TD/STAT.27
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT
Geneva
UNCTAD HANDBOOK OF STATISTICS
__________________
CONFERENCE DES NATIONS UNIES SUR LE COMMERCE ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT
Genève
MANUEL DE STATISTIQUES DE LA CNUCED
2002
UNITED NATIONS
New York and Geneva
2002
NOTE
Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol
indicates a reference to a United Nations document.
General disclaimer
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any
opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country,
territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Where the designation “country or area” appears in the dimensions of tables, it covers countries, territories, cities and
areas.
The designations “developed” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a
judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.
*
* *
NOTE
La cote des documents de l'Organisation des Nations Unies se compose de lettres majuscules et de chiffres. La mention
d'une telle cote indique qu'il est fait référence à un document de l'Organisation.
Déni de responsabilité
Les appellations employées dans cette publication et la présentation des données qui y figurent n'impliquent, de la part du
Secrétariat de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique des pays, territoires,
villes ou zones, ou de leurs autorités, ni quant au tracé de leurs frontières ou limites.
L'appellation «pays ou zone» figurant dans certaines rubriques des tableaux désigne des pays, des territoires, des villes
ou des zones.
Les termes «développés» et «en développement» sont utilisés pour plus de commodité dans la présentation des
statistiques et n'impliquent pas nécessairement un jugement quant au stade de développement auquel est parvenu un
pays ou une zone donnée.
.
UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION
Sales No. E/F.03.II.D.2
ISBN
92-1-012048-5
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
The UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics provides a comprehensive
collection of statistical data relevant to the analysis of world
trade, investment and development for the use of government
officials, university and other research specialists, and others
interested in these subjects.
As the complementary CD-ROM version of the Handbook
presents the full time series of data, this printed publication
focuses on recent statistics.
The tables, while largely based on existing international and
national data sources, provide a compilation of data that is
unique in the following ways:
♦
Wherever possible, data are presented in an analytical
way, through the use of rank orderings, growth rates,
shares and other special calculations, so as to facilitate
their interpretation. Statistical classifications have been
condensed into groupings of particular relevance to the
analysis of trade and development.
♦
Time series of basic trade data cover periods that the
UNCTAD secretariat considers as particularly relevant to
statistical and other applicable analysis.
♦
A number of the series shown represent UNCTAD
secretariat estimates based on detailed research and
analysis. Examples are the terms of trade and related
indices (shown in tables 2.1).
♦
Every effort has been made to take account of all available
information in order to provide as complete coverage as
possible for individual countries. In some cases this has
involved secretariat judgements regarding data sources for
a particular country.
Particular acknowledgement is made of the cooperation
extended by the Statistics Division, Department of Economic
and Social Affairs of the United Nations, as well as by other
international organisations, in the preparation of this publication.
Le but du Manuel de statistiques de la CNUCED est de fournir,
à l’intention des administrations nationales, des universitaires et
autres spécialistes de la recherche, des organisations
internationales, et de tous ceux que la question intéresse,
l'ensemble de données statistiques essentielles à l'analyse du
commerce mondial, de l'investissement et du développement.
Comme la version CD-ROM du Manuel, complémentaire à cette
publication, présente les séries complètes de données, la
version imprimée fait apparaître les valeurs récentes.
Les tableaux, qui font appel principalement aux sources de
données internationales et nationales existantes, forment un
catalogue unique de statistiques établies de la manière
suivante :
♦
Chaque fois que possible, les données ont été présentées
d'une manière analytique, classées par ordre de grandeur,
taux de croissance, parts et autres calculs spéciaux, afin
d'en faciliter l'interprétation. Des groupements se prêtant
particulièrement bien à l'analyse du commerce et du
développement ont été réalisés au sein des nomenclatures
statistiques.
♦
Les séries chronologiques de données de base sur le
commerce couvrent des périodes que le secrétariat de la
CNUCED considère être d’une importance particulière
pour des analyses statistiques et autres analyses du sujet.
♦
Un certain nombre de séries correspondent à des
estimations du secrétariat de la CNUCED fondées sur des
recherches et des analyses détaillées. On peut mentionner
à cet égard les termes de l'échange et indices connexes
(figurant aux tableaux 2.1).
♦
Le secrétariat s'est efforcé de tenir compte de tous les
renseignements disponibles afin de brosser dans chaque
cas un tableau aussi complet que possible de la situation.
