CAPÍTULO 3 CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA SOLUCIÓN PROPUESTA
3.3 CAPTURA DE REQUISITOS
While such criteria might strike you as being a bit vague, the test is always very clear when it is testing
redundancy—you just have to pick up on the fact that it is testing concision/redundancy and not precision/word choice. Let’s try a few examples:
1) On a yearly basis, the company has been making over 100 million dollars annually.
2) Johnny was not popular amongst his classmates because he was always spiteful and he showed malice at every turn.
3) Presently, I don’t have the ability to help you at this moment because I’m too busy and need a break.
How would this actually look on the test, given that an underlined part, and not the whole sentence, is being tested:
Presently, I don’t have the ability to help you at this moment because I’m too busy and need a break.
A) NO CHANGE B) currently C) really speaking
D) “delete the underlined portion”
Here are the three words that are redundant for each of the three questions above:
1) yearly = annually
2) “spiteful” means “showing malice”
3) presently = at this moment
A nal note on concision
Oftentimes, an entire question won’t be dedicated to concision. Rather, a question will be about some other grammatical rule, but one of the answer choices will happen to lack concision. That answer choice is almost always wrong.
Style and tone
Tone
Sometimes when we write, we lapse into phrases that are too casual for an essay, but are ones we might very well use with our friends. On the ipside (or should I say “inversely”), we sometimes try to impress our teachers, or whoever it is reading our essay, by using overly formal and vocabulary-heavy phrases.
Finding that proper level of formality is the focus of tone questions. Since the SAT writing passages are always written in professional style, the kind you’d encounter in an article found in a magazine (think National
Geographic ) or newspaper article (think the front page of the Wall Street Journal ), the tone is never extremely casual or frighteningly sti and formal.
Extremely casual
1. That’s neat what happened during the Olympics.
2. My job is super special.
3. Finding out stu about the presidents isn’t as boring as I thought.
Overly formal
1. Superlatives abound in rendering the phenomenon concomitant with the Olympics.
2. My vocation a ords more than a modicum of autonomy.
3. Imbibing knowledge pertaining to the former heads of the Oval O ce proved more scintillating than I could have possibly envisioned.
What the SAT would write
1. This year’s Olympics proved to be a memorable one, with numerous world records being set.
2. My job allows me the exibility to work from home and set my own schedule.
3. Learning about the lives of U.S. presidents was not nearly as dull as I had anticipated.
Notice that both the overly casual and the overly formal tend to be vague, whereas the proper level of writing is clear and speci c without ever being verbose (“Imbibing knowledge” loses out to the unpretentious “learning” in the concision contest any day).
Style
Sometimes the SAT wants to know if you can pick up on a certain style a writer is using. Since it is di cult to test style without directly asking what the author is doing, the test writers have focused mainly on sentence
structure. Speci cally, there will be an uncommon way of arranging a sentence or sentences that the test wants you to pick up on.
Though you aren’t likely to see this kind of question, you might be wondering how you’ll know when you are dealing with this kind of question. Well, the test will most likely tell you in the question stem:
Which of the following answer choices is most consistent with the style used by the writer of the passage?
Standing in front of an audience of thousands was the greatest moment of the young singer’s life. Faces glowed with adulation. Eyes xated on her with wonder. People could not wait to hear her.
A) NO CHANGE
B) People were anticipating her singing.
C) Ears perked up in anticipation.
D) She was going to sing in the crowd’s ears.
Notice how C) parallels the structure used by the previous two sentences: body part + verb + preposition.
Syntax/Combining Sentences
Let me rst give you the general de nition of syntax; then, I’ll tell you exactly how the test writers will use it (that’s the more important part).
Syntax: the arrangement of phrases, clauses and sentences.
What this means as far as the test goes is how to best “combine sentences”. That’s the key phrase here and you can forget the word syntax. Think of this section as “Combining Sentences”. The test will never ask you whether you should combine sentences (they won’t make you to judge of whether something is too choppy) but will only ask you how to best combine two or more sentences.
Short underline
Miles Davis was an innovative jazz trumpeter. He developed a style known as “cool jazz”.
This sentence is slightly choppy, so the test wants you to make it less so.
Which choice most e ectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion?
A) NO CHANGE
B) jazz trumpeter who developed
C) jazz trumpeter; and in his music, he developed D) jazz trumpeter, but developed
Explanation:
A) is choppy, meaning that it doesn’t provide a transition word or phrase showing the connection between what comes before the period and what comes after it. Notice how the rst part talks about how Miles Davis was innovative. The second part gives us an example: he developed a new style of jazz. D) is wrong because it indicates a contrast between the two sentences. C) is wrong for punctuation reasons. The ‘and’ directly after the
semicolon is unnecessary. B) is correct because it avoids the choppiness in A) by connecting the two sentences.
‘Who’ avoids the unwanted contrasted suggested in D).
Entire sentence underline
Let’s take the same sentence and show you what else the test can do.
Miles Davis was an innovative jazz trumpeter. He developed a style known as “cool jazz”.
Which choice most e ectively combines the sentences?
A) Developing a style known as “cool jazz” is why Miles Davis was an innovative jazz trumpeter.
B) Miles Davis was an innovative jazz trumpeter, and he also developed a style known as “cool jazz”.
C) A style known as “cool jazz” was developed by Miles Davis, an innovative jazz trumpeter.
D) An innovative jazz trumpeter, Miles Davis developed a style known as “cool jazz”.
Explanation:
One thing you’ll want to look for in combining sentences question types is a logical “balance” between two sentences. Here the logical connection is that Miles Davis’s creation of a new style resulted from the fact that he was innovative: INNOVATIVE results in CREATION OF NEW STYLE.
A) I’ve mentioned before how concision is something that can pertain to many question types. Here, “is why”
leads to a sentence that lacks concision. Also, the original sentence is not to express what made Davis an innovative trumpeter (“he developed a new style”) but that he was innovative trumpeter who invented this new style of jazz.
B), by using “and also” does not show this logical connection. This sentence makes it sound as though Davis was two relatively unrelated things: he was innovative and, by the way, he also created a new style.
C) is in passive voice. Think of passive voice as the “by tense”, e.g., The ball was hit BY him . This is almost always considered incorrect on the SAT. That is, there will almost always be a perfectly good answer not in passive voice.
D) does a good job of showing the importance of the two parts of the sentence. “An innovative trumpeter” is not as important as “he created a new style”. Therefore, we make it a subordinate clause (“subordinate” means of lesser importance”). That puts the focus on the content of the main clause.