( 1 5 cm) , August 1976, Sta. 5, trynet ; 2( 1 5-23 cm ), September 1 976, Sta. 1 , trynet . Selene peruvianus (Guichenot , 1 865) ; W .F . Smith-Vaniz (pers. comm. 1978). 20( 1 3-2 1 cm), March-July, September 1 976, Stas. 1 4,6, trynet , gillnet. Trachinotus kennedyi Steindachner, 1 875 ; W . F. Srnith-Vaniz (pers. comm. 1 978). 1 ( 1 3 cm), August 1 976, Sta . 5 , trynet. Lutja nidae (snappers). Hoplopagrus guntheri Gill, 1 862; Walford (1937). 1 (5 cm), OCtober 1 97 5 , Sta . 1 , trynet .. Lutjanus argentiventris (Peters, 1 869); Walford ( 1937) .. 1 3( 1 1 -29 cm), September 1975 , January , February, July-September 1 976, Stas. 1 -3,6, trynet ; 1(21 cm), August 1 976 , Sta. 2, gillnet . Lutjanus guttatus Steindachner, 1 87 5 ; Walford ( 1 937) . 9(7-19 cm ), October 1 975, February, March, September, October 1976, Stas. 1 ,2 ,4, trynet . G erreidae (mojarras). Eucinostomus argenteus (Baird and Girard , 1 854) ; C . L . Hubbs (pers. comm. 1 977).. 1 ,333(3-29 cm) , September-December 1975 , February-October 1 976, Stas. 1 -6 , trynet, gillnet , castnet , beach seine. Capture was principally at Station 1 , near the bay mouth. Eucinostomus sp. nov. Zahuranec and Hubbs, MS ; C .L. Hubbs (pers. conun. 1 977). No capture data exists for the one specimen. Eugerres peruvianus (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1 830) ; C.L. Hubbs (pers. comm. 1 977). 1 ,5 1 0 (3-31 cm) , September 1975-November 1 976, trynet, gillnet, castnet . Capture occurred principally (74% at Stas. 5 and 6). Gerres cinereus (Walbaum, 1 792) ; C .L. Hubbs (pers. comm. 1 977) . 9(3-29 cm), September, October 1975 , September 1 9 7 6 , Stas. 2,5 ,6 , trynet . Pomadasyidae (grunts). Anisotremus dovii (Günther, 1 864); Chirichigno ( 1 974).. 1 9(5 -1 7 cm), February-October 1 976, Stas. 1 ,4-6, trynet ..

(8) 52. REVISTA D E BIOLOGIA TROPICAL. Anisotremus pacifici (Günther, 1 864); Clúrichigno ( 1 974). 64(3-1 9 cm), October 1975 -0ctober 1976, Stas. 1-6, trynet . Brachydeu terus leuciscus (Günther, 1 864); Chirichigno ( 1 974). 1 33(3-29 cm), October-December 1 975 , F ebruary-September 1 976, Stas. 1 -6, trynet , gillnet. Brachydeuterus nitidus (Steindachner, 1 869); Chirichigno ( 1 974). 45( 5-2 5 cm), September 1 975-March, June-October 1 976, Stas. 1 -6 , trynet, gillnet, castnet. Orthopristis chalceus (Günther , 1 864); Chirichigno ( 1 974). . 