Ce faisant, il a parfois dû opérer un choix entre différentes
sources de données pour tel ou tel pays.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE DES MATIERES
Table/Text
Page
Note
ii
Foreword
iii
Table of contents
iv
General notes viii
Distribution of countries and territories x
Distribution of developing countries/territories
by region xi
Distribution of developing countries/territories
by economic grouping
xii
Distribution of countries/territories by trade bloc
xv
Abbreviations
xviii
PART ONE
Value, growth and shares of world trade
in current prices; trade balances;
intra-trade by region
1.1A Value of exports and imports by region
and country
2
1.1B Value of exports and imports by economic
grouping
12
1.1C Share of world exports and imports
14
1.2A Annual average growth rates of exports and
imports by region and country
16
1.2B Annual average growth rates of exports and
imports by economic grouping
24
1.3 Value of trade balance, and as percentage
of
imports
26
1.4
Intra-trade of regional or trade groups
34
PART TWO
Volume, unit value, and terms of trade indices
by region and economic grouping;
commodity price indices
2.1A Volume indices of exports
38
2.1B
Volume indices of imports
39
2.1C
Unit value indices of exports
40
2.1D
Unit value indices of imports
41
2.1E
Terms of trade indices
42
2.1F
Purchasing power indices of exports
43
2.2 Annual and quarterly indices of free market prices
of selected primary commodities
44
Tableau/Texte
Page
Note
ii
Introduction iii
Table des matières iv
Notes générales xix
Répartition des pays et territoires xxi
Répartition des pays/territoires en développement
par régions xxii
Répartition des pays/territoires en développement
par groupements économiques xxiii
Répartition des pays/territoires par groupements
commerciaux xxvi
Abréviations xxix
PREMIERE PARTIE
Valeur, croissance et parts du commerce mondial
en prix courants ; balances commerciales ;
commerce intra-régional par régions
1.1A Valeur des exportations et des importations
par régions et par pays
2
1.1B Valeur des exportations et des importations
par groupements économiques
12
1.1C Parts dans les exportations et les
importations mondiales 14
1.2A Taux d'accroissement annuels moyens des
exportations et des importations par régions
et par 16
1.2B Taux d'accroissement annuels moyens des
exportations et des importations par groupements
économiques
24
1.3 Valeur de la balance commerciale et
sa part dans les importations
26
1.4
Commerce interne des groupements régionaux
ou commerciaux
34
DEUXIEME PARTIE
Indices du volume, de la valeur unitaire et des termes de
l'échange des par régions et par groupements économiques ;
indices des prix des produits de base
2.1A
Indices du volume des exportations
38
2.1B
Indices du volume des importations
39
2.1C
Indices de la valeur unitaire des exportations
40
2.1D
Indices de la valeur unitaire des importations
41
2.1E Indices des termes de l'échange
42
2.1F
Indices du pouvoir d'achat des exportations
43
Table Page
PART THREE
Network of world trade: summary
by selected regions of origin and destination;
export and import structure
by selected commodity groups
3.1A
Export structure by main regions of destination
52
3.1B Import structure by main regions of origin
70
3.2.1
Export structure by destination and by major
commodity groups:
A.
World
88
B.
Developed market economy countries
90
C.
Developing countries and territories
92
D.
OPEC members
94
E.
Other developing countries and territories
96
F.
Countries in Eastern Europe
98
G.
Developing America
100
H.
Developing Africa
102
I.
Developing West Asia
104
J.
Other developing Asia
106
3.2.2 Import structure by origin and by major
commodity groups:
A.
World 108
B.
Developed market economy countries
110
C.
Developing countries and territories
112
D.
OPEC members
114
E.
Other developing countries and territories
116
F.
Countries in Eastern Europe
118
G.
Developing America
120
H.
Developing Africa
122
I.
Developing West Asia
124
J.
Other developing Asia
126
PART FOUR
Export and import structure by
commodity group and by country;
major exports of developing countries and territories
by leading exporters
4.1A Export structure by main categories
132
4.1B Import structure by main categories
144
4.2
Export structure at the SITC Revision 2, group
(3-digit) level (ranked by average 1999-2000
values):
A.
World
156
B.
Developed market economy countries
160
C.
Developing countries and territories
164
D.
Individual countries and territories
168
4.2E Major exporters for 70 leading products
among developing countries, at the SITC
Rev. 2, group (3-digit) level (ranked by
average 1999-2000 values)
188
English/French Glossary of 3-digit Standard
International Trade Classification (SITC),
Revision 2 Headings
199
Tableau
Page
TROISIEME PARTIE
Réseau du commerce mondial : résumé par
principales régions d'origine et de destination ;
structure des exportations et des importations
par principaux groupes de produits
3.1A Structure des exportations par principales régions
de destination
52
3.1B
Structure des importations par principales régions
d'origine
70
3.2.1 Structure des exportations par destination et par
principaux groupes de produits :
A.
Monde
88
B.
Pays développés à économie de marché
ii
90
C.
Pays et territoires en développement 92
D.
Membres de l'OPEP 94
E.
Autres pays et territoires en développement 96
F.
Pays d'Europe orientale
98
G.
Amérique en développement
100
H.
Afrique en développement
102
I.
Asie occidentale en développement
104
J.
Autres pays d'Asie en développement
106
3.2.2
Structure des importations par origine
et par principaux groupes de produits :
A.
Monde
108
B.
Pays développés à économie de marché
110
C.
Pays et territoires en développement
112
D.
Membres de l'OPEP
114
E.
Autres pays et territoires en développement
116
F.
Pays d'Europe orientale
118
G.
Amérique en développement
120
H.
Afrique en développement
122
I.
Asie occidentale en développement
124
J.
Autres pays d'Asie en développement
126
QUATRIEME PARTIE
Structure des exportations et des importations
par groupes de produits et par pays ; principales
exportations des pays et territoires en développement,
par principaux exportateurs
4.1A Structure des exportations par principales
catégories
132
4.1B
Structure des importations par principales
catégories
144
4.2
Structure des exportations au niveau des groupes
(position à trois chiffres) de la CTCI révision 2
(classées d'après la moyenne des valeurs
de 1999-2000) :
A.
Monde
156
B.
Pays développés à économie de marché
160
C.
Pays et territoires en développement
164
D.
