MEFCCA Programa Hambre Cero
Capítulo 2. Análisis de la Demanda de Semilla Certificada
2.1 El mercado para Semilla Certificada a nivel nacional
to "B", "A" cannot claim the shares of stock from "X". The certificate of stock covering said shares have been duly endorsed by "A" and entrusted by him to "B". By his said acts, "A" is now estopped from claiming said shares from "X", a bona fide purchaser who relied on the endorsement by “A” of the certificate of stock. (2001 Bar Question)
Q: What if the transfer is not recorded, is it valid?
A: Yes, but, only insofar as the parties to the
transfer are concerned.
Note: To bind the corporation the deed effecting the transfer must be duly recorded in the corporate books. (Sec. 63)
Q: May a stockholder bring suit to compel the corporate secretary to register valid transfer of stocks?
A: Yes, it is the corporate secretary’s duty and
obligation to register transfers of stocks.
Q: What are the remedies where corporation refuses to transfer certificate of stocks?
A:
1. Petition for mandamus
2. Suit for specific performance of an express or implied contract
3. May sue for damages where specific performance cannot be granted
Note: There must be a special power of attorney executed by the registered owner of the share authorizing transferor to demand transfer in the stock and transfer book (Ponce vs. Arsons Cement, G.R. No. 139802, Dec. 10, 2002).
The law does not prescribe a period within which the registration of the transfer of shares should be effected. Hence, the action to enforce the right does not accrue until there has been a demand and a refusal concerning the transfer.
Q: When may the corporation validly refuse to register the transfer of shares?
A: The corporation may refuse to register the
transfer of shares if it has an existing unpaid claim over the shares to be transferred. The “unpaid claim” refers to the unpaid subscription on the shares transferred and not to any other indebtedness that the transferor may have to the corporation. (Sec. 63)
(D) ISSUANCE
Q: When may a corporation issue a stock certificate?
A: Under Sec. 64 of the Corporation Code, a
certificate of stock may only be issued to a subscriber if the full amount of subscription together with interest and expenses (in case of delinquent shares) if any due, has been paid.
Q: What is the rule on right to issuance?
A: A corporation may now, in the absence of
provisions in their by‐laws to the contrary, apply payments made by subscribers‐stockholders, either as:
1. Full payment for the corresponding number of shares of stock, the par value of each of which is covered by such payment; or
2. Payment pro‐rata to each and all the entire number of shares subscribed for.
(Baltazar v. Lingayen Gulf Electric Power Co., Inc, G.R. No. L‐16236‐38, June 30, 1965)
Q: What is the Doctrine of Individuality of Subscription?
A: A subscription is one entire and indivisible
whole contract. It cannot be divided into portions. (Sec. 64)
(E) STOCK AND TRANSFER BOOK
Q: What books are required to be kept by a corporation?
A:
1. Book for the minutes of SH and BOD meetings 2. Record of transactions 3. Stock and transfer book 4. Other books required to be kept i. CONTENTS Q: What are the contents of a stock and transfer book? A:
1. All stocks in the name of the stockholders alphabetically arranged 2. Amount paid and unpaid on all stocks
and the date of payment of any installment
3. Alienation, sale or transfer of stocks 4. Other entries as the by‐laws may
prescribe
ii. WHO MAY MAKE VALID ENTRIES
Q: Who may make proper entries in stock and transfer books?
A: The obligation and duty falls on the corporate
secretary. If the corporate secretary refuses to comply, the stockholder may rightfully bring suit to compel performance. The stockholder cannot take the law on to his hands; otherwise such entry shall be void. (Torres, Jr. v. CA, G.R. No.
120138, Sept. 5, 1997)
Q: What is the probative value of the stock and transfer book?
A: The entries are considered prima facie
evidence of the matters stated therein and may be subject to proof to the contrary (Bitong v. CA,
G.R. No. 123553, July 13, 1999).
Q: Who are the persons given the right to inspect corporate books?
A:
1. Any director, trustee, stockholder or member 2. Voting trust certificate holder 3. Stockholder of sequestered company 4. Beneficial owners of shares Q: What is the basis of SH’s right of inspection?
A: As owners of the assets and property of the
corporation stockholders should be entitled to the right of inspection which is predicated upon the necessity of self‐protection.
Q: What are the limitations on the right to inspection?
A:
1. The right must be exercised during reasonable hours on business days 2. The person demanding the right has not
improperly used any information obtained through any previous examination of the books and records of the corporation
3. The demand is made in good faith or for legitimate purpose germane to his interest as a styockholder. (Sec. 74) 4. It should follow the formalities that may
be required in the by‐laws
5. The right does not extend to trade secrets
6. It is subject to limitations under special laws, e.g. Secrecy of Bank Deposits and FCDA or the Foreign Currency Deposits Act.
Note: The right extends, in compliance with equity, good faith, and fair dealing, to a foreign subsidiary wholly‐owned by the corporation
(F) LOST OR DESTROYED CERTIFICATES
Q: What is the procedure for the issuance of a
new stock certificate in lieu of those which have been lost, stolen or destroyed?
A:
1. The registered owner of a certificate of stock in a corporation or his legal representative shall file with the corporation an affidavit in triplicate setting forth, if possible, the circumstances as to how the certificate was lost, stolen or destroyed, the number of shares represented by such certificate, the serial number of the certificate and the name of the corporation which issued the same.
2. After verifying the affidavit and other information and evidence with the books of the corporation, said corporation shall publish a notice in a newspaper of general circulation published in the place where the corporation has its principal office, once a week for three (3) consecutive weeks at the expense of the registered owner of the certificate of stock which has been lost, stolen or destroyed.
3. After the expiration of one (1) year from the date of the last publication, if no contest has been presented to said corporation regarding said certificate of stock, the right to make such contest shall be barred and said corporation shall cancel in its books the certificate of stock which has been lost, stolen or destroyed and issue in lieu thereof new certificate of stock.
4. If the registered owner files a bond or other security effective for a period of one (1) year, a new certificate may be issued even before the expiration of the one (1) year period.