2( 1 5 cm) , May 1 976, Sta. 1 , trynet. Xenichthys xan ti Gill, 1 863 ; G .H . Burgess (pers. comm . 1 97 8). 1 ( 1 5 cm), June 1976, Sta. 1 , trynet. Sciaenidae (drums) Bairdiella ensifera (Jordan and Gilbert, 1 88 1 ) ; L. N. Chao (pers. comm. 1 977) . 34(3-2 1 cm) , September, November 1 97 5 , May-August 1 976, Stas. 2 ,4-6, trynet , gillnet . Cynoscion phoxocephalus Jordan and Gilbert, 1 88 1 ; L.N. Chao (pers. comm. 1 977) . 3 37(3-25 cm), November 1975-November 1 976, Stas. 1 -6 , trynet , gillnet, castnet . Cynoscion squamipinnis (Günther , 1 869); McPhail ( 1 958), Chirichigno ( 1 974). 37(3-1 7 cm) , June-October 1976, Stas. 3 ,4 ,6, trynet . Cynoscion stolzmanni (Steindachner , 1 879); L.N . Chao (pers. comm. 1977). 1 (3 4 cm), June 1976, Sta. 6 , gillnet. Isopisthus remifer Jordan and Gilbert, 1 88 1 ; McPhail ( 1 958) . 1(22 cm) , February 1 976, Sta . 2, gil).net . Larimus acclivis Jordan and Bristol, 1 89 8 ; L . N. Chao (pers. comm . 1 977). 1 (5 cm), November 1975, trynyt ; 1 ( 1 5 cm), April 1 976, trynet ; 2(21 cm), February 1976, gillnet ; Stas. 1 ,3 . Menticirrhus nasus (Günther, 1 869) ; L . N. Chao (pers. comm . 1 977). 20(3-23 cm) , October, December 1 975-March, May, June, September 1 976, Stas. 1 -3 ,5 , trynet. Unlike other sciaenids in Jiquilisco Bay, M. nasus was usually captured (55 %) at Station 1 near the bay mouth. Micropogon altipinnis Günther, 1 864; L. N . Chao (pers. comm. 1977) . 56(3-2 1 cm) , November 1 975 , January-May 1 976, Stas. 3-6, trynet , gillnet, castnet . Ophioscion sciera (Jordan and Gilbert , 1 884) ; L . N . Chao (pers . comm . 1 97 7). 1 7 1 (3 - 1 7 cm), September, December 1 97 5 , January , March-September, November 1 976, Stas. 2-6, trynet . Ophioscion typicus Gill, 1 8 63; McPhail (1 958). 77(3-1 7 cm), June-September 1976, Stas. 3-6 , trynet . Paralonchurus dumerilii (Bocourt , 1 869); L. N. Chao (pers. comm. 1 977). 1 ( 1 8 cm), March 1 976, Sta . 5, trynet . Stellifer oscitans (Jordan and Gilbert, 1 88 1 ); L. N. Chao (pers. comm. 1 977). 790(3-19 cm) , October, November 1 97 5 , February, May-September, November 1 976, Stas. 1 4,6, trynet , gillnet, castnet . S. oscitans was the most abundant sciaenid. Mullidae (goatfishes). Pseudupeneus grandisquamis Chirichigno ( 1 974) .. (Gill,. 1 8 63); Meek. and. Hildebrand. ( 1 923),.

