The 27th International Geography Congress, to be held in August 1992, will provide an ideal opportunity to summarize the work of Spanish geographers over the past twenty years. With this goal in mind, the Association of Spanish Geographers and the Royal Geographical Society, through the Spanish Committee of the International Geographical Union, took the decision to publish a collective work as a contribution of Spanish Geography to Congress.
PART ONE
THE ORGANIZATION
OF ACADEMIC A PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHY
THE GEOGRAPHICAL INSTITUTIONS
GEOGRAPHICAL EDUCATION
- GEOGRAPHY TEACHING I N SPANISH UNIVERSITIES
LÓPEZ-ONTIVEROS
- THE NEW CURRICULA AND TEACHING IN SPANISH UNIVERSITIES
Geography of Spain', 'General' or 'Regional', which is taught almost everywhere, and 'Geography of the Region'. Geography of Spain", Geography of the EEC" and various parts of Physical Geography and Human Geography ("Geomorphology", "Climatology", "Urban Geography", "Rural Geography" and "Population Geography", which did not appear in the proposal of Group XIV).
HERNANDO
Each center, and not the state Ministry of Education - as it was before - gives the diploma in question. Despite the synthetic nature of many subjects taught, there are still few publications in Spanish within the student field.
THE GEOGRAPHY CURRICULUM PASSED
THE GEOGRAPHY I N PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
CRESPO-REDONDO E. FERNÁNDEZ DE DIEGO
- GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH IN THE CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES
Under this heading, we will investigate the degree to which our discipline is included in the social science domain in the new curriculum. Objectives: The presence of geography within the general objectives of the field of social sciences is small.
CIENTIFICAS (HIGH COUNCIL FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH)
A. MARTÍN-LOU
- INSTITUTIONS DEVELOPING GEOGRAPHIC ACTIVITIES
Due to «economy of scale» the C.S.I.C. began to merge Institutos, mainly those in the Field of Humanities, where Social Studies disciplines were included. They hope and wait for the C.S.I.C. s authorities to find the scientific reason to allow Geography to reappear in the institution's chart, a place it should have preserved.
PALADINI
- FIFTY YEARS OF GEOGRAPHY I N SPAIN: A REYIEW BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF
The Spanish Association of Geographers sponsors the publication of the Proceedings of the scientific meetings. The Proceedings of the Conference have been published in three recent volumes by the Societat Catalana de Geografía.
NOGUÉ-FONT
- PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHY AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF ACADEMIC
Articles devoted to methods and concepts in geography in the considered period do not represent more than 15.8% of the total (mainly related to the history of geographical thought). In contrast, the contribution to physical geography and methods and concepts in geography became important only at the end of the 1970s.
GEOGRAPHY IN SPAIN*
Thus, the teaching of geography in Spain in primary and secondary schools began in the middle of the last century. In the latter, Historical Geography was originally taught, but at the end of the century it changed to Political and Descriptive Geography. The 1960s and 1970s appear as decisive periods for the consolidation of the geographical community in the university.
The gradual marginalization of geography in the new secondary school curricula only worsened this situation. Another reason that helps explain this increase in the professional practice of geography in Spain is the country's entry into the E.E.C.
PART TWO
BASIC LINES OF RESEARCH
STUDIES OF THE HISTORY OF SPANISH GEOGRAPHY
The research carried out so far has included inventory and systematic analysis of. An analysis of the scientific output and space interventions of military engineers remains to be seen. But this hypothesis overcomes the definition – albeit weak and widespread – of the field of Geography.
The end of the 19th century saw a proliferation of medical topographies, until interest waned due to the bacteriological revolution. Here we have tried to present as complete a picture as possible of the historical studies of Spanish geography carried out in the last twenty years.
THE GEOGRAPHICAL CONTRIBUTION TO SPANISH GEOMORPHOLOGY
But the observant Bowles thought only of the re-mobilization of the terrace sediments (which he did not believe to be fluvial in origin) as the only way of supplying these pebbles and thus remained on the threshold of the discovery of geomorphological truths that he would later develop (Bowles, 1775). In 1896, Lapparent's map of the natural regions of Spain appeared, based on the same criteria. In any case, it is a morphology consistent with the main methodological currents of the time.
At the Universidad de Navarra, they researched regional morphology and the morphology of the Northern Meseta. In the Balearic Islands, the most famous studies are on the karst characteristics of the islands.
CLIMATOLOGY
Catálogo de tipos sinópticos para un estudio climatológico del levante de la Península Ibérica y Baleares”, en Aportacions en homenatge al geograf Salvador LLobet, Barcelona, pp.-63-86. CONGRESO NACIONAL DE GEOGRAFÍA, XII: “Incertidumbre y Peligros Naturales”. “La tristeza: factor limitante de la agricultura en Castilla-La Mancha”, El Espacio Rural de Castilla la Mancha, I, pp. ed.): Estudio mundial de climatología, Ámsterdam-Londres-Nueva York, Elsevier Publishing Company, vol. "Análisis de la irregularidad de las precipitaciones diarias en el litoral mediterráneo de la Península Ibérica".
"Método ha técnica ipyahúva geografía física-pe: renovación metodológica ha técnica geografía física española umi artículo rupive oñemoherakuãva periodo Barcelona, Actas del VIII Coloquio de Geógrafos Españoles, A.G.E. El Valle de la Lozoya", Geographica, Madrid, XXI -XXII, pág. 1991): Estudio geográfico clima rehegua pe parte norte gotyo área ibérica-pe Geo- phica, XXI-XXII, pp. tics de la inversión térmica pe extremo este gotyo pe depresión interior aragonesa yvate gotyo ».
