ð21Þ
ð21Þ
QW-218.3 When chemical analysis of the weld depos- it for any elements is required, a chemical analysis shall be performed perQW-216.2(d)for those elements.
QW-219 FLASH WELDING
Flash welding shall be limited to automatic electrical resistance flash welding. Procedure qualification tests shall be conducted in accordance withQW-199.1.
QW-219.1 Tolerances on Variables. Flash welding
QW-251.4 Special Processes.
(a) The special process essential variables for corrosion‐resistant and hard‐surfacing weld metal over- lays are as indicated in the following tables for the speci- fied process. Only the variables specified for special processes shall apply. A change in the corrosion‐resistant or hard‐surfacing welding process shall require requalification.
(b) WPS qualified for corrosion‐resistant and hard‐ surfacing overlay welding, in accordance with other Sec- tions when such qualification rules were included in those Sections, may be used with the same provisions as pro- vided inQG-101.
ASME BPVC.IX-2021
36
Table QW-252
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Oxyfuel Gas Welding (OFW)
Paragraph Brief of Variables Essential
Supplementary
Essential Nonessential
QW-402 Joints
.1 ϕ Groove design X
.2 ± Backing X
.3 ϕ Backing comp. X
.10 ϕ Root spacing X
QW-403 Base Metals
.1 ϕ P‐Number X
.2 Max.TQualified X
QW-404 Filler Metals
.3 ϕ Size X
.4 ϕ F‐Number X
.5 ϕ A‐Number X
.12 ϕ Classification X
QW-405 Positions
.1 + Position X
QW-406 Preheat
.1 Decrease > 100°F (55°C) X
QW-407 PWHT
.1 ϕ PWHT X
QW-408 Gas
.7 ϕ Type fuel gas X
QW-410 Technique
.1 ϕ String or weave X
.2 ϕ Flame characteristics X
.4 ϕ Technique X
.5 ϕ Method cleaning X
.26 ± Peening X
.64 Use of thermal processes X
Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
Table QW-252.1
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Oxyfuel Gas Welding (OFW)
Paragraph
Special Process Essential Variables
Hard‐Facing Spray Fuse (QW-216) Hard‐Facing Overlay
(QW-216)
Corrosion‐Resistant Overlay (QW-214) QW-402
Joint
.16 < Finishedt
.17 > Finishedt
QW-403 Base Metals
.20 ϕ P‐Number ϕ P‐Number
.23 ϕ TQualified ϕ TQualified ϕ TQualified
QW-404 Filler Metals
.12 ϕ Classification ϕ Classification
.42 > 5% Particle size range
.46 ϕ Powder feed rate
QW-405
Positions .4 + Position + Position
QW-406 Preheat
.4 Dec. > 100°F (55°C) preheat
> Interpass
Dec. > 100°F (55°C) preheat
> Interpass
.5 ϕ Preheat maint.
QW-407 PWHT
.6 ϕ PWHT ϕ PWHT
.7 ϕ PWHT after fusing
QW-408 Gas
.7 ϕ Type of fuel gas .14 ϕ Oxyfuel gas pressure
.16 ϕ > 5% Gas feed rate
.19 ϕ Plasma or feed gas comp.
QW-410 Technique
.38 ϕ Multiple to single layer ϕ Multiple to single layer
.39 ϕ Torch type, tip sizer
.44 ϕ > 15% Torch to workpiece
.45 ϕ Surface prep.