(9) PHILLIPS: Fishes of Jiquilisco· Bay, El Salvador. 53. 44( 3 - 1 9 cm), October-December 1975, March-July , September, October 1 97 6 , Stas. 1 -6 , trynet . Eph ippidae (spadefishes) Chaetodipterus zonatus (Girard, 1 858); Meek and HiIdebrand (1 928), Chirichigno ( 1 974) . 74(3-2 1 cm), October 1975-November 1 976, trynet ; 2(1 3-1 5 cm) , March 1 97 6 , gillnet ; Stas. 1 ,2 . Parapsettus panamensis Steindachner, 1875 ; Meek and HiIdebrand ( 1 928), Chirichigno ( 1 974) . 1(5 cm), April 1 976, Sta. 1 , trynet. Chaetodontidae (bu tterfiyfishes) Chaetodon humeralis Günther, 1 860; Hubbs and Rechnitzer ( 1 9 58), Chirichigno ( 1 974) . 43(3-9 cm ), February-November 1 976, Stas. 1 ,3 -6, trynet . C ichlidae (cichlids) Sarotherodon mossambicus (=Tilapia mossambica) (Peters, 1 8 52). 1 ( 1 7 cm) , October 1976, Sta. 6 , trynet , introduced species. Mugilidae (mulIets) Mugil cephalus Linneaus, 1 758 ; EbeIing ( 1 96 1 ) . 1 54(3-43 cm), September-November 1 975 , January-March , June , JuIy, October 1 976, Stas. 1 -6, trynet , gillnet , castnet , beach seine . Sphyraenidae (barracudas) Sphyraena ensis Jordan and Gilbert , 1 878 ; Meek and HiIdebrand ( 1 923), Chirichigno ( 19 74) . . 1 (37 cm), February 1 976, 1 (39 cm) , June 1976, Sta. 2 , trynet. Polynemidae (threadfins) Polydactylus approximans (Lay and Bennett , 1 8 39) ; Myers ( 1 9 36) . 90(5-29 cm), November 1 975-September 1 976, Stas. 1 -6 ; trynet , gillnet, castnet . Gobiidae (gobies) Dormitator latifrons (Richardson , 1 844) ; C . E . Dawson (pers. comm. 1 978) . 1 (9 cm), November 1 97 5 , Sta . 3 ; 1 (24 cm), June 1976, Sta. 6 ; trynet . Enypnias seminudus (Günther , 1 8 6 1 ) ; R. S . Birdsong (pers. comm. 1978). 1 3(3-5 cm) , December 1 975 -February, Apri1, September and November 1 976, Stas. 3 -6 , trynet . Gobionellus sagittula (Günther , 1 86 1 ) ; C. E . Dawson (pers. comm. 1 978). 1 7(7-1 5 cm), December 1 975 , February-April, June , JuIy 1976, Stas. 3-6, trynet . Gobionellus microdon (Gilbert , 1 89 1 ) ; C. E. Dawson (pers. comm. 1 978). l (no measurement), June 1 976 , Sta . 6, trynet . Microgobius tabogensis Meek and Hildebrand, 1 92 8 ; R. S. Birdsong (pers. comm. 1 97 8) . 34(3-7 cm) , November 1 975-March , June , JuIy, September-November 1 976, Stas. 1 -6, trynet , castnet ..

(10) 54. REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL. Parrella lucretiae (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1 888) ; R.S . Birdsong (pers. comm. 1 978) . 47(3-9 cm), January, February 1976, Stas. 5 ,6, trynet . Scombridae (mackerels). Scomberomorus sierra Jordan and Starks, 1 895 ; B. B . Collette (pers. cornm. 1 978).. 4(4349 cm) , March, April 1 976, Stas. 3 ,6 , gillnet ; 1 (4 cm), July 1 976 , Sta. 4, castnet. Bothidae (lefteye flounders). atharichthys gilberti Jenkins and Evermann , 1 869 ; C . E . Dawson (pers . comm.. 1 978). 1 54(3-17 cm), December 1975-November 1 976, Stas. 1 -6 , trynet , castnet, beach seine. Most were captured by trynet and at Station 1 . Cyc/opsetta panamensis (Steindachner, 1 875); C . E . Dawson (pers. comm. 1 978). 1 1 9(5 -29 cm), December 1975-November 1 976, Stas. 1-6, trynet , gillnet. Most were captured by trynet and at Station 1 . Etropus crossotus Jordan and Gilbert, 1 88 1 ; C . E . Dawson (pers. comm. 1978) . 230(3- 1 5 cm), December 1 975-November 1 976, Stas. 1 -6 , trynet. Capture was mainly at Station 1 . Soleidae (soles). Achirus spp ., C .E. Dawson (pers. comm . 1 978).. 1 ,905(3-2 1 cm), September 1 975-November 1976, Stas. 1-6, trynet . At least two species were captured . Achirus spp . were a consistent component of the bottom fauna, 1 ,7 3 1 specimens were taken at Station 1 . Trinectes fimbriatus (Günther , 1 862) ; C . E . Dawson (pers. cornm. 1978) . 1 (7 cm) , October 1 975, Sta. 1 ; 5(7 -9 cm) , December 1 975 , Sta. 1 ; 1 (3 cm), February 1976, Sta. 3 ; trynet . . Cynoglossidae (tonguefishes). Symphurus atricaudus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1 880); C . E. Dawson (pers . comm.. 1 978) . 2 1 2( 5 - 1 9 cm), February.october 1 976, Stas. 1 -6, trynet. S. atricaudus was most abundant at interiormost stations. Symphurus elongatus (Günther, 1 869); C. E. Dawson (pers. comm . 