Pays et territoires individuels
168
4.2E Principaux exportateurs de 70 produits
majeurs parmi les pays en développement,
au niveau des groupes (position à trois chiffres)
de la CTCI rév. 2 (classés d'après la
moyenne des valeurs de 1999-2000)
188
Table Page
PART FIVE
Trade in services
5.1
Value of exports and imports of services by
region and country
208
5.2A Leading exporters of services among developing
countries by main category of services (ranked
by year 2000 values) 216
5.2B Leading importers of services among developing
countries by main category of services (ranked
by year 2000 values) 221
5.3 Travel services indicators (tourism statistics) 227
PART SIX
Balance of payments; foreign direct investment;
financial resource flows and external indebtedness
6.1 Balance of payments: current account
summaries
248
6.2 Foreign direct investment: inward and
outward flows 274
6.3 Workers’ remittances
282
A. Receipts
B. Payments
6.4 International reserves of developing
countries and territories
286
6.5 Official financial flows from bilateral and
multilateral sources to developing countries
and territories 293
6.6
External long-term debt of developing countries
and territories by source of lending
A.
Developing countries and territories
309
B.
Major petroleum exporters
310
C.
Other developing countries and territories
311
D.
Major exporters of manufactures
312
E.
Remaining countries
313
PART SEVEN
Some basic indicators of development
7.1
Population, area, density and total and per capita
gross domestic product
316
7.2 Annual average growth rates of total and per
capita real gross domestic product at market
prices
322
7.3 Gross domestic product by type of expenditure
and by kind of economic activity
330
7.4
Selected indicators of development: population,
health and environment 346
7.5
Selected indicators of development:
education, employment, gender equality
and migration 356
7.6
Selected telecommunication indicators:
television sets, telephones, personal
computers and Internet
364
Tableau
Page
CINQIUEME PARTIE
Commerce des services
5.1 Valeur des exportations et des importations
des services par régions et par pays 208
5.2A Principaux exportateurs de services parmi
les pays en développement par catégories
de services (classés d'après les valeurs de
l'an 2000) 216
5.2B Principaux importateurs de services parmi
les pays en développement par catégories
de services (classés d'après les valeurs de
l'an 2000) 221
5.3 Indicateurs des services des voyages
(statistiques du tourisme) 227
SIXIEME PARTIE
Balance des paiements ; investissement direct étranger ;
flux de ressources financières et endettement extérieur
6.1 Balance des paiements : sommaires des
comptes des transactions courantes
212
6.2
Investissement direct étranger :
flux entrants et sortants 274
6.3 Envois de fonds des travailleurs 282
A. Recettes
B. Paiements
6.4 Réserves internationales des pays
et territoires en développement
286
6.5
Flux financiers publics bilatéraux et
multilatéraux à destination des pays
et territoires en développement
293
6.6
Dette extérieure à long terme des pays et
territoires en développement par
catégorie de prêt
A.
Pays et territoires en développement
309
B.
Principaux pays exportateurs de pétrole
310
C.
Autres pays et territoires en développement
311
D.
Principaux pays exportateurs d'articles
manufacturés
312
E. Autres pays
313
SEPTIEME PARTIE
Quelques indicateurs fondamentaux du développement
7.1
Population, superficie, densité et produit
intérieur brut, total et par habitant
316
7.2 Taux d'accroissement annuels moyens du
produit intérieur brut réel total et par habitant
aux prix du marché
322
7.3
Produit intérieur brut par catégorie de dépense
et par branche d'activité économique
330
7.4 Quelques indicateurs du développement :
population, santé et environnement
346
7.5 Quelques indicateurs du développement :
éducation, emploi, égalité entre hommes
et femmes et migration 356
7.6 Quelques indicateurs des télécommunications :
postes téléviseurs, téléphones, ordinateurs
Table Page
PART EIGHT
Special studies
8.1
Tentative terms of trade estimates for
developing countries and territories
374
8.2A Export concentration and diversification
indices by country 397
8.2B Import concentration and diversification
indices by country 400
8.3A Export concentration and structural change
indices by product 404
8.3B Import concentration and structural change
indices by product 408
8.4 Instability indices and trends in monthly market
prices for selected primary commodities 413
Tableau
Page
HUITIEME PARTIE
Etudes spéciales
8.1 Estimations approximatives des termes de
l'échange pour les pays et territoires en
développement 374
8.2A Indices de concentration et de diversification
des exportations par pays 397
8.2B Indices de concentration et de diversification
des importations par pays 400
8.3A Indices de concentration et de changements
structurels des exportations par produits 404
8.3B Indices de concentration et de changements
structurels des importations par produits 408
8.4 Indices d'instabilité et de tendances des prix
GENERAL NOTES
These notes summarize briefly the coverage of each part of
the Handbook and highlight modifications as compared with
previous issues. The 2002 version of the UNCTAD Handbook of
Statistics offers users two new parts or categories of statistics.
Figures on trade in services now form a separate category (V)
and include two new tables. The part Special studies (VIII)
includes sets of data published in the Handbook for the first time
in order to further enhance the analytical value of the publication
and to respond to the interests and suggestions of users. The
Annex that contained information on the network of world
exports, which was published in previous issues of the
Handbook, has been discontinued in the printed version, but the
corresponding data are included on the CD-ROM.
Chapter and table numbering and titles have been modified
where appropriate in order to exactly match the numbering of
tables in the CD-ROM version of the UNCTAD Handbook of
Statistics 2002, and thus to make locating information easier for
those who use both versions complementarily.
