5 Principios generales de codificación
6.49 Contador de saltos
Chapter 9 WAN Layer 2 Technology Hands-on Exercise Guide
Overview
This document introduces Wide Area Network (WAN) Layer 2 technologies, including Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), Multilink PPP (MP), PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE), and Frame Relay (FR).
PPP is used at the data link layer for point-to-point data transmission over full-duplex synchronous and asynchronous links. It consists of the Link Control Protocol (LCP), Network Control Protocol (NCP), Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP), and Password Authentication Protocol (PAP).
MP binds multiple PPP links to increase link bandwidth. MP fragments the packets whose length is greater than the minimum packet length and then sends the fragments to the peer device over multiple PPP links in the MP-Group. After receiving these fragments, the peer device assembles these packets and then sends them to the network layer. MP can be implemented by using virtual template (VT) interfaces or MP-Group interfaces.
PPPoE is a network protocol that encapsulates PPP frames into Ethernet frames. PPPoE enables multiple hosts on an Ethernet to connect to a broadband remote access server (BRAS), implementing access control and charging on a per-host basis.
FR is a statistical multiplexing protocol that is applicable to charge burst traffic. In addition, FR can also dynamically allocate network resources.
Objectives
Upon completion of this exercise guide, you will be able to:
Configure MP.
Configure PPPoE.
Configure FR.
Tasks
The following topology shows the network of Company A. Deploy the network according to the following requirements:
(1) Bind PPP links between R1 and R4, and disable the MP-Group mode. For details about the interface name and IP address, see the "IP Address Table".
(2) Configure R1 as the PPPoE server and R5 as the PPPoE client. Enable the PPPoE
server to allocate the IP address 15.1.1.5 to the PPPoE client. Configure the PPPoE
server to authenticate the PPPoE client using PAP, with the user name R5 and
password HUAWEI.
(3) Disable InARP on FR links between R1 and R2 and between R1 and R3. R1 and R2 can communicate over the network segment 12.1.1.0/24, while R1 and R3 can communicate over the network segment 23.1.1.0/24. Sub-interfaces cannot be created.
(4) Run Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) on R1, R2, R3, and R4, set the area to 47.0000, the system ID to 0000.0000.000X, and the IS-IS level to Level-2, implementing interworking between addresses in the "IP Address Table".
Topology
IP Address Table
Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask Default
Gateway
R1
VT12 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 N/A
VT13 13.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 N/A
VT14 14.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 N/A
VT15 15.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 N/A
Loopback 0 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 N/A
R2 VT12 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 N/A
Loopback 0 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 N/A
R3 VT13 13.1.1.3 255.255.255.0 N/A
Loopback 0 10.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 N/A
R4 VT14 14.1.1.4 255.255.255.0 N/A
Loopback 0 10.4.4.4 255.255.255.255 N/A
Configuration and Verification
1. Bind PPP links between R1 and R4, and disable the MP-Group mode. For
details about the interface name and IP address, see the "IP Address Table."
After completing this task, run the display ppp mp command to view the MP binding information. The following uses the display of R1 as an example. The table shows only key information, while other information is omitted.
[R1]display ppp mp
Template is Virtual-Template14
Bundle 22645b08be91, 2 members, slot 0, Master link is Virtual-Template14:0
0 lost fragments, 0 reordered, 0 unassigned,
sequence 0/0 rcvd/sent
The bundled sub channels are:
Serial2/0/0
Serial2/0/1
MP can be implemented by using MP-Group interfaces or VT interfaces.
You can also run the following command to verify the results:
display interface virtual-template
2. Configure R1 as the PPPoE server and R5 as the PPPoE client. Enable the PPPoE server to allocate the IP address 15.1.1.5 to the PPPoE client.
Configure the PPPoE server to authenticate the PPPoE client using PAP, with the user name R5 and password HUAWEI.
After completing this task, run the display pppoe-server session/display ip interface brief command to view information about the PPPoE server and IP address of the client. The following table shows information of R1 and R5. The table shows only key information, while other information is omitted.
[R1]display pppoe-server session all
SID Intf State OIntf RemMAC LocMAC
1 Virtual-Template15:0 UP GE0/0/0 00e0.fc03.b392 00e0.fc03.ab7f
[R5]display ip interface brief
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
Dialer15 15.1.1.5/32 up up(s)
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 unassigned up down
You can also run the following command to verify the results:
display pppoe-client session
3. Disable InARP on FR links between R1 and R2 and between R1 and R3. R1 and R2 can communicate over the network segment 12.1.1.0/24, while R1 and R3 can communicate over the network segment 23.1.1.0/24.
