MEFCCA Programa Hambre Cero
Capítulo 5. Análisis de la Evolución de Precios y sus Elasticidades
Procedure:
a. Filing a petition for dissolution with the SEC
b. Such petition must be signed by majority of the board of directors or trustees
c. Must also be verified by the president or secretary or one of its directors
d. The dissolution was resolved upon by the affirmative vote of the stockholders representing at least 2/3 of the outstanding capital stock or at least 2/3 of the members at a meeting duly called for that purpose.
e. If there is no sufficient objection, and the material allegations of the petition are true, a judgment shall be rendered dissolving the corporation and directing such disposition of its assets as justice requires, and may appoint a receiver to collect such assets and pay the debts of the corporation.
(Sec. 119)
3. By shortening the corporate term – A voluntary dissolution may be effected by amending the AOI to shorten its corporate term pursuant to the provisions of the Code. A copy of the amended AOI shall be submitted to the SEC. Upon approval of the amended AOI of the expiration of the shortened term, the corporation shall be deemed dissolved without any further proceedings, subject to the provisions of the Code on liquidation.
As an additional requirement, the SEC requires to submit the final audited financial statement not older than 60 days before the application for shortening the corporate term.
4. In case of a corporation sole, by submitting to the SEC for approval, a verified declaration of dissolution
(Sec.115). This merely needs the
affidavit of the presiding elder. No need for a board resolution.
5. By merger or consolidation, whereby the constituent corporations automatically cease upon issuance by the SEC of the certificate of merger or
consolidation, except the surviving or consolidated corporation which shall continue to exist. (Secs. 79 and 80)
6. Expiration of the corporate term (Sec.
11).
(B) INVOLUNTARY
Q: What are the involuntary modes of dissolution of a corporation?
A:
1. By expiration of corporate term
2. Failure to organize and commence transaction of its business within 2 years from date of incorporation (Sec.
22).
3. Continuous inoperation for a period of at least 5 years.
4. Legislative dissolution. In this case, a corporation created by special law is dissolved also by a special law.
5. Dissolution of SEC on grounds under existing laws.
Q: What are examples of dissolution by the SEC under existing laws?
A: Examples of dissolution by the SEC under
special laws are:
1. Failure to file by‐laws within the required period but, according to a SEC Opinion, SEC will give it the opportunity to explain such failure and not automatically dissolve the corporation.
2. By order of the SEC upon a verified petition and after proper notice and hearing on the ground of serious misrepresentation as to what the corporation can do or is doing to the great prejudice of or damage to the general public.
3. Revocation or forfeiture of the franchise or certificate of incorporation due to its misuse or non‐use pursuant to quo
warranto proceedings filed by the
Solicitor General.
4. Failure to file required reports.
Q: XYZ Corporation entered into a contract of lease with ABC, Inc., over a piece of real estate for a term of 20 years, renewable for another 20 years, provided that XYZ's corporate term is extended in accordance with law. Four years after the term of XYZ Corporation expired, but still within the period allowed by the lease contract for the extension of the lease period, XYZ Corp. notified ABC, Inc., that it is exercising the option to extend the lease. ABC, Inc., objected to the proposed extension, arguing that since the corporate life of XYZ Corp. had expired, it could no longer opt to renew the lease. XYZ Corp. countered that withstanding the lapse of its corporate term it still has the right to renew the lease because no quo warranto proceedings for involuntary dissolution of XYZ Corp. has been instituted by the Office of the Solicitor General. Is the contention of XYZ Corp. meritorious? Explain briefly.
A: XYZ Corporation’s contention is not
meritorious based on the ruling of the Supreme Court in PNB v. CFI of Rizal, May 27, 1992. XYZ Corp. was dissolved ipso facto upon the expiration of its original term. It ceased to be a body corporate for the purpose of continuing the business for which it was organized, except only for purposes connected with its winding up or liquidation. Extending the lease is not an act to wind up or litigate XYZ’s affairs. It is contrary to the idea of winding up the affairs of the corporation. (2004 Bar Question) (2) METHODS OF LIQUIDATION Q: What are the modes of liquidation? A: 1. By the corporation itself or its board of directors or trustees; (Sec. 122, par. 1) 2. By a trustee to whom the assets of the
corporation had been conveyed. (Sec.
122, par. 2); (Board of Liquidators v. Kalaw, G.R. No. L‐18805, Aug. 14, 1967)
3. By a management committee or rehabilitation receiver appointed by SEC; (Sec. 119, last par.)
Q: Does a corporation in the process of liquidation have legal authority to engage in any new business?
A: No, a corporation in the process of liquidation
has no legal authority to engage in any new business, even if the same is in accordance with the primary purpose stated in its article of incorporation.
Q: The Securities and Exchange Commission approved the amendment of the articles of incorporation of GHQ Corporation shortening its corporate life to only 25 years in accordance with Sec. 120 of the Corporation Code. As shortened, the corporation continued its business operations until May 30, 1997, the last day of its corporate existence. Prior to said date, there were a number of pending civil actions, of varying nature but mostly money claims filed by creditors, none of which was expected to be completed or resolved within five years from May 30, 1997. If the creditors had sought your professional help at that time about whether or not their cases could be pursued beyond May 30, 1997, what would have been your advice?
A: The cases can be pursued even beyond May
30, 1997, the last day of the corporate existence of GHQ Corporation. The corporation is not actually dissolved upon the expiration of its corporate term. There is still the period for liquidation or winding up. (2000 Bar Question)
Q: X Corporation shortened its corporate life by amending its articles of incorporation. It has no debts but owns a prime property located in Quezon City. How would the said property be liquidated among the five stockholders of said corporation? Discuss two methods of liquidation.
A: The prime property of X Corporation can be
liquidated among the five stockholders after the property has been conveyed by the corporation to the five stockholders, by dividing or partitioning it among themselves in any two of the following ways:
1. By physical division or partition based on the proportion of the values of their stockholdings; or
2. By selling the property to a third person and dividing the proceeds among the five stockholders in proportion to their stockholdings; or
3. After the determination of the value of the property, by assigning or transferring the property to one stockholder with the obligation on the part of said stockholder to pay the other four stockholders the amount/s in proportion to the value of the stockholding of each. (2001 Bar
Question)