.46 ϕ Spray torch
.47 ϕ > 10% Fusing temp. or
method Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
ASME BPVC.IX-2021
38
ð21Þ
Table QW-253
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Shielded Metal-Arc Welding (SMAW)
Paragraph Brief of Variables Essential Supplementary Essential Nonessential
QW-402 Joints
.1 ϕ Groove design X
.4 − Backing X
.10 ϕ Root spacing X
.11 ± Retainers X
QW-403 Base Metals
.5 ϕ Group Number X
.6 TLimits toughness X
.8 ϕ TQualified X
.9 tPass >1/2in. (13 mm) X
.11 ϕ P‐No. qualified X
QW-404 Filler Metals
.4 ϕ F‐Number X
.5 ϕ A‐Number X
.6 ϕ Diameter X
.12 ϕ Classification X
.30 ϕ t X
.33 ϕ Classification X
QW-405 Positions
.1 + Position X
.3 ϕ ↑↓Vertical welding X
QW-406 Preheat
.1 Decrease > 100°F (55°C) X
.2 ϕ Preheat maint. X
.3 Increase > 100°F (55°C) (IP) X
QW-407 PWHT
.1 ϕ PWHT X
.2 ϕ PWHT (T & T range) X
QW-409 Electrical Characteristics
.1 > Heat input X
.4 ϕ Current or polarity X X
.8 ϕ I & E range X
QW-410 Technique
.1 ϕ String or weave X
.5 ϕ Method cleaning X
.6 ϕ Method back gouge X
.9 ϕ Multiple to single pass/side X X
.25 ϕ Manual or automatic X
.26 ± Peening X
.64 Use of thermal processes X
Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
Table QW-253.1
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) —Shielded Metal-Arc Welding (SMAW)
Special Process Variables
Paragraph
Essential Variables
Nonessential Variables for HFO and CRO Hard‐Facing Overlay (HFO)
(QW-216)
Corrosion‐Resistant Overlay (CRO) (QW-214) QW-402
Joints .16 < Finishedt < Finishedt
QW-403 Base Metals
.20 ϕ P‐Number ϕ P‐Number
.23 ϕ TQualified ϕ TQualified
QW-404 Filler Metals
.12 ϕ Classification
.37 ϕ A‐Number
.38 ϕ Diameter (1st layer)
QW-405
Positions .4 + Position + Position
QW-406
Preheat .4 Dec. > 100°F (55°C) preheat
> Interpass
Dec. > 100°F (55°C) preheat
> Interpass QW-407
PWHT
.6 ϕ PWHT
.9 ϕ PWHT
QW-409 Electrical Characteristics
.4 ϕ Current or polarity ϕ Current or polarity
.8 ϕ I & E range
.22 Inc. > 10% 1st layer Inc. > 10% 1st layer
QW-410 Technique
.1 ϕ String or weave
.5 ϕ Method of cleaning
.26 ± Peening
.38 ϕ Multiple to single layer ϕ Multiple to single layer Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
ASME BPVC.IX-2021
40
Table QW-254
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Submerged-Arc Welding (SAW)
Paragraph Brief of Variables Essential
Supplementary
Essential Nonessential QW-402
Joints
.1 ϕ Groove design X
.4 − Backing X
.10 ϕ Root spacing X
.11 ± Retainers X
QW-403 Base Metals
.5 ϕ Group Number X
.6 TLimits X
.8 ϕ TQualified X
.9 tPass1/2in. (13 mm) X
.11 ϕ P‐No. qualified X
QW-404 Filler Metals
.4 ϕ F‐Number X
.5 ϕ A‐Number X
.6 ϕ Diameter X
.9 ϕ Flux-wire class. X
.10 ϕ Alloy flux X
.24 ± orϕSupplemental X
.27 ϕ Alloy elements X
.29 ϕ Flux designation X
.30 ϕ t X
.33 ϕ Classification X
.34 ϕ Flux type X
.35 ϕ Flux-wire class. X X
.36 Recrushed slag X
QW-405 Positions
.1 + Position X
QW-406 Preheat
.1 Decrease > 100°F (55°C) X
.2 ϕ Preheat maint. X
.3 Increase > 100°F (55°C) (IP) X
QW-407 PWHT
.1 ϕ PWHT X
.2 ϕ PWHT (T & T range) X
QW-409 Electrical Characteristics
.1 > Heat input X
.4 ϕ Current or polarity X X
.8 ϕ I & E range X
QW-410 Technique
.1 ϕ String or weave X
.5 ϕ Method cleaning X
.6 ϕ Method back gouge X
.7 ϕ Oscillation X
.8 ϕ Tube‐work distance X
.9 ϕ Multi to single pass per side X X
.10 ϕ Single to multi electrodes X X
.15 ϕ Electrode spacing X
.25 ϕ Manual or automatic X
.26 ± Peening X
.64 Use of thermal processes X
Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
Table QW-254.1
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Submerged-Arc Welding (SAW)
Special Process Variables
Paragraph
Essential Variables
Nonessential Variables for HFO and CRO Hard‐Facing Overlay (HFO)
(QW-216)
Corrosion‐Resistant Overlay (CRO) (QW-214) QW-402
Joints .16 < Finishedt < Finishedt
QW-403 Base Metals
.20 ϕ P‐Number ϕ P‐Number
.23 ϕ TQualified ϕ TQualified
QW-404 Filler Metals
.6 ϕ Nominal size of
electrode .12 ϕ Classification
.24 ± orϕ> 10% in supplemental filler metal
± orϕ> 10% in supplemental filler metal
.27 ϕ Alloy elements
.37 ϕ A‐Number
.39 ϕ Nominal flux comp. ϕ Nominal flux comp.