1 978). 343(3-21 cm) , September 1 975-September, November 1976, Stas . 1 -6, trynet . Balistidae (triggerfishes). Pseudobalistes naufragíum (Jordan and Starks, 1 895); Berry and Baldwin ( 1 966). 1 ( 1 1 cm) , November 1976, Sta. 1 , trynet.. Tetraodontidae (puffers). Sphoeroides annulatus (Jenyns, 1 842); R. L Shipp (pers. comm. 1 9 78). 6(1 3-33 cm) , October, November 1976, Sta. 1 , trynet .. Sphoeroides lobatus (Steindachner, 1 87'0) ; R. L. Shipp (pers. comm. 1 978) . 9(9-2 1 cm), March, April 1 976 , Sta. 1 , trynet .. Sphoeroides sp. nov., R . L. Shipp (pers. cornm. 1 97 8) .. 3 39(3-3 1 cm), September 1975-November 1 976, Stas. 1 -6 , trynet , castnet, beach seine..

(11) PHILLIPS: Fishes of Jiquilisco· Bay, El Salvador. 55. DISCUSSION Hildebrand ( 1925) collected 1 8 species of fish at El Triunfo , the principal port in Jiquilisco Bay, in a one day visito Years later Hernandez Rivas and Calderon ( 1974) identified 56 species in a 6 month survey inventory . The present annotated checklist updates the previous listings with 98 spe cies , the majority of whose identifications have been validated by recognized specialists. Since the principal sampling gear used was the trynet , the relative numbers of the different species captured reflect a bias in favor of demersal fishes. It is important to mention this since species such as lutjanids, centropomids, clupeids and mugilids, which are an important component of the local artesanal fishery, were not captured in sub stantial numbers in the present study. Bay fishermen utilize gillnets to capture these fishes, while I only occasionaHy fished with a gillnet. The single arüd species, Galei.chthys jordani, accounted for 20% of all individuals captured in the study . This species, while comprising a substantial part of the local fishery, is not considered a choice fish and has limited commercial value. The most speciose family was the Sciaenidae , with 1 2 species captured in Jiquilisco Bay. The sciaenids are of great commercial value , especially those of the genus Cynoscion. Of special interest are the range extensions reported for Strongylura scapularis northward from Perú, Hubbsiella sardina southward from the Gulf of California and Pythonichthys asodes northward from Panamá Bay. Capture of the latter led to the second published discovery ofthis heterenchelyid eel sinceits initial description (McCosker and Phillips 1 979). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Appreciation goes to the U. S . Peace Corps, El Salvador, and the Servicio de Recursos Pesqueros of the Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, El �alvador. Materials for coHection and transport of specimens were provided by L. W . Knapp, Smithsonian O ceanographic Sorting Center. J . R. Burns, George Washington University, reviewed the manuscript . The following specialists kindly took the time to identify specimens sent to them: R. S. Birdsong, Old Dominion University, G . H. Burgess, Florida State Museum, L. N. Chao , formerly of the Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa, B . B . CoHette, NMFS Systematics Laboratory , C . E . Dawson, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, T. H . Fraser, Environmental Quality Laboratory, Inc ., Port Charlotte , Florida , the late C . L. Hubbs, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, J. E. McCosker , Steinhart Aquarium, California Academy of Sciences, R. R . Miller, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, R . L. Shipp, University of South Alabama, W . F . Smith-Vaniz, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and P . J . Whitehead, British Museum (Natural History). This paper was based on the author's masters thesis submitted to the Graduate School, University of Massachusetts, Arnherst, Massachusetts, USA. RESUMEN Se dan noventa y ocho especies de peces en una cuenta sistemática anotada de la bahía de Jiquilisco , El Salvador. Este inventario , incluyendo datos básicos sobre captura, substituye a dos inventarios preliminares de esta laguna de manglar. Tam bién se informa de tres extensiones de ámbito geográfico ..