The next paragraphs contain short descriptions of all the
data tables presented in the Handbook. The following
designations are used:
*
indicates a data set presented in the Handbook for the
first time
** gives a corresponding table number from the 2001
edition of the printed version of the Handbook
*** designates a table number from the 2001 issue to which
this year's version of the table partially corresponds.
PART ONE
Value, growth and shares of world trade in current prices;
trade balances; intra-trade by region
The national system of reporting (general trade or special
trade) and valuation is indicated in table 1.1A. Regional totals for
developed market-economy countries have been adjusted
where necessary to approximate imports c.i.f. and exports f.o.b.
in special trade. (**1.1/2) The same data for different economic
groupings are shown in table 1.1B. (**1.3/4)
Table 1.1C includes shares of world exports and imports.
(**1.9/10)
Growth rates derived from tables 1.1A and 1.1B are
presented in tables 1.2A (**1.5/6) and 1.2B (**1.7/8).
Table 1.3 contains trade balances (exports f.o.b. minus
imports c.i.f.) and these balances as a percentage of imports by
country, region and economic grouping. (**1.11/12)
Table 1.4 shows the relative importance of intra-trade in
total trade of different trade blocs or regional groupings. (1.13*)
PART TWO
Volume, unit value and terms of trade indices
by region and economic grouping;
commodity price indices
The group of tables 2.1 (2.1A to 2.1F) shows volume and
unit value indices for exports and imports, and the terms of trade
and purchasing power of exports for developed and developing
countries by region and economic grouping. The indices for
developing countries and territories are based on estimates by
the UNCTAD secretariat. (**2.1 to 2.6) Complete details are
shown in table 8.1, which also provides a description of the
methodology.
Table 2.2 includes aggregated price indices for primary
commodity groups such as food, tropical beverages, vegetable
oilseeds and oils, agricultural raw materials and minerals, ores
and metals as well as a combined price index in current US
dollars.
Also included are the annual and quarterly free-market price
indices of selected commodities exported by developing
countries. For reference, market prices in current dollars are
shown for the base year. The table is based on data from the
UNCTAD Commodity Price Bulletin. (**2.7)
PART THREE
Network of world trade: summary by selected regions of
origin and destination; export and import structure by
selected commodity groups
Tables 3.1A and 3.1B show, respectively, the export and
import structure of individual countries by main regions of origin
and destination. (**3.3 and 3.4)
The group of tables 3.2.1 presents the export structure by
destination and by major commodity groups for the world and
selected regions, while tables grouped under the 3.2.2 heading
provide the same information for imports by origin. The complete
data on which the figures shown are based are contained in
table 3.2 of the CD-ROM version of the UNCTAD Handbook of
Statistics 2002. (**3.1 and 3.2)
PART FOUR
Export and import structure by commodity group and by
country; major exports of developing countries and
territories by leading exporters
Tables 4.1A and 4.1B show the export and import structure
of individual countries and territories for selected years. The
tables contain the share of total trade accounted for by specific
commodity categories. (**4.1 and 4.2)
Tables 4.2A, B and C present SITC group Revision 2
(3-digit) level exports for the world, for developed countries and for
developing countries and territories respectively. The share of
the commodity in the exports of the region and world is shown,
as are its annual average growth rate in the region and its
deviation from that of the world. (**4.3A, B and C)
Table 4.2D shows the leading exports at the SITC group
Revision 2 (3-digit) level for individual countries and territories.
Each commodity's share in the total exports of the countries, as
well as in those of the region and the world, is also presented.
(**4.3D)
Table 4.2E includes information on the major exporters of 70
leading commodities among developing countries and territories
at the SITC group Revision 2 (3-digit) level, with their shares
shown in a manner similar to that used in table 4.2 D. (**4.4)
PART FIVE
Trade in services
Table 5.1 presents the value of total trade in commercial
services by country, region and economic grouping. The figures
refer to 10 principal service categories as defined in the IMF
Balance of Payments Manual (1993, BPM 5). However,
government services, n.i.e., the 11
thcategory in the BPM 5
division, are not taken into account. The aggregate figures
presented also include the UNCTAD secretariat's estimates that
are not shown separately. (**1.14)
Table 5.2A* indicates 20 major exporters, among developing
countries, for each of the 10 principal service categories as
defined in the IMF Balance of Payments Manual (1993, BPM 5).
Government services, n.i.e., are not included. Table 5.2B*
presents the same information for 20 major importers of services
among developing countries.
Table 5.3* focuses on travel services. It presents selected
tourism statistics for individual countries for recent years.
PART SIX
Balance of payments; foreign direct investment; financial
resource flows and external indebtedness
Table 6.1 presents summaries of the current account of the
balance of payments for all countries and territories. Following
the table are notes that provide explanations of the categories
and terminology employed. (**5.1)
Table 6.2 comprises information on foreign direct investment
(FDI) inflows and outflows by country and regional grouping.