.57 > Strip thickness or width > Strip thickness or width QW-405
Positions .4 + Position + Position
QW-406
Preheat .4 Dec. > 100°F (55°C)
preheat > Interpass
Dec. > 100°F (55°C) preheat > Interpass QW-407
PWHT
.6 ϕ PWHT
.9 ϕ PWHT
QW-409 Electrical Characteristics
.4 ϕ Current or polarity ϕ Current or polarity
.8 ϕ I & E range
.26 1st layer—Heat input > 10% 1st layer—Heat input > 10%
QW-410 Technique
.1 ϕ String or weave
.5 ϕ Method of cleaning
.7 ϕ Oscillation
.8 ϕ Tube to work distance
.15 ϕ Electrode spacing
.25 ϕ Manual or automatic
.26 ± Peening
.38 ϕ Multiple to single layer ϕ Multiple to single layer
.40 − Supplemental device
.50 ϕ No. of electrodes ϕ No. of electrodes Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
ASME BPVC.IX-2021
42
ð21Þ
Table QW-255
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) —Gas Metal-Arc Welding (GMAW and FCAW)
Paragraph Brief of Variables Essential
Supplementary
Essential Nonessential
QW-402 Joints
.1 ϕ Groove design X
.4 − Backing X
.10 ϕ Root spacing X
.11 ± Retainers X
QW-403 Base Metals
.5 ϕ Group Number X
.6 TLimits X
.8 ϕ TQualified X
.9 tPass >1/2in. (13 mm) X
.11 ϕ P‐No. qualified X
QW-404 Filler Metals
.4 ϕ F‐Number X
.5 ϕ A‐Number X
.6 ϕ Diameter X
.12 ϕ Classification X
.23 ϕ Filler metal product form X
.24 ± orϕSupplemental X
.27 ϕ Alloy elements X
.30 ϕ t X
.33 ϕ Classification X
QW-405 Positions
.1 + Position X
.3 ϕ ↑ ↓Vertical welding X
QW-406 Preheat
.1 Decrease > 100°F (55°C) X
.2 ϕ Preheat maint. X
.3 Increase > 100°F (55°C) (IP) X
QW-407 PWHT
.1 ϕ PWHT X
.2 ϕ PWHT (T & T range) X
QW-408 Gas
.1 ± Trail orϕcomp. X
.2 ϕ Single, mixture, or % X
.3 ϕ Flow rate X
.5 ± orϕBacking flow X
.9 − Backing orϕcomp. X
.10 − Trail orϕcomp. X
QW-409 Electrical Characteristics
.1 > Heat input X
.2 ϕ Transfer mode X
.4 ϕ Current or polarity X X
.8 ϕ I & E range X
Table QW-255
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Gas Metal-Arc Welding (GMAW and FCAW) (Cont'd)
Paragraph Brief of Variables Essential
Supplementary
Essential Nonessential
QW-410 Technique
.1 ϕ String or weave X
.3 ϕ Orifice, cup, or nozzle size X
.5 ϕ Method cleaning X
.6 ϕ Method back gouge X
.7 ϕ Oscillation X
.8 ϕ Tube‐work distance X
.9 ϕ Multiple to single pass per side X X
.10 ϕ Single to multiple electrodes X X
.15 ϕ Electrode spacing X
.25 ϕ Manual or automatic X
.26 ± Peening X
.64 Use of thermal processes X
Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
ASME BPVC.IX-2021
44
Table QW-255.1
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) —Gas Metal-Arc Welding (GMAW and FCAW)
Special Process Variables
Paragraph
Essential Variables
Nonessential Variables for HFO and CRO Hard‐Facing Overlay (HFO)
(QW-216)
Corrosion‐Resistant Overlay (CRO) (QW-214) QW-402
Joints
.16 < Finishedt < Finishedt
QW-403 Base Metals
.20 ϕ P‐Number ϕ P‐Number
.23 ϕ TQualified ϕ TQualified
QW-404 Filler Metals
.6 ϕ Nominal size of
electrode .12 ϕ Classification
.23 ϕ Filler metal product form ϕ Filler metal product form .24 ± orϕ> 10% in supplemental
filler metal
± orϕ> 10% in supplemental filler metal
.27 ϕ Alloy elements
.37 ϕ A‐Number
QW-405 Positions
.4 + Position + Position
QW-406 Preheat