CONTRIBUTION OF THE SPANISH GEOGRAPHY TO BIOGEOGRAPHY
Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense, 2, pp. Sobre la distribución y significado bioclimático de los robledales. Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense, 7, pp. 1990).- «La valoración del estado y dinámica del paisaje vegetal a través de las comunidades y asociaciones que lo integran.». Apuntes de Geografía Física, 6, pp. 1982).- «Aproximación al estudio de la vegetación en el valle de Merles.».
Aporte ojeestudia haguã umi etapa serie vegetación España peninsular-pe.» VIII Coloquio Geografía rehegua, Barcelona-pe. Revista de Geografía Canaria», 0, pp. 1983).- "Caracterización umi unidad vegetal principal Cuenca Tejeda-La Aldea (Gran Canaria)-pe".
POPULATION GEOGRAPHY IN SPAIN
CURRENT STATE AND RECENT DEVELOPMENT
THE RURAL WORLD
Consequently, this work offers a synthesis of some of the most notable contributions that led to the consolidation and flourishing of rural geography in Spain in the second half of this century. Several of the published articles have extensively examined the emergence of land ownership patterns and the evolution of land ownership patterns. The Proceedings, entitled La propiedad de la tierra en España, represent one of the most important contributions to the geography of rural Spain.
The climatic problems of the driest region of the Iberian Peninsula, i.e. the south-eastern part, attracted the attention of Llobet (1958) and Vilá (1961), and later also the geographers of the Universities of Murcia, Granada and Alicante above. all Morales Gil (1968). Studies in historical geography have reconstructed the vicissitudes of ownership of water in the great rivers of the southeastern part of the peninsula (Gil, 1985 and 1987), known for their monstrous swells (Calvo, 1968).
URBAN GEOGRAPHY
- SPANISH CITIES AND URBAN GEOGRAPHY
- STUDIES ON THE SPANISH URBAN SYSTEM
Lisboa, Centro de Estudios Geográficos, Volumen H, Tema 2Q, p. y Departamento de Geografía, Universidad Central, pág. Madrid, Instituto de Estudios de Gobiernos Locales, MOPU y Casa de Velázquez, 973 p. 1991): XII Congreso Nacional de Geografía. 1987, Alicante, Instituto de Estudios Juan Gil-Albert, Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de los Ayuntamientos de Alicante, Benidorm y Torrevieja, 441 p. 1986, Barcelona, Instituto Cartográfico de Cataluña.
San Sebastián, Sociedad Guipúzcoa de Ediciones y Publicaciones, 300 pp. 1985): Murcia, geoscopia de una ciudad española de finales del siglo XX. Zaragoza, Caja de Ahorros y Ayuntamiento, 251 págs. 1981): Santa Cruz de Tenerife: la formación de una ciudad marginal.
INDUSTRIAL GEOGRAPHY
- INDUSTRIAL GEOGRAPHY STUDIES I N SPAIN: RECENT DEVELOPMENT AND M A I N RESEARCH LINES
- INDUSTRIAL GEOGRAPHY AND REVIVAL OF INDUSTRY AND TERRITORY STUDIES
- ENERGY SOURCES AND MINERAL RAW MATERIALS I N SPAIN M . MOLINA
Promoción de propiedad industrial en las afueras de Alicante y su reconversión a uso residencial. Las últimas tendencias en promoción de oficinas en Madrid: parques empresariales La Moraleja y Las Rozas». El impacto de la acción pública en la dinámica industrial de las zonas centrales de la ciudad: el caso del Plan General Urbano de Madrid.
La producción científica, si bien no es grande en comparación con otros campos de investigación, está bien conectada y bien pensada en otros campos científicos, a los que complementa. 1960).- “Factores geográficos de la industria eléctrica española”. 1989).- Recursos energéticos y minerales en España, en PUYOL ANTOLIN, R. Madrid, Boletín de la Real Sociedad Geográfica, CXIX, pp. 1990).- “Fuentes energéticas y materias primas minerales”, en BOSQUE MAURELJ.
GEOGRAPHY OF SERVICES
- EQUIPMENT
En Andalucía existe un estudio sobre las zonas de influencia de los hospitales (López Lara, 1990). Gráfica de la educación en la provincia de Alicante. Boletín de la Real Sociedad Geográfica, Madrid, CXII, p. 1975): “Nota sobre población y servicios médico-farmacéuticos en la provincia de Lleida”. EQUIPO URBANO, (H. CAPEL, director El papel metropolitano de la ciudad de Barcelona: la influencia de la universidad y las grandes clínicas).
Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutensiana, 8, pág. 1989): "Tembiaporã directiva ha administrativa España-pe". Pe bibliografía-pe, nocitai peteĩ artículo ohaiva’ekue umi geógrafo (evidencia ndaipóri térã sa’i ojeipysóva algunos artículos).
CANO-GARCÍA (COORD.)
Aproximación desde la Geografía del Transporte «, Paralelo 37, 3, pp. agente moderno en la organización del territorio”, VI C, p. COROOBA y ANTON (1990): » Aplicación de las cadenas de Markov en el análisis dinámico. el concepto de centralidad en un sistema de transporte", II.G., 198, p. “Rutas de la Marina Mercante en España”. Transporte por carretera y organización del espacio insular, 18 y sigs. FERNÁNDEZ-MAYORALAS FERNÁN-DEZ, G. (1989.I): “Características de la demanda de servicios de ferrocarril de cercanías en Madrid”, XI.
Una visión del papel territorial de la oferta de transporte público de viajeros por carretera en la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía. LÓPEZ TRIGAL, L. (1990): “La situación del ferrocarril de vía estrecha en España, entre el factor competencia y las políticas de transporte”, E.G., 198, pp. 1982): «La red interurbana de autobuses en la provincia de Tarragona y la organización del espacio geográfico», Tarraco, 3, pp.