(**5.3)
Tables 6.3A and B present information on major receivers
and benefactors of workers’ remittances among developing
countries. Following the table are notes that provide a definition
of this category. (**5.5A and B)
Table 6.4 presents data on international reserves of
developing countries and territories by country, region and
economic grouping. Also shown are the months of imports that
these reserves could finance. (**5.2)
Table 6.5 gives a summary of the different types of official
financial flows to developing countries and territories by country,
region and economic grouping. (**5.4)
Table 6.6 shows data on the external indebtedness of
developing countries and territories by region and economic
grouping. It also provides a detailed breakdown of public and
publicly guaranteed debt by source of lending. (**5.6)
PART SEVEN
Some basic indicators of development
Table 7.1 provides information on population and density,
area and total and per capita current GDP (in dollars) by
country, region and economic grouping. GDP per capita
estimates in US dollars presented in this table are derived from
data in national currency converted into dollars at the prevailing
exchange rates. In some cases and owing to conversion
methods with market and official exchange rates that are not
always satisfactory, GDP per capita levels shown may be
subject to distortions. Such figures could, therefore, require
further processing. (**6.1)
Table 7.2 contains annual average growth rates of total and
per capita real GDP at market prices by country, region and
economic grouping. (**6.2)
Table 7.3 provides data on GDP by type of expenditure and
kind of economic activity, by country, region and economic
grouping. (**6.3)
Table 7.4 shows selected economic and social indicators for
individual countries. It contains information on population, in
addition to that shown in table 7.1, other demographic data, and
health and environment statistics. (***6.4)
Table 7.5 presents another set of socio-economic data for
individual countries. It focuses on education, labour force,
gender and migration indicators. (***6.4)
Table 7.6 contains data on telecommunications, information
and media access. Indicators shown refer to television sets,
telephones, personal computers, the Internet, costs and
revenues in the telecommunications sector, etc. (**6.5)
PART EIGHT
Special studies
Table 8.1 contains tentative estimates of export and import
unit value indices for individual developing countries and
territories, as well as the terms of trade and purchasing power of
exports derived from them. (**7.1)
Table 8.2A includes the time series of export concentration
and diversification indices for individual countries and territories,
while table 8.2B presents the same indices for imports. (***4.5)
Tables 8.3A* and B* provide the concentration and
structural change indices for exports and imports by product at
the SITC group Revision 2 (3-digit) level.
Instability indices and trends in monthly market prices for
selected primary commodities are presented in table 8.4*.
OTHER NOTES AND EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS
Details and percentages in tables do not necessarily add to
totals because of rounding.
“Dollars” ($) refers to US dollars, unless otherwise stated. The
term “billion” signifies 1,000 million.
A zero (0) means that the amount is nil or negligible.
The symbol underscore (_) indicates that the item is not
applicable.
Two dots (..) indicate that the data are not available or are not
separately reported.
Use of a hyphen (-) between years (e.g. 1965-1970) signifies the
full period involved, including the initial and final years.
In America : Canada and the United States.
In Africa : South Africa.
In Asia : Israel and Japan.
In Oceania : Australia and New Zealand.
DISTRIBUTION OF COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES
The country distributions presented on the following pages have been adopted for statistical convenience only and follow those used by the
Statistics Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) of the United Nations.
The group “Major petroleum exporters” was revised in 2001. Yemen was included in the group, while Ecuador was removed. “Major petroleum
exporters” consists of all 11 OPEC member countries. In addition, nine non-OPEC countries are included on the basis of the following criteria: the
share of petroleum and petroleum products was not less than 40 percent of total exports, and exports of those products amounted to at least US$1
billion on average in the period 1997-1998.
The group “Major exporters of manufactures” was also reviewed in 2001 and includes 12 countries/territories (compared with 10 in Handbook
editions prior to 2001). The former Yugoslavia was left out, while China, India and the Philippines were added. “Major exporters of manufactures”
contains countries/territories included on the basis of the following criteria: the share of manufactured products was not less than 50 percent of
total exports, and exports of those products amounted to at least US$20 billion on average in the period 1997-1998.
THREE MAIN GROUPS OF COUNTRIES / TERRITORIES
Developed market economy countries / territories:___________________________________________________________________
In Europe : Austria; Belgium; Denmark; Faeroe Islands; Finland; France; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Iceland; Ireland; Italy; Luxembourg;
Malta; the Netherlands; Norway; Portugal; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; and the United Kingdom.
Countries in Eastern Europe:_______________________________________________________________________________________
Albania; Belarus; Bulgaria; Czech Republic; Estonia; Hungary; Latvia; Lithuania; Poland; Republic of Moldova; Romania; Russian Federation;
Slovakia; and Ukraine.
Developing countries / territories: __________________________________________________________________________________
All other countries and territories in Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania not specified above. For developing countries and territories,
the main regions have been further subdivided into subregions to provide additional information.
In addition, all developing countries have been classified, according to their per capita GDP in 1995, into three groupings: high-income,
middle-income and low-middle-income countries. For further reference, the groups of “Least developed countries” (LDCs), “Heavily indebted poor countries”
(HIPCs) and “Landlocked countries” are shown as memo items.
Trade groupings (e.g. ASEAN, EU, LAIA) are included in certain tables, which makes it possible to include groups that cut across regions, such as
CIS and APEC.
All groups are presented based on the latest information available in May 2002.