.4 Dec. > 100°F (55°C) preheat
> Interpass
Dec. > 100°F (55°C) preheat
> Interpass QW-407
PWHT
.6 ϕ PWHT
.9 ϕ PWHT
QW-408 Gas
.2 ϕ Single, mixture, or % ϕ Single, mixture, or %
.3 ϕ Flow rate
QW-409 Electrical Characteristics
.4 ϕ Current or polarity ϕ Current or polarity
.8 ϕ I & E range
.26 1st layer—Heat input
> 10%
1st layer—Heat input
> 10%
QW-410 Technique
.1 ϕ String or weave
.3 ϕ Orifice, cup, or nozzle
size
.5 ϕ Method of cleaning
.7 ϕ Oscillation
.8 ϕ Tube to work distance
.25 ϕ Manual or automatic
.26 ± Peening
.38 ϕ Multiple to single layer ϕ Multiple to single layer .50 ϕ No. of electrodes ϕ No. of electrodes Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
Table QW-256
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Gas Tungsten-Arc Welding (GTAW)
Paragraph Brief of Variables Essential
Supplementary
Essential Nonessential QW-402
Joints
.1 ϕ Groove design X
.5 + Backing X
.10 ϕ Root spacing X
.11 ± Retainers X
QW-403 Base Metals
.5 ϕ Group Number X
.6 TLimits X
.8 TQualified X
.11 ϕ P‐No. qualified X
QW-404 Filler Metals
.3 ϕ Size X
.4 ϕ F‐Number X
.5 ϕ A‐Number X
.12 ϕ Classification X
.14 ± Filler X
.22 ± Consum. insert X
.23 ϕ Filler metal product form X
.30 ϕ t X
.33 ϕ Classification X
.50 ± Flux X
QW-405 Positions
.1 + Position X
.3 ϕ ↑↓Vertical welding X
QW-406 Preheat
.1 Decrease > 100°F (55°C) X
.3 Increase > 100°F (55°C) (IP) X
QW-407 PWHT
.1 ϕ PWHT X
.2 ϕ PWHT (T &T range) X
QW-408 Gas
.1 ± Trail orϕcomp. X
.2 ϕ Single, mixture, or % X
.3 ϕ Flow rate X
.5 ± orϕBacking flow X
.9 − Backing orϕcomp. X
.10 − Trail orϕcomp. X
QW-409 Electrical Characteris- tics
.1 > Heat input X
.3 ± Pulsing I X
.4 ϕ Current or polarity X X
.8 ϕ I & E range X
.12 ϕ Tungsten electrode X
ASME BPVC.IX-2021
46
Table QW-256
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Gas Tungsten-Arc Welding (GTAW) (Cont'd)
Paragraph Brief of Variables Essential
Supplementary
Essential Nonessential
QW-410 Technique
.1 ϕ String or weave X
.3 ϕ Orifice, cup, or nozzle size X
.5 ϕ Method cleaning X
.6 ϕ Method back gouge X
.7 ϕ Oscillation X
.9 ϕ Multi to single pass per side X X
.10 ϕ Single to multi electrodes X X
.11 ϕ Closed to out chamber X
.15 ϕ Electrode spacing X
.25 ϕ Manual or automatic X
.26 ± Peening X
.64 Use of thermal processes X
Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
Table QW-256.1
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Gas Tungsten-Arc Welding (GTAW)
Special Process Variables
Paragraph
Essential Variables
Nonessential Variables for HFO and CRO
Hard‐Facing Overlay (HFO) (QW-216)
Corrosion‐Resistant Overlay (CRO) (QW-214)
QW-402
Joints .16 < Finishedt < Finishedt
QW-403 Base Metals
.20 ϕ P‐Number ϕ P‐Number
.23 ϕ TQualified ϕ TQualified
QW-404 Filler Metals
.3 ϕ Wire size
.12 ϕ Classification
.14 ± Filler metal ± Filler metal
.23 ϕ Filler metal product form ϕ Filler metal product form
.37 ϕ A‐Number
QW-405
Positions .4 + Position + Position
QW-406
Preheat .4 Dec. > 100°F (55°C) preheat
> Interpass
Dec. > 100°F (55°C) preheat
> Interpass QW-407
PWHT
.6 ϕ PWHT
.9 ϕ PWHT
QW-408 Gas
.2 ϕ Single, mixture, or % ϕ Single, mixture, or %
.3 ϕ Flow rate
QW-409 Electrical Characteristics