(12) REVIST A DE BlOLOGIA TROPICAL. 56. LITERATURE CITED. Bailey, R. M., J. F. Fitch, E. S. Herald, E. A. Lachner, C. C. Lindsey, C. R. Robins, & W. B. Scott 1 970.. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. (3rd ed.), Amer. Fish. Soco Spec. Publ. no.6 , 1 5 0 p .. Berry, F . H. & W . J. Baldwin 1 966.. Triggerfishes (Balistidae) of the eastem Pacifico Proc. Calif. Acad. ScL 4 th ser. 34: 429-474.. Berry, F. H. & I. Barrett 1963.. Gillraker analysis and speciation in the thread herring genus Ophisthonema. Bull. Inter-Amer. Tuna Comm . 7 : 1 1 3-190.. CJúrichigno F., N . 1 97 4 .. Clave para identificar íos peces marinos del Perú. Inst . del Mar del Perú . Informe no. 44. 387 p .. Collette, B. B. & J. L. Russo 1 9 8 1.. A revision of the scaly toadfishes, genus Batrachoides, with descriptions of two new species from the eastern Pacifico Bull. Mar. Sci. (in press).. Ebeling, A. W. 1 96 1 . Mugil galapagensis, a new mullet from the Galapagos Islands, with notes on related species and a key to the Mugilidae of the eastern Pacifico Copeia 1 9 6 1(2): 295-30 5 .. Eschmeyer, W . N . 1 965.. Western Atlantic scorpionfishes of the genus Scorpaena, including four new species. Bull. Mar. ScL Gulf Caribb . 1 5 : 84-1 64.. Fraser-Brunner, A. 1950.. A synopsis of the hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna), with description of a 'new species. Rec. Austr. Mus . , Sydney. 2 2 : 2 1 3-21 9 .. Fritzche, R . A. 1976.. A review of the cornetfishes, genus Fistularia (Fistulariidae), with a discussion of intrageneric relationships and zoogeography. Bull. Mar. ScL 2 6 : 1 96-204.. Gilbert, C. 1 96 7.. A revision of the hammerhead sharks (Family Sphyrnidae). U . S . N . M . Proc. 1 1 9 : 1 -88.. Ginsburg, I . 1 937.. Review of the seahorses (Hippocampus) found on the coasts of the American continents and of Europe. U. S. N. M. Proc. 8 3(299 7 ) : 497-594.. Ginsburg, I. 1 95 3 .. Western Atlantic scorpionfishes. Smithson . Misc. Coll. 1 21 : 1 -1 0 3 .. Greenwood, P. H . , D. E _ Rosen, S . H. Weitzman & G . S. Myers 1966.. Phyletic studies of teleostean fishes, with a provisional c\assification of living form s. Bull. Amer . Mus. Nat . Hist. 1 3 1 : 341-4 5 5 .. Hernández Rivas, R . A., & M . G. Calderón 1 974.. Inventario preliminar de la flora y fauna acuática de la bahía de Jiquilisco. Servicio de Recursos Pesqueros. D. G. R. N. R . , M . A. G . , San Salvador, El Salvador. 30 p ..