Sub-interfaces cannot be created.
After completing this task, run the display fr map-info command to view FR address mapping information. The following table shows information on R1.
[R1]display fr map-info
Map Statistics for interface Serial1/0/0 (DTE)
DLCI = 102, PPP over FR Virtual-Template12, Serial1/0/0
create time = 2013/09/18 19:22:33, status = ACTIVE
encapsulation = ietf, vlink = 0
DLCI = 103, PPP over FR Virtual-Template13, Serial1/0/0
create time = 2013/09/18 19:22:41, status = ACTIVE
encapsulation = ietf, vlink = 0
FR links can transmit multiple types of packets, such as IP packets and PPP packets. As sub-interfaces cannot be created, another method should be used to meet the requirement in this task.
4. Run IS-IS on R1, R2, R3, and R4, set the area to 47.0000, the system ID to 0000.0000.000X, and the IS-IS level to Level-2, implementing interworking between addresses in the "IP Address Table".
After completing this task, run the display ip routing-table protocol isis command to view IS-IS routing information on R1.
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol isis
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.2.2.2/32 ISIS-L2 15 10 D 12.1.1.2 Virtual-Template12
10.3.3.3/32 ISIS-L2 15 10 D 13.1.1.3 Virtual-Template13
10.4.4.4/32 ISIS-L2 15 10 D 14.1.1.4 Virtual-Template14
IS-IS does not apply to FR links. To enable IS-IS on FR links, you need to configure sub-interfaces or PPP over FR (PPPoFR).
Questions
What are the characteristics of VT interfaces?
Configuration List
<R1>display current-configuration
#
sysname R1
#
aaa
authentication-scheme default
authorization-scheme default
accounting-scheme default
domain default
domain default_admin
local-user r5 password cipher %$%$wgCcG9i@%B0!z/SzyC&,S2fp%$%$
local-user r5 service-type ppp
local-user admin password cipher %$%$K8m.Nt84DZ}e#<0`8bmE3Uw}%$%$
local-user admin service-type http
#
isis 1
is-level level-2
network-entity 47.0000.0000.0000.0001.00
#
interface Serial1/0/0
link-protocol fr
undo fr inarp
fr map ppp interface Virtual-Template12 102
fr map ppp interface Virtual-Template13 103
#
interface Serial2/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ppp mp Virtual-Template 14
#
interface Serial2/0/1
link-protocol ppp
ppp mp Virtual-Template 14
#
interface Virtual-Template12
ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
isis enable 1
#
interface Virtual-Template13
ip address 13.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
isis enable 1
#
interface Virtual-Template14
ip address 14.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
isis enable 1
#
interface Virtual-Template15
ppp authentication-mode pap
remote address 15.1.1.5
ip address 15.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
pppoe-server bind Virtual-Template 15
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
isis enable 1
#
return
<R2>display current-configuration
#
sysname R2
#
isis 1
is-level level-2
network-entity 47.0000.0000.0000.0002.00
#
interface Serial1/0/0
link-protocol fr
undo fr inarp
fr map ppp interface Virtual-Template12 201
#
interface Virtual-Template12
ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
isis enable 1
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
isis enable 1
#
return
<R3>display current-configuration
#
sysname R3
#
isis 1
is-level level-2
network-entity 47.0000.0000.0000.0003.00
#
interface Serial1/0/0
link-protocol fr
undo fr inarp
fr map ppp interface Virtual-Template13 301
#
interface Virtual-Template13
ip address 13.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
isis enable 1
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 10.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
isis enable 1
#
return
<R4>display current-configuration
#
sysname R4
#
isis 1
is-level level-2
network-entity 47.0000.0000.0000.0004.00
#
interface Serial2/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ppp mp Virtual-Template 14
#
interface Serial2/0/1
link-protocol ppp
ppp mp Virtual-Template 14
#
interface Virtual-Template14
ip address 14.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
isis enable 1
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 10.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
isis enable 1
#
return
<R5>display current-configuration
#
sysname R5
#
firewall zone Local
priority 15
#
interface Dialer15
link-protocol ppp
ppp pap local-user R5 password cipher %$%$>*9p9daA=1eVjFUnm!D9,Q[3%$%$
ip address ppp-negotiate
dialer user R5
dialer bundle 1
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
pppoe-client dial-bundle-number 1
#
return