.4 ϕ Current or polarity ϕ Current or polarity
.8 ϕ I & E range
.12 ϕ Tungsten electrode
.26 1st layer—Heat input > 10% 1st layer—Heat input > 10%
QW-410 Technique
.1 ϕ String or weave
.3 ϕ Orifice, cup, or nozzle size
.5 ϕ Method of cleaning
.7 ϕ Oscillation
.15 ϕ Electrode spacing
.25 ϕ Manual or automatic
.26 ± Peening
.38 ϕ Multiple to single layer ϕ Multiple to single layer
.50 ϕ No. of electrodes ϕ No. of electrodes
.52 ϕ Filler metal delivery
Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
ASME BPVC.IX-2021
48
ð21Þ
Table QW-257
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Plasma-Arc Welding (PAW)
Paragraph Brief of Variables Essential
Supplementary
Essential Nonessential
QW-402 Joints
.1 ϕ Groove design X
.5 + Backing X
.10 ϕ Root spacing X
.11 ± Retainers X
QW-403 Base Metals
.5 ϕ Group Number X
.6 TLimits X
.8 ϕ TQualified X
.12 ϕ P‐Number or melt‐in X
QW-404 Filler Metals
.3 ϕ Size X
.4 ϕ F‐Number X
.5 ϕ A‐Number X
.12 ϕ Classification X
.14 ± Filler metal X
.22 ± Consum. insert X
.23 ϕ Filler metal product form X
.27 ϕ Alloy elements X
.30 ϕ t X
.33 ϕ Classification X
QW-405 Positions
.1 + Position X
.3 ϕ ↑↓Vertical welding X
QW-406 Preheat
.1 Decrease > 100°F (55°C) X
.3 Increase > 100°F (55°C) (IP) X
QW-407 PWHT
.1 ϕ PWHT X
.2 ϕ PWHT (T & T range) X
QW-408 Gas
.1 ± Trail orϕcomp. X
.4 ϕ Composition X
.5 ± Orϕbacking flow X
.9 − Backing orϕcomp. X
.10 − Trail orϕcomp. X
.21 ϕ Flow rate X
QW-409 Electrical Characteristics
.1 > Heat input X
.4 ϕ Current or polarity X X
.8 ϕ I & E range X
.12 ϕ Tungsten electrode X
QW-410 Technique
.1 ϕ String or weave X
.3 ϕ Orifice, cup, or nozzle size X
.5 ϕ Method cleaning X
.6 ϕ Method back gouge X
.7 ϕ Oscillation X
.9 ϕ Multiple to single pass per side X X
.10 ϕ Single to multiple electrodes X X
.11 ϕ Closed to out chamber X
.15 ϕ Electrode spacing X
.26 ± Peening X
.64 Use of thermal processes X
Table QW-257
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Plasma-Arc Welding (PAW) (Cont'd)
Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
Table QW-257.1
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Plasma-Arc Welding (PAW)
Special Process Variables
Paragraph
Essential Variables Nonessential
Variables for HFO, CRO, and HFSF Hard‐Facing Overlay (HFO)
(QW-216)
Corrosion‐Resistant Overlay (CRO) (QW-214)
Hard‐Facing Spray Fuse (HFSF) (QW-216) QW-402
Joints
.16 < Finishedt < Finishedt
.17 > Finishedt
QW-403 Base Metals
.20 ϕ P‐Number ϕ P‐Number ϕ P‐Number
.23 ϕ TQualified ϕ TQualified
QW-404 Filler Metals
.12 ϕ Classification ϕ Classification
.14 ± Filler metal ± Filler metal
.23 ϕ Filler metal product form ϕ Filler metal product form
.37 ϕ A‐Number
.41 ϕ > 10% Powder feed rate ϕ > 10% Powder feed rate
.42 ϕ > 5% Particle size
.43 ϕ Particle size ϕ Particle size
.44 ϕ Powder type ϕ Powder type
.46 ϕ Powder feed rate
QW-405 Positions
.4 + Position + Position + Position
QW-406 Preheat
.4 Dec. > 100°F (55°C) preheat > Interpass
Dec. > 100°F (55°C) preheat > Interpass
Dec. > 100°F (55°C) preheat > Interpass
.5 ϕ Preheat maintenance
QW-407 PWHT
.6 ϕ PWHT ϕ PWHT
.7 ϕ PWHT after fusing
.9 ϕ PWHT
QW-408 Gas
.1 ± Trail orπcomp.