Argentina
Ecuador
Peru
Bolivia
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
Suriname
Brazil
French Guiana
Uruguay
Chile
Guyana
Venezuela
Colombia
Paraguay
Anguilla
Dominican Republic
Netherlands Antilles
Antigua and Barbuda
El Salvador
Nicaragua
Aruba
Greenland
Panama
Bahamas
Grenada
Puerto Rico
Barbados
Guadeloupe
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Belize
Guatemala
Saint Lucia
Bermuda
Haiti
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
British Virgin Islands
Honduras
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Cayman Islands
Jamaica
Trinidad and Tobago
Costa Rica
Martinique
Turks and Caicos Islands
Cuba
Mexico
United States Virgin Islands
Dominica
Montserrat
Algeria
Morocco
Western Sahara
Egypt
Sudan
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Tunisia
Angola
Ethiopia
Niger
Benin
Gabon
Nigeria
Botswana
Gambia
Reunion
British Indian Ocean Territory
Ghana
Rwanda
Burkina Faso
Guinea
Saint Helena
Burundi
Guinea-Bissau
Sao Tome and Principe
Cameroon
Kenya
Senegal
Cape Verde
Lesotho
Seychelles
Central African Republic
Liberia
Sierra Leone
Chad
Madagascar
Somalia
Comoros
Malawi
Swaziland
Congo
Mali
Togo
Côte d'Ivoire
Mauritania
Uganda
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mauritius
United Republic of Tanzania
Djibouti
Mayotte
Zambia
Equatorial Guinea
Mozambique
Zimbabwe
Eritrea
Namibia
Bahrain
Kuwait
Saudi Arabia
Cyprus
Lebanon
Syrian Arab Republic
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Palestinian territory
Turkey
Iraq
Oman
United Arab Emirates
Jordan
Qatar
Yemen
Armenia
Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan
Azerbaijan
Kyrgyzstan
Uzbekistan
Georgia
Tajikistan
DISTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES / TERRITORIES BY REGION
A m e r i c a 49
South America 14_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Other America 35_____________________________________________________________________________________________
A f r i c a 57
North Africa 7________________________________________________________________________________________________
Other Africa 50_______________________________________________________________________________________________
A s i a 49
West Asia 15________________________________________________________________________________________________
Afghanistan
East Timor
Myanmar
Bangladesh
India
Nepal
Bhutan
Indonesia
Pakistan
Brunei Darussalam
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
Philippines
Cambodia
Korea, Republic of
Singapore
China
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Sri Lanka
China, Hong Kong SAR
Malaysia
Thailand
China, Macao SAR
Maldives
Viet Nam
China, Taiwan Province of
Mongolia
American Samoa
Micronesia, Federated States of
Samoa
Christmas Island
Midway Islands
Solomon Islands
Cocos Islands
Nauru
Tokelau
Cook Islands
New Caledonia
Tonga
Fiji
Niue
Tuvalu
French Polynesia
Norfolk Island
Vanuatu
Guam
Northern Mariana Islands
Wake Island
Johnston Island
Palau
Wallis and Futuna Islands
Kiribati
Papua New Guinea
Marshall Islands
Pitcairn
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Slovenia
Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of
Croatia
The former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia
Major exporters of
Algeria*
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya*
manufactures 12
Angola
Nigeria*
Brazil
Bahrain
Oman
China
Brunei Darussalam
Qatar*
China, Hong Kong SAR
Congo
Saudi Arabia*
China, Taiwan Province of
Gabon
Syrian Arab Republic
India
Indonesia*
Trinidad and Tobago
Korea, Republic of
Iran, Islamic Republic of*
United Arab Emirates*
Malaysia
Iraq*
Venezuela*
Mexico
Kuwait*
Yemen
Philippines
(* OPEC member country)
Singapore
Thailand
Turkey
All other developing countries / territories not listed among Major petroleum exporters or Major exporters of manufactures.
Other Asia 26________________________________________________________________________________________________
O c e a n i a 28
E u r o p e 5
DISTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES / TERRITORIES BY ECONOMIC GROUPING
A. DISTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES / TERRITORIES BY MAJOR CATEGORY
Major petroleum exporters 20___________________________________
American Samoa
China, Taiwan Province of
New Caledonia
Anguilla
Cook Islands
Oman
Antigua and Barbuda
Croatia
Palau
Argentina
Cyprus
Puerto Rico
Aruba
French Guiana
Qatar
Bahamas
French Polynesia
Reunion
Bahrain
Gabon
Republic of Korea
Barbados
Greenland
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Bermuda
Guadeloupe
Saudi Arabia
Brazil
Guam
Seychelles
British Virgin Islands
Kuwait
Singapore
Brunei Darussalam
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Slovenia
Cayman Islands
Malaysia
