JURÍDICA DEL DELITO EN UN ESTADO CONSTITUCIONAL DE DERECHO
III. El concepto doctrinal de delito
Somewhat varying terminology and definitions are sometimes applied in different business sectors and in different countries. In order to clarify the discussion presented, some basic risk concepts and terminology applied in this study are explained below:
• Hazard – A potential to threaten human life, health, property or the environment;
• Risk – the combination (product) of the frequency (probability) and the severity of the consequence of an unwanted event;
• Risk reduction may be achieved by either preventive measures (frequency reducing measures) and/or by mitigation measures (consequence-reducing measures);
• Accident – An unwanted event involving fatality, injury, loss or environmental damage; • Consequence – The outcome of an accident;
• Safety – Freedom from unacceptable risks.
12.3.1 Scaling of Risk with Regard to Quantities Handled and Number of
Handlings
Many of the safety issues discussed in the study refer to known data and experience gained from large-scale handling of LNG and loading/unloading of LNG carriers. For the development of an infrastructure for LNG as a ship fuel, the various distribution and bunkering concepts and the quantities of LNG handled are characterised by other scales of magnitudes. In order to facilitate discussion of the results presented in this report, the rough definitions given in Chapter 6 are applied to characterise what is described as large-scale, medium-scale and small-scale LNG handling.
The established large-scale ship transportation and handling
consumers has a very good safety record based on stringent regulative structures, safe design and operational procedures, as well as professional, well
When the imported LNG flow will be distri
flows, the number of transfer operations as well as the number of staff involved will increase dramatically. This is schematically illustrated in Figure
bunkering but tank trucks on the road will also contribute to a distributed network of frequency LNG transportation. (As can be seen the definitions of
handling differs a bit from the definitions used generally in the report. The definitions in Figure 45 however are related more to a shipping perspective rather than a terminal persp
Figure 62 Schematic illustration of differences between Source; SSPA, 2011
Safety requirements imposed by the established regulative structures are strict and generally based on large scale LNG handling and associated potential severe consequences of accidents. The severity of the potential consequences of various accident scenar
small-scale and medium scale LNG handling, the consequences will be correspondingly smaller. When discussing adaptation or liberalisation of the established regulative schemes with respect t
handling it should be an indispensable condition that the established high level of LNG safety should be maintained even if some requirements may be less strict when operations are downscaled.
The concept of downscaling with regard to thi
scale ship transportation and handling of LNG from production sites to land consumers has a very good safety record based on stringent regulative structures, safe design and operational
well-trained personnel.
When the imported LNG flow will be distributed and divided into a large number of smaller transportation flows, the number of transfer operations as well as the number of staff involved will increase dramatically. Figure 62. The figure represents sea transportation of LNG and STS bunkering but tank trucks on the road will also contribute to a distributed network of
(As can be seen the definitions of large-scale and smaller scales definitions used generally in the report. The definitions in Figure 45 however are related more to a shipping perspective rather than a terminal perspective.)
Schematic illustration of differences between large-scale, medium scale and small-scale
Safety requirements imposed by the established regulative structures are strict and generally based on large scale LNG handling and associated potential severe consequences of accidents. The severity of the potential consequences of various accident scenarios are often proportional to the quantity of LNG handled and for LNG handling, the consequences will be correspondingly smaller. When discussing adaptation or liberalisation of the established regulative schemes with respect to small
handling it should be an indispensable condition that the established high level of LNG safety should be maintained even if some requirements may be less strict when operations are downscaled.
The concept of downscaling with regard to this condition is illustrated by the risk matrix in
of LNG from production sites to land-based consumers has a very good safety record based on stringent regulative structures, safe design and operational
buted and divided into a large number of smaller transportation flows, the number of transfer operations as well as the number of staff involved will increase dramatically. The figure represents sea transportation of LNG and STS bunkering but tank trucks on the road will also contribute to a distributed network of small-scale high and smaller scales LNG definitions used generally in the report. The definitions in Figure 45 however
scale LNG.
Safety requirements imposed by the established regulative structures are strict and generally based on large- scale LNG handling and associated potential severe consequences of accidents. The severity of the potential
ios are often proportional to the quantity of LNG handled and for LNG handling, the consequences will be correspondingly smaller. When o small-scale LNG handling it should be an indispensable condition that the established high level of LNG safety should be
Figure 63 Schematic risk matrix illustrating the concept of maintained risk level for large, medium and small- scale handling of LNG.
Source; SSPA, 2011