.16 ϕ > 5% Arc or metal feed gas ϕ > 5% Arc or metal feed gas ϕ > 5% Arc or metal feed gas .17 ϕ Type or mixture ϕ Type or mixture
.18 ϕ > 10% Mix. comp. ϕ > 10% Mix. comp.
.19 ϕ Plasma or feed gas comp.
.20 ϕ Plasma gas flow‐rate range
QW-409 Electrical Characteristics
.4 ϕ Current or polarity ϕ Current or polarity
.8 ϕ I & E range
.12 ϕ Type or size of electrode
.23 ϕ > 10% I & E
.24 ϕ > 10% Filler wire watt. ϕ > 10% Filler wire watt.
.25 ϕ > 10% I & E ϕ > 10% I & E ASME BPVC.IX-2021
50
Table QW-257.1
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Plasma-Arc Welding (PAW) (Cont'd)
Special Process Variables
Paragraph
Essential Variables Nonessential
Variables for HFO, CRO, and HFSF Hard‐Facing Overlay (HFO)
(QW-216)
Corrosion‐Resistant Overlay (CRO) (QW-214)
Hard‐Facing Spray Fuse (HFSF) (QW-216)
QW-410 Technique
.1 ϕ String or weave
(HFO and CRO only)
.3 ϕ Orifice, cup, or
nozzle size
.5 ϕ Method of
cleaning
.7 ϕ Oscillation
.25 ϕ Manual or
automatic
.26 ± Peening
.38 ϕ Multiple to single layer ϕ Multiple to single layer ϕ Multiple to single layer .41 ϕ > 15% Travel speed ϕ > 15% Travel speed
.43 ϕ > 10% Travel speed range
.44 ϕ > 15% Torch to workplace
.45 ϕ Surface preparation
.46 ϕ Spray torch
.47 ϕ > 10% Fusing temp. or
method
.48 ϕ Transfer mode ϕ Transfer mode ϕ Transfer mode
.49 ϕ Torch orifice diameter ϕ Torch orifice diameter .52 ϕ Filler metal del. ϕ Filler metal del.
Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
Table QW-258
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Electroslag Welding (ESW)
Paragraph Brief of Variables Essential
Supplementary
Essential Nonessential
QW-402 Joints
.1 ϕ Groove design X
.10 ϕ Root spacing X
.11 ± Retainers X
QW-403 Base Metals
.1 ϕ P‐Number X
.4 ϕ Group Number X
.9 tPass >1/2in. (13 mm) X
QW-404 Filler Metals
.4 ϕ F‐Number X
.5 ϕ A‐Number X
.6 ϕ Diameter X
.12 ϕ Classification X
.17 ϕ Flux type or comp. X
.18 ϕ Wire to plate X
.19 ϕ Consum. guide X
.33 ϕ Classification X
QW-407 PWHT
.1 ϕ PWHT X
.2 ϕ PWHT (T & T range) X
QW-409 Electrical Characteristics
.5 ϕ ± 15% I & E range X
QW-410 Technique
.5 ϕ Method cleaning X
.7 ϕ Oscillation X
.10 ϕ Single to multiple electrodes X
.15 ϕ Electrode spacing X
.26 ± Peening X
.64 Use of thermal processes X
Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
ASME BPVC.IX-2021
52
Table QW-258.1
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Electroslag Welding (ESW)
Special Process Variables
Paragraph
Essential Variables
Nonessential Variables for HFO and CRO
Hard‐Facing Overlay (HFO) (QW-216)
Corrosion‐Resistant Overlay (CRO) (QW-214)
QW-402 Joints
.16 < Finishedt < Finishedt
QW-403 Base Metals
.20 ϕ P‐Number ϕ P‐Number
.23 ϕ TQualified ϕ TQualified
QW-404 Filler Metals
.6 ϕ Nominal size of electrode
.12 ϕ Classification
.24 ± orϕ> 10% in supplemental filler metal
± orϕ> 10% in supplemental filler metal
.37 ϕ A‐Number
.39 ϕ Nominal flux comp. ϕ Nominal flux comp.