Trinidad and Tobago
Chile
Martinique
United Arab Emirates
China, Hong Kong SAR
Montserrat
United States Virgin Islands
China, Macao SAR
Netherlands Antilles
Uruguay
Algeria
Iraq
Pitcairn
Armenia
Jamaica
Saint Helena
Belize
Johnston Island
Saint Lucia
Bolivia
Jordan
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Botswana
Kazakhstan
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Cape Verde
Lebanon
Samoa
Christmas Island
Maldives
Solomon Islands
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Marshall Islands
Suriname
Colombia
Mauritius
Swaziland
Congo
Mexico
Syrian Arab Republic
Costa Rica
Micronesia, Federated States of
Thailand
Cuba
Midway Islands
The former Yugoslav Republic
Djibouti
Morocco
of Macedonia
Dominica
Namibia
Tokelau
Dominican Republic
Nauru
Tonga
East Timor
Niue
Tunisia
Ecuador
Norfolk Island
Turkey
Egypt
Northern Mariana Islands
Turkmenistan
El Salvador
Palestinian territory
Tuvalu
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
Panama
Vanuatu
Fiji
Papua New Guinea
Venezuela
Grenada
Paraguay
Wake Island
Guatemala
Peru
Wallis and Futuna Islands
Indonesia
Philippines
Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Afghanistan
Ghana
Nicaragua
Angola
Guinea
Niger
Azerbaijan
Guinea-Bissau
Nigeria
Bangladesh
Guyana
Pakistan
Benin
Haiti
Rwanda
Bhutan
Honduras
Sao Tome and Principe
Bosnia and Herzegovina
India
Senegal
British Indian Ocean Territory
Kenya
Sierra Leone
Burkina Faso
Kiribati
Somalia
Burundi
Korea, Democratic People's
Sri Lanka
Cambodia
Republic of
Sudan
Cameroon
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Central African Republic
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Togo
Chad
Lesotho
Turks and Caicos Islands
China
Liberia
Uganda
Comoros
Madagascar
United Republic of Tanzania
Côte d'Ivoire
Malawi
Uzbekistan
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mali
Viet Nam
Equatorial Guinea
Mauritania
Yemen
Eritrea
Mongolia
Zambia
Ethiopia
Mozambique
Zimbabwe
Gambia
Myanmar
Georgia
Nepal
B. DISTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES / TERRITORIES BY INCOME GROUP
1995 per capita GDP above US$4,000: High-income 48_____________________________________________________________
1995 per capita GDP between US$800 and US$4,000: Middle-income 72_____________________________________________
Afghanistan
Kazakhstan
Swaziland
Armenia
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Azerbaijan
Lao People's Democratic Republic
The former Yugoslav Republic
Bhutan
Lesotho
of Macedonia
Bolivia
Malawi
Turkmenistan
Botswana
Mali
Uganda
Burkina Faso
Mongolia
Uzbekistan
Burundi
Nepal
Zambia
Central African Republic
Niger
Zimbabwe
Chad
Paraguay
Ethiopia
Rwanda
Afghanistan
Gambia
Rwanda
Angola
Guinea
Samoa
Bangladesh
Guinea-Bissau
Sao Tome and Principe
Benin
Haiti
Senegal
Bhutan
Kiribati
Sierra Leone
Burkina Faso
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Solomon Islands
Burundi
Lesotho
Somalia
Cambodia
Liberia
Sudan
Cape Verde
Madagascar
Togo
Central African Republic
Malawi
Tuvalu
Chad
Maldives
Uganda
Comoros
Mali
United Republic of Tanzania
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mauritania
Vanuatu
Djibouti
Mozambique
Yemen
Equatorial Guinea
Myanmar
Zambia
Eritrea
Nepal
Ethiopia
Niger
Angola
Gambia
Nicaragua
Benin
Guinea
Niger
Bolivia
Guinea-Bissau
Rwanda
Burkina Faso
Guyana
Sao Tome and Principe
Burundi
Honduras
Senegal
Cameroon
Kenya
Sierra Leone
Central African Republic
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Somalia
Chad
Liberia
Sudan
Comoros
Madagascar
Togo
Congo
Malawi
Uganda
Côte d'Ivoire
Mali
United Republic of Tanzania
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mauritania
Viet Nam
Ethiopia
Mozambique
Yemen
Ghana
Myanmar
Zambia
C. OTHER GROUPINGS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES / TERRITORIES (MEMO ITEMS)
Landlocked countries 30______________________________________________________________________________________
Least developed countries (LDCs) 49__________________________________________________________________________
Baltic countries 3
EU 15 (European Union) 15
EU 28 (European Union and
Estonia
1991
Austria
1995
Accession countries) 28
Latvia
1991
Belgium
1957
15 EU countries
Lithuania
1991
Denmark
1973
Bulgaria
Finland
1995
Cyprus
EFTA (European Free Trade
France
1957
Czech Republic
Association) 3
Germany
1957
Estonia
Iceland
1960
Greece
1981
Hungary
Norway
1960
Ireland
1973
Latvia
Switzerland
1960
Italy
1957
Lithuania
Luxembourg
1957
Malta
Euro Zone (of EU) 12
Netherlands
1957
Poland
Austria
2002
Portugal
1986
Romania
Belgium
2002
Spain
1986
Slovakia
Finland
2002
Sweden
1995
Slovenia
France
2002
United Kingdom
1973
Turkey
Germany
2002
Greece
2002
Ireland
2002
Italy
2002
Luxembourg
2002
Netherlands
2002
Portugal
2002