(13) PHILLIPS: Fishes of Jiquilisco 'Bay , El Salvador. 57. Hildebrand, S. F. 1 92 5 ,. Fishes o f the Republic of E l Salvador, Central America, Bu1\. U. S, Bur. Fish. 4 1 : 237·287,. Hubbs, C. L. & A. B. Rechnitzer 1 95 8 . A new fish, Chaetodon falcifer, from Guada1upe Is1and, Baja California, with note" on reiated species , Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4th ser . , 29: 273-3 1 3 ,. Hubbs, C. L . & L . P. Schultz 1 9 39.. A revision of the toadfishes referred to Porichthys and re1ated genera. U. S . N. M. Proc. 86 : 4 73496.. Kato, S., S. Springer, & M. Wagner 1 96 7 .. Fie1d guide t o eastern Pacific and Hawaiian sharks, U. S, Fish & Wild . , Bur. Comm. Fish. Circ. 27 1 : 1 4 7 .. McCosker, J. E., & P. C . Plúllips 19 79.. Occurrence of the heterenchelyid ee1 Pythonichthys aso des at Costa Rica and El Salvador. Bull. Mar. Sci. 29: 5'19-600.. McPhail, J. D. 1958.. Key t o the croakers (Sciaenidae) o f the eastern Pacifico U . Brit. Co\. Inst. Fish., Mus. Contrib. 2: 1 -20 .. Meek, S. & S. F. Hildebrand 1 9 23-1 928. The marine fishes of Panama. Publ. Field Mus. Nat . Hist. Zoo\. Ser. Vol. 1 5 ; 1 pt. 1 9 2 3 : 1 -300; 2 pt . 1 9 25 : 3 3 1 -7 0 7 ; 3 pt. 1 9 2 8 : 709- 1 04 5 .. Myers. G. S . 1 93 6 .. A new po1ynemid fish collected i n the Sadong River. Sarawak, b y D r . William T. Hornaday, with notes on the genera of Po1ynemidae. J. Wash. Acad, Sci. 26: 3 76-382.. Norman, J . R. 1935.. A revision o f the liz3fd-fishes of the genera Synodus, Trach inoceph alus , and. Saurida. Proc. lOo\. Soco London 1 93 5 : 99-1 3 5 . Peterson, C. L. 1 956.. Observation on the taxonomy, biology, and ecology of the engraulid and c1upeid fishes on the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. Bull. Inter-Amer. Tuna Comm. 1 : 1 37 -280 .. Plúllips, P. C. & C. F. Co1e 1978.. Fisheries resources of Jiquilisco Bay, El Salvador. Gulf Carib. Fish. Inst., Proc, 3 0th Ann. Sess . : · 8 1-94.. Robins, C. R. 1 97 2 , The stat e o f know1edge of the coastal fish fauna o f the Panamic region prior to the construction of an interoceanic sea-leve1 canal. Bull. Biol. Soco Wash. no. 2: 1 5 9-1 6 6 .. Rosenblatt, R. H. & W. J . Baldwin 1958 .. A review of the eastern Pacific sharks of the genus Carcharhinus, with a redescription of C. malpeloensis (Fow1er) and C. remotus (Dumeril) . Calif. Fish and Game 44: 1 3 7-1 5 9 .. Rosenblatt, R. H . & I. Rubinoff 1972. Pythonichthys asodes,. a. new heterenche1yid ee1 from the Gulf o f Panama . Bull.. Mar . Sci., 2 2 : 355-364.. Smith, C. L. 1971.. A revision of the American groupers: Epinephelus alld allied genera. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hisí. 1 4 6 : 67-242..

(14) 58. REVISTA D E BIOLOGIA TROPICAL. Teague, G. W. 1 95 1 .. The sea·robins of America. A revision of the triglid físnes of the genus Prionotus. Como Zoo\. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo 3 (6 1 ) : 1 -5 9 .. Walford, L. A . 1 93 7.. Marine game fishes of the Pacifíc coast from Alaska to the equator. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley. 205 p..

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