.57 > Strip thickness or width > Strip thickness or width QW-406
Preheat
.4 Dec. > 100°F (55°C) preheat
> Interpass
Dec. > 100°F (55°C) preheat
> Interpass QW-407
PWHT
.6 ϕ PWHT
.9 ϕ PWHT
QW-409 Electrical Characteristics
.4 ϕ Current or polarity ϕ Current or polarity
.8 ϕ I & E range
.26 1st layer—Heat input > 10% 1st layer—Heat input > 10%
QW-410 Technique
.5 ϕ Method of cleaning
.7 ϕ Oscillation (CRO only)
.38 ϕ Multiple to single layer ϕ Multiple to single layer .40 − Supplemental device − Supplemental device
.50 ϕ No. of electrodes ϕ No. of electrodes
Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
Table QW-259
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Electrogas Welding (EGW)
Paragraph Brief of Variables Essential
Supplementary
Essential Nonessential
QW-402 Joints
.1 ϕ Groove design X
.10 ϕ Root spacing X
.11 ± Retainers X
QW-403 Base Metals
.1 ϕ P‐Number X
.5 ϕ Group Number X
.6 TLimits X
.8 ϕ TQualified X
.9 tPass >1/2in. (13 mm) X
QW-404 Filler Metals
.4 ϕ F‐Number X
.5 ϕ A‐Number X
.6 ϕ Diameter X
.12 ϕ Classification X
.23 ϕ Filler metal product form X
.33 ϕ Classification X
QW-406
Preheat .1 Decrease > 100°F (55°C) X
QW-407 PWHT
.1 ϕ PWHT X
.2 ϕ PWHT (T & T range) X
QW-408 Gas
.2 ϕ Single, mixture, or % X
.3 ϕ Flow rate X
QW-409 Electrical Characteristics
.1 > Heat input X
.4 ϕ Current or polarity X X
.8 ϕ I & E range X
QW-410 Technique
.5 ϕ Method cleaning X
.7 ϕ Oscillation X
.8 ϕ Tube‐work distance X
.9 ϕ Multiple to single pass per side X X
.10 ϕ Single to multiple electrodes X
.15 ϕ Electrode spacing X
.26 ± Peening X
.64 Use of thermal processes X
Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
GENERAL NOTE: Automated vertical gas metal‐arc welding for vertical position only.
ASME BPVC.IX-2021
54
Table QW-260
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Electron Beam Welding (EBW)
Paragraph Brief of Variables Essential
Supplementary
Essential Nonessential
QW-402 Joints
.1 ϕ Groove design X
.2 − Backing X
.6 > Fit‐up gap X
QW-403 Base Metals
.1 ϕ P‐Number X
.3 ϕ Penetration X
.15 ϕ P‐Number X
QW-404 Filler Metals
.1 ϕ Cross section or speed X
.2 < torϕcomp. X
.8 ± orϕChem. comp. X
.14 ± Filler X
.20 ϕ Method of addition X
.21 ϕ Analysis X
.33 ϕ Classification X
QW-406 Preheat
.1 Decrease > 100°F (55°C) X
QW-407 PWHT
.1 ϕ PWHT X
QW-408 Gas
.6 ϕ Environment X
QW-409 Electrical Characteristics
.6 ϕ I, E, speed, distance, osc. X
.7 ϕ Pulsing frequency X
QW-410 Technique
.5 ϕ Method cleaning X
.7 ϕ Oscillation X
.14 ϕ Angle of beam axis X
.17 ϕ Type equip. X
.18 > Pressure of vacuum X
.19 ϕ Filament type, size, etc. X
.20 + Wash pass X
.21 1 vs. 2 side welding X
.64 Use of thermal processes X
Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
Table QW-261
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Stud Welding
Paragraph Brief of Variables Essential
Supplementary
Essential Nonessential QW-402
Joints
.8 ϕ Stud shape size X
.9 − Flux or ferrule X
QW-403 Base Metal
