ALGUNAS SECUELAS. EMPATÍA CON LAS VÍCTIMAS

sCn: cang-zhu atractylodes

syn: Atractylodes chinensis (Bunge) Koidz.; Atractylis ovata Thunb.

pn: cang zhu (rhizome) part: rhizome

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uick

R

efeRence

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ummaRy

Safety Class: 1

Interaction Class: A

C

ontraindiCations None known.

o

ther

P

reCautions None known.

d

rugand

s

uPPlement

i

nteraCtions

None known.

a

dverse

e

ventsand

s

ide

e

ffeCts

None known.

P

harmaCologiCal

C

onsiderations

None known.

P

regnanCyand

l

aCtation

No information on the use of cang-zhu atractylodes during pregnancy or lactation was identified in the scientific or tra- ditional literature. While this review did not identify any concerns for pregnant or lactating women, safety has not been conclusively established.

R

eview

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etailS

i. d

rugand

s

uPPlement

i

nteraCtions

Clinical trials of drug or supplement interactions

No clinical trials of drug or supplement interactions were identified.

Case reports of suspected drug or supplement interactions

No case reports of suspected drug or supplement interac- tions were identified.

animal trials of drug or supplement interactions

No animal trials of drug or supplement interactions were identified.

ii. a

dverse

e

vents

adverse events reported in Clinical trials

Extracts of cang-zhu atractylodes have been used in clini- cal studies to treat infants with rickets. In one study, oral doses of 0.066 ml of the essential oil were administered to 2- or 3-year-olds three times daily for 1 to 2 weeks (Chen and Chen 2004). In a s econd study, infants were treated with a syrup containing the equivalent of 4.5 g of cang-zhu

atractylodes twice daily for 15 days (Chen and Chen 2004). No adverse event information was reported in English lan- guage translations.

Case reports of adverse events

No case reports of adverse events were identified.

iii. P

harmaCologyand

P

harmaCokinetiCs human pharmacological studies

No relevant human pharmacological studies were identified.

animal pharmacological studies

No relevant animal pharmacological studies were identified.

in Vitro pharmacological studies

No relevant in vitro pharmacological studies were identified.

iv. P

regnanCyand

l

aCtation

No information on the safety of cang-zhu atractylodes dur- ing pregnancy or lactation was identified.

v. t

oxiCity

s

tudies

No toxicity studies were identified.

l

iteRatuRe

c

iteD

Chen, J.K., and T.T. Chen. 2004. Chinese medical herbology and phar-

Atractylodes macrocephala

A

Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. asteraceae

sCn: bai-zhu atractylodes

pn: bai zhu (rhizome) part: rhizome

Q

uick

R

efeRence

S

ummaRy

Safety Class: 1

Interaction Class:

A

C

ontraindiCations None known.

o

ther

P

reCautions None known.

d

rugand

s

uPPlement

i

nteraCtions

None known.

a

dverse

e

ventsand

s

ide

e

ffeCts

None known.

P

harmaCologiCal

C

onsiderations

In one human study, a lengthening of prothrombin time (indicating a s lowing of blood clotting) was observed in patients treated with bai-zhu atractylodes. Information on the magnitude of effect on prothrombin time was not listed in the English language translation (Chen and Chen 2004).

P

regnanCyand

l

aCtation

Bai-zhu atractylodes is used in formulas during pregnancy in traditional Chinese medicine to “calm the fetus” (Bensky et al. 2004).

No information on the safety of bai-zhu atractylodes in lactation was identified. While this review did not identify any concerns for use while nursing, safety has not been con- clusively established.

R

eview

D

etailS

i. d

rugand

s

uPPlement

i

nteraCtions

Clinical trials of drug or supplement interactions

No clinical trials of drug or supplement interactions were identified.

Case reports of suspected drug or supplement interactions

No case reports of suspected drug or supplement interac- tions were identified.

animal trials of drug or supplement interactions

No animal trials of drug or supplement interactions were identified.

ii. a

dverse

e

vents

Case reports of adverse events

Overdose (standard dose is a decoction of 6–15 g) or inap- propriate use has been associated with vomiting of blood, nosebleeds, bloody stools, elevated temperature, and agita- tion (Bensky et al. 2004).

iii. P

harmaCologyand

P

harmaCokinetiCs human pharmacological studies

A lengthening of prothrombin time was observed in healthy volunteers administered a 5% decoction of bai-zhu atracty- lodes three times daily for 4 days. Information on the mag- nitude of the effect on prothrombin time was not listed in the English language translation (Chen and Chen 2004).

animal pharmacological studies

No relevant animal pharmacological studies were identified.

in Vitro pharmacological studies

Induction of the drug-metabolizing isoenzyme CYP3A4 was observed in human liver cells and rat liver microsomes treated with extracts of bai-zhu atractylodes (Dong et al. 2008a, 2008b).

iv. P

regnanCyand

l

aCtation

Bai-zhu atractylodes is used during pregnancy in traditional Chinese medicine to “calm the fetus” (Bensky et al. 2004).

Sesquiterpene lactones isolated from bai-zhu atracty- lodes inhibited contractions induced by acetylcholine and oxytocin in isolated rat uteri (Zhang et al. 2000).

No information on the safety of bai-zhu atractylodes during lactation was identified.

v. t

oxiCity

s

tudies

acute toxicity

The LD50 of a decoction of bai-zhu atractylodes intraperito-

neally administered in mice is 13.3 g/kg (Chen and Chen 2004).

Cytotoxicity

Pro-oxidant and cytotoxic activities of the compound atrac- tylenolide have been observed (Wang et al. 2006).

A

l

iteRatuRe

c

iteD

Bensky, D., S. Clavey, and E. Stöger. 2004. Chinese herbal medicine:

Materia medica. 3rd ed. Seattle: Eastland Press.

Chen, J.K., and T.T. Chen. 2004. Chinese medical herbology and phar-

macology. City of Industry, CA: Art of Medicine Press.

Dong, H.Y., J.W. Shao, J.F. Chen, et al. 2008a. Transcriptional reg- ulation of cytochr ome P450 3A4 by four kinds of traditional Chinese medicines. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 33(9):1014-1017, 1089.

Dong, H.Y., J.W. Shao, T. Wang, Y.H. Guo, and L.Y . Yan. 2008b. Effects on the activities and mRNA expression of CYP3A in rat’s liver by four kinds of extracts from anti-cancer traditional Chinese medicines. Zhong Yao Cai 31(1):68-71.

Wang, C.C., S.Y. Lin, H.C. Cheng, and W.C. Hou. 2006. Pro-oxidant and cytotoxic activities of atractylenolide I in human pr omy- eloleukemic HL-60 cells. Food Chem. Toxicol. 44(8):1308-1315. Zhang, Y.Q., S.B. Xu, Y.C. Lin, et al. 2000. Antagonistic effects of 3

sesquiterpene lactones from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz on rat uterine contraction in vitro. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 21(1):91-96.

Atropa belladonna L. solanaceae

sCn: belladonna

oCn: deadly nightshade part: leaf

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uick

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efeRence

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ummaRy

Safety Class: 3

In document Acoso sexual. en el trabajo y masculinidad. Exploración con hombres de la población general. Centroamérica y República Dominicana (página 173-177)