5 Principios generales de codificación
6.99 Medio de transmisión utilizado
Chapter 12 IPv6 Hands-on Exercise Guide
Overview
Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is the next-generation IP protocol designed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as an upgraded version of the current Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4).
Compared with IPv4, IPv6 has the following advantages:
1. Huge address space: An IPv6 address is 128 bits long. The 128-bit address structure increases the number of possible addresses by 2
96times.
2. Flexible IP packet header: IPv6 uses a series of extension headers of fixed formats to replace the options fields of variable lengths in the IPv4 header.
3. Simple IPv6 packet header format: An IPv6 packet header carries only eight fields.
The simplified packet header facilitates packet forwarding and improves throughput.
4. Enhanced security: IPv6 supports identity authentication and data encryption.
5. Support for more service types.
6. Continuous protocol evolution: IPv6 adds support for new functions and caters for future technology development requirements.
Due to the large scale of the Internet and large number of IPv4 users and terminals, transition from IPv4 to IPv6 cannot be completed in a short time. In addition, enterprises and users become increasingly dependent on the Internet in their daily work and cannot tolerate service disruption brought by the transition. Therefore, IPv4 needs to gradually transit to IPv6 so that users can experience the advantages brought by IPv6 while still be able to communicate with IPv4 users. Smooth transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is a key factor determining IPv6 success.
Many solutions have been proposed in the industry for smooth migration from IPv4 to IPv6. IETF organized the research team NGTrans focused on IPv4-to-IPv6 transition. The team has drafted several transition solutions and tried to standardize them. The transition solutions mainly cover the following technologies:
1. Dual-stack technology
2. Tunneling technology (including manual tunneling and automatic tunneling technologies)
3. Tunnel proxy
4. NAT-PAT
Objectives
Upon completion of this exercise guide, you will be able to master the method to:
Use stateless IPv6 address auto configuration.
Configure OSPFv3.
Configure IS-ISv6.
Configure BGPv4+.
Configure BGPv4+ to advertise default routes.
Configure BGPv4+ routing policy.
Configure a manual tunnel and an automatic tunnel (6to4).
Tasks
The following figure shows the IPv6 network topology. Deploy the network according to the following requirements:
(1) Run OSPFv3 among R1, R2, and R3, and set the area ID of the three routers to 0 and router IDs of R1, R2, and R3 to 10.1.1.1, 10.2.2.2, and 10.3.3.3 respectively .
(2) Run IS-ISv6 among R4, R5, and R6, set the area ID of the three routers to 49.0001, and ensure that the three routers are all Level-2 routers.
(3) Run OSPFv2 on the IPv4 network between R2 and R4 and set the area ID of the two routers to 0, include loopback interfaces.
(4) Set up an IS-ISv4 neighbor relationship between R6 and R7 (an IPv4 network is deployed between R6 and R7) and set the area ID of the two routers to 49.0001.
(5) Set up full-mesh IBGP4+ IPv6 neighbor relationships among R1, R2, and R3, set the AS number of the three routers to 100, and configure R2 to advertise default routes to AS100. Set up an IBGP4+ IPv6 neighbor relationship between R4 and R5 and set the AS number of the two routers to 200.
(6) Set up an GRE manual tunnel between R2 and R4 with the tunnel address 2001:db8:24::/64 ,Set up an EBGP IPv6 neighbor relationship between R2 and R4 using IPv6 addresses, and configure R2 to advertise the route 2001:db8:100:00 of AS100 to AS200.
(7) Import IS-ISv6 routes to BGP on R4 and R5. Ensure that all IPv6 networks that connect to AS100 and AS200 can communicate with each other.
(8) Configure users connected to GE0/0/1 of R7 to automatically obtain IPv6 addresses, DNS(R1) information in state auto configuration mode. In this example, R8 is used to simulate an IPv6 terminal.
(9) Establish a 6to4 tunnel between R6 and R7. Ensure R7 can ping the IPv6 networks inside
AS200.
Topology
Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask Default
Gateway
Perform basic configurations according to the address table, and then run the display ospfv3 peer command to check information about OSPF neighbor relationships and routes on network segments where the loopback interfaces 0 reside.