.17 ϕ Base metal or stud metal P‐No. X
QW-405 Positions
.1 + Position X
QW-406 Preheat
.1 Decrease > 100°F (55°C) X
QW-407 PWHT
.1 ϕ PWHT X
QW-408 Gas
.2 ϕ Single, mixture, or % X
QW-409 Electrical Characteristics
.4 ϕ Current or polarity X
.9 ϕ Arc timing X
.10 ϕ Amperage X
.11 ϕ Power source X
QW-410 Technique
.22 ϕ Gun model or lift X
.64 Use of thermal processes X
Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
ASME BPVC.IX-2021
56
Table QW-262
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Inertia and Continuous Drive Friction Welding
Paragraph Brief of Variables Essential
Supplementary
Essential Nonessential
QW-402 Joints
.12 ϕ ± 10 deg X
ϕ Cross section > 10% X
ϕ O.D. > ± 10% X
ϕ Solid‐to‐tube X
QW-403 Base Metals
.19 ϕ Base metal X
QW-406 Preheat
.1 ϕ Decrease > 100°F (55°C) X
QW-407 PWHT
.1 ϕ PWHT X
QW-408 Gas
.6 ϕ Environment X
QW-410 Technique
.27 ϕ Spp. > ± 10% X
.28 ϕ Load > ± 10% X
.29 ϕ Energy > ± 10% X
.30 ϕ Upset > ± 10% X
.64 Use of thermal processes X
Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
Table QW-263
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) —Resistance Welding
Paragraph Brief of Variables Essential Nonessential
QW-402 Joints
.13 ϕ Spot, projection, seam X
.14 ϕ Overlap, spacing X
.15 ϕ Projection, shape, size X
QW-403 Base Metals
.1 ϕ P‐No. X
.21 ± Coating, plating X
.22 ± T X
QW-407 PWHT
.1 ϕ PWHT X
QW-408 Gas
.23 − Gases X
QW-409 Electrical
.13 ϕ RWMA class X
.14 ± ϕSlope X
.15 ϕ Pressure, current, time X
.17 ϕ Power supply X
.18 Tip cleaning X
QW-410 Technique
.31 ϕ Cleaning method X
.32 ϕ Pressure, time X
.33 ϕ Equipment X
.34 ϕ Cooling medium X
.35 ϕ Throat X
.64 Use of thermal processes X
Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand
ASME BPVC.IX-2021
58
ð21Þ
Table QW-264
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)—Laser Beam Welding (LBW)
Paragraph Brief of Variables Essential
Supplementary
Essential Nonessential
QW-402 Joints
.2 ± Backing X
.6 > Fit‐up gap X
.18 ϕ Lap joint config. X
.25 ϕ Lap to groove X
.26 < Bevel angle > 5 deg X
QW-403 Base Metals
.1 ϕ P‐Number X
.3 ϕ Penetration X
QW-404 Filler Metals
.1 ϕ Cross section or speed X
.2 < torϕcomp. X
.4 ϕ F-No. X
.5 ϕ A-No. X
.8 ± orϕchem. comp. X
.14 ± Filler metal X
.20 ϕ Method of addition X
QW-406 Preheat
.1 Decrease > 100°F (55°C) X
QW-407 PWHT
.1 ϕ PWHT X
QW-408 Gas
.2 ϕ Single, mixture, or % X
.6 ϕ Environment X
.11 ± Gases X
.12 Decrease > 10% flow rate X
QW-409 Electrical Characteristics
.19 ϕ Pulse X
.20 ϕ Mode, energy X
.21 Decrease in power X
QW-410 Technique
.5 ϕ Method cleaning X
.14 ϕ Angle of beam axis X
.20 + Wash pass X
.21 1 vs. 2 side welding X
.37 ϕ Single to multiple pass X
.64 Use of thermal processes X
.66 ϕ Travel, Beam factors X
.67 ϕ Optical technique X
.68 ϕ Type of equipment X
.77 ϕ Wavelength X
.80 ϕ Spot size X
.86 ϕ Oscillation X
Legend:
+ Addition > Increase or greater than ↑ Uphill ← Forehand ϕ Change
− Deletion < Decrease or less than ↓ Downhill → Backhand