Spain
2002
Andean Group (ANCOM) 5
FTAA (Free Trade Area of
LAIA (Latin American
Bolivia
1996
the Americas) 34
Integration Association) 12
Colombia
1996
Antigua and Barbuda
1994
Argentina
1980
Ecuador
1996
Argentina
1994
Bolivia
1980
Peru
1996
Bahamas
1994
Brazil
1980
Venezuela
1996
Barbados
1994
Chile
1980
Belize
1994
Colombia
1980
CACM (Central American
Bolivia
1994
Cuba
1999
Common Market) 5
Brazil
1994
Ecuador
1980
Costa Rica
1962
Canada
1994
Mexico
1980
El Salvador
1961
Chile
1994
Paraguay
1980
Guatemala
1961
Colombia
1994
Peru
1980
Honduras
1961
Costa Rica
1994
Uruguay
1980
Nicaragua
1961
Dominica
1994
Venezuela
1980
Dominican Republic
1994
CARICOM (Caribbean
Ecuador
1994
MERCOSUR (Southern Common
Community) 14
El Salvador
1994
Market) 4
Antigua and Barbuda
1974
Grenada
1994
Argentina
1994
Bahamas
1983
Guatemala
1994
Brazil
1994
Barbados
1973
Guyana
1994
Paraguay
1994
Belize
1974
Haiti
1994
Uruguay
1994
Dominica
1974
Honduras
1994
Grenada
1974
Jamaica
1994
OECS (Organization of Eastern
Guyana
1973
Mexico
1994
Caribbean States) 9
Jamaica
1973
Nicaragua
1994
Anguilla
1995
Montserrat
1974
Panama
1994
Antigua and Barbuda
1981
Saint Kitts and Nevis
1974
Paraguay
1994
British Virgin Islands
1984
Saint Lucia
1974
Peru
1994
Dominica
1981
Saint Vincent and
Saint Kitts and Nevis
1994
Grenada
1981
the Grenadines
1974
Saint Lucia
1994
Montserrat
1981
Suriname
1995
Saint Vincent and
Saint Kitts and Nevis
1981
Trinidad and Tobago
1973
the Grenadines
1994
Saint Lucia
1981
Suriname
1994
Saint Vincent and
NAFTA (North American Free
Trinidad and Tobago
1994
the Grenadines
1981
Trade Agreement) 3
United States of America
1994
Canada
1992
Uruguay
1994
Mexico
1992
Venezuela
1994
United States of America
1992
DISTRIBUTION OF COUTRIES / TERRITORIES BY TRADE BLOC
A m e r i c a
Group Year of accession Group Year of accession Group Year of accession
E u r o p e
CEPGL (Economic Community of
ECOWAS (Economic Community
ECCAS (Economic Community of
the Great Lakes Countries) 3
of West African States) 15
Central African States) 11
Burundi
1976
Benin
1975
Angola
1983
Democratic Republic of
Burkina Faso
1975
Burundi
1983
the Congo
1976
Cape Verde
1975
Cameroon
1983
Rwanda
1976
Côte d'Ivoire
1975
Central African Republic
1983
Gambia
1975
Chad
1983
COMESA (Common Market for
Ghana
1975
Congo
1983
Eastern and Southern Africa) 20
Guinea
1975
Democratic Republic of
Angola
1994
Guinea-Bissau
1975
the Congo
1983
Burundi
1994
Liberia
1975
Equatorial Guinea
1983
Comoros
1994
Mali
1975
Gabon
1983
Democratic Republic of
Niger
1975
Rwanda
1983
the Congo
1994
Nigeria
1975
Sao Tome and Principe
1983
Djibouti
1994
Senegal
1975
Egypt
1994
Sierra Leone
1975
MRU (Mano River Union) 3
Eritrea
1994
Togo
1975
Guinea
1973
Ethiopia
1994
Liberia
1973
Kenya
1994
SADC (Southern African
Sierra Leone
1973
Madagascar
1994
Development Community) 14
Malawi
1994
Angola
1992
CEMAC (Economic and Monetary
Mauritius
1994
Botswana
1992
Community of Central Africa) 6
Namibia
1994
Democratic Republic of
Cameroon
1994
Rwanda
1994
the Congo
1992
Central African Republic
1994
Seychelles
1994
Lesotho
1992
Chad
1994
Sudan
1994
Malawi
1992
Congo
1994
Swaziland
1994
Mauritius
1992
Equatorial Guinea
1994
Uganda
1994
Mozambique
1992
Gabon
1994
Zambia
1994
Namibia
1992
Zimbabwe
1994
Seychelles
1992
UEMOA (West African Economic
South Africa
1994
and Monetary Union) 8
UMA (Arab Maghreb Union) 5
Swaziland
1992
Benin
1994
Algeria
1989
United Republic of Tanzania
1992
Burkina Faso
1994
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
1989
Zambia
1992
Côte d'Ivoire
1994
Mauritania
1989
Zimbabwe
1992
Guinea-Bissau
1994
Morocco
1989
Mali
1994
Tunisia
1989
Niger
1994
Senegal
1994
Togo
1994
ASEAN (Association of
Bangkok Agreement 6
MSG (Melanesia Spearhead
South-East Asian Nations) 10
Bangladesh
1975
Group) 5
Brunei Darussalam
1967
China
2001
Solomon Islands
1994
Cambodia
1967
India
1975
Fiji
1994
Indonesia
1967
Lao People's Democratic
Vanuatu
1994
Lao People’s Democratic
Republic
1975
Papua New Guinea
1994
Republic
1967
Republic of Korea
1975
New Caledonia
1994
Malaysia
1967
Sri Lanka
1975
Myanmar
1967
SAARC (South Asian Association
Philippines
1967
ECO (Economic Cooperation
for Regional Cooperation) 7
Singapore
1967
Organization) 10
Bangladesh
1985
Thailand
1967
Afghanistan
1992
Bhutan
1985
Viet Nam
1967
Azerbaijan
1992
India
1985
Iran, Islamic Republic of
1985
Maldives
1985
GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) 6
Kazakhstan
1992
Nepal
1985
Bahrain
1981
Kyrgyzstan
1992
Pakistan
1985
Kuwait
1981
Pakistan
1985
Sri Lanka
1985
Oman
1981
Tajikistan
1992
Qatar
1981
Turkey
1985
Saudi Arabia
1981
Turkmenistan
1992
United Arab Emirates
1981
Uzbekistan
1992
A s i a
Group Year of accession Group Year of accession Group Year of accession