<R1>display ospfv3 peer
OSPFv3 Process (1)
OSPFv3 Area (0.0.0.0)
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Interface Instance ID
10.2.2.2 1 Full/Backup 00:00:40 GE0/0/1 0
10.3.3.3 1 Full/DROther 00:00:31 GE0/0/1 0
2. Run IS-ISv6 among R4, R5, and R6, set the area ID of the three routers to 49.0001, and ensure that the three routers are all Level-2 routers.
After completing this task, check information about IS-IS neighbor relationships.
[R6]display isis 1 peer
Peer information for ISIS(1)
System Id Interface Circuit Id State HoldTime Type PRI
---
0000.0000.0004 GE0/0/0 0000.0000.0004.01 Up 8s L2 64
0000.0000.0005 GE0/0/1 0000.0000.0006.02 Up 30s L2 64
Total Peer(s): 2
3. Run OSPFv2 on the IPv4 network between R2 and R4 and set the area ID of the two routers to 0, include loopback interfaces.
After completing this task, check information about the OSPF neighbor relationship.
[R2]display ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.2.2.2
Peer Statistic Information
---
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.4.4.4 Full
---
4. Set up an IS-ISv4 neighbor relationship between R6 and R7 (an IPv4
network is deployed between R6 and R7) and set the area ID of the two
routers to 49.0001.
After completing this task, check information about the IS-IS neighbor relationship.
<R7>display isis peer
Peer information for ISIS(1)
System Id Interface Circuit Id State HoldTime Type PRI
---
0000.0000.0006 GE0/0/0 0000.0000.0006.03 Up 8s L2 64
Total Peer(s): 1
5. Set up full-mesh IBGP4+ IPv6 neighbor relationships among R1, R2, and R3, set the AS number of the three routers to 100, and configure R2 to advertise default routes to AS100. Set up an IBGP4+ IPv6 neighbor relationship between R4 and R5 and set the AS number of the two routers to 200.
Configure R2 to advertise default routes to AS100.
[R1]display bgp ipv6 peer
BGP local router ID : 10.1.1.1
Local AS number : 100
Total number of peers : 2 Peers in established state : 2
Peer V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent OutQ Up/Down State PrefRcv
2001:DB8:100::2 4 100 2 2 0 00:00:24 Established 0
2001:DB8:100::3 4 100 2 2 0 00:00:19 Established 0
<R1>display bgp ipv6 routing-table
BGP Local router ID is 10.1.1.1
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Total Number of Routes: 1
*>i Network : :: PrefixLen : 0
NextHop : 2001:DB8:100::2 LocPrf : 100
MED : 0 PrefVal : 0
Label :
Path/Ogn : i
<R4>display bgp ipv6 peer
BGP local router ID : 10.4.4.4
Local AS number : 200
Total number of peers : 1 Peers in established state : 1
Peer V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent OutQ Up/Down State PrefRcv
2002:A06:606:56::5
4 200 2 2 0 00:00:16 Established 0
6. Set up an GRE manual tunnel between R2 and R4 with the tunnel address 2001:db8:24::/64.Set up an EBGP IPv6 neighbor relationship between R2 and R4 using IPv6 addresses, and configure R2 to advertise the route 2001:db8:100:00 of AS100 to AS200.
After completing this task, check route learning information.
<R4>display bgp ipv6 routing-table
BGP Local router ID is 10.4.4.4
*> Network : 2001:DB8:100:: PrefixLen : 64
NextHop : 2001:DB8:24::2 LocPrf :
MED : 0 PrefVal : 0
Label :
Path/Ogn : 100 i
<R5>display bgp ipv6 routing-table
*>i Network : 2001:DB8:100:: PrefixLen : 64
NextHop : 2002:A06:606:46::4 LocPrf : 100
MED : 0 refVal : 0
Label :
Path/Ogn : 100 i
7. Import IS-ISv6 routes to BGP on R4 and R5. Ensure that all IPv6 networks that connect to AS100 and AS200 can communicate with each other.
Run the import-route command on R4 and R5 to import IS-IS routes to BGP and enable communication between AS100 and AS200. Since BGP+ does not run on R6, R6 does not know the forwarding path of the data packets. It is recommended that you configure IS-IS on R4 to advertise default IPv6 routes.
[R5]ping ipv6 -c 1 2001:db8:100::1
PING 2001:db8:100::1 : 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 2001:DB8:100::1
bytes=56 Sequence=1 hop limit=61 time = 60 ms
--- 2001:db8:100::1 ping statistics ---
1 packet(s) transmitted
1 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 60/60/60 ms
8. Configure users connected to GE0/0/1 of R7 to automatically obtain IPv6 addresses and DNS (R1) information in state auto configuration mode. In this example, R8 is used to simulate an IPv6 terminal.
It is required that DHCP be deployed together with NDP state auto configuration.
<R8>display dhcpv6 client
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is in stateful DHCPv6 client mode.
State is BOUND.
Preferred server DUID : 0003000100E0FC2902A2
Reachable via address : FE80::2E0:FCFF:FE29:2A3
IA NA IA ID 0x00000031 T1 43200 T2 69120
Obtained : 2015-05-20 09:20:14
Renews : 2015-05-20 21:20:14
Rebinds : 2015-05-21 04:32:14
Address : 2002:A07:707::100
Lifetime valid 172800 seconds, preferred 86400 seconds
Expires at 2015-05-22 09:20:14(171706 seconds left)
DNS server : 2001:DB8:100::1
9. Establish a 6to4 tunnel between R6 and R7. Ensure R7 can ping the IPv6 networks inside AS200.
R2 and R4 communicate through a GRE tunnel, and R6 and R7 communicate through a 6to4 tunnel.
Configuration List
<R1>display current-configuration
#
sysname R1
#
ipv6
#
router id 10.1.1.1
#
ospfv3 1
router-id 10.1.1.1
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ipv6 enable
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:100::1/64
ospfv3 1 area 0.0.0.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
#
bgp 100
router-id 10.1.1.1
undo default ipv4-unicast
peer 2001:DB8:100::2 as-number 100
peer 2001:DB8:100::3 as-number 100
#
ipv4-family unicast
undo synchronization
#
ipv6-family unicast
undo synchronization
peer 2001:DB8:100::2 enable
peer 2001:DB8:100::3 enable
#
return
<R2>display current-configuration
#
sysname R2
#
ipv6
#
router id 10.2.2.2
#
ospfv3 1
router-id 10.2.2.2
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 192.168.24.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
ipv6 enable
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:100::2/64
ospfv3 1 area 0.0.0.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
#
interface Tunnel0/0/0
ipv6 enable
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:24::2/64
tunnel-protocol gre
source 10.2.2.2
destination 10.4.4.4
#
bgp 100
router-id 10.2.2.2
peer 2001:DB8:24::4 as-number 200
peer 2001:DB8:100::1 as-number 100
peer 2001:DB8:100::3 as-number 100
#
ipv4-family unicast
undo synchronization
#
ipv6-family unicast
undo synchronization
network 2001:DB8:100:: 64
peer 2001:DB8:24::4 enable
peer 2001:DB8:100::1 enable
peer 2001:DB8:100::1 default-route-advertise
peer 2001:DB8:100::3 enable
peer 2001:DB8:100::3 default-route-advertise
#
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 10.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.24.0 0.0.0.255
#
ipv6 route-static :: 0 NULL0
#
return
<R3>display current-configuration
#
sysname R3
#
ipv6
#
router id 10.3.3.3
#
ospfv3 1
router-id 10.3.3.3
#
interface Serial4/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.35.3 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ipv6 enable
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:100::3/64
ospfv3 1 area 0.0.0.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 10.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
#
bgp 100
router-id 10.3.3.3
undo default ipv4-unicast
peer 2001:DB8:100::1 as-number 100
peer 2001:DB8:100::2 as-number 100
#
ipv4-family unicast
undo synchronization
#
ipv6-family unicast
undo synchronization
peer 2001:DB8:100::1 enable
peer 2001:DB8:100::2 enable
#
return
<R4>display current-configuration
#
sysname R4
#
ipv6
#
router id 10.4.4.4
#
isis 1
is-level level-2
cost-style wide
network-entity 49.0001.0000.0000.0004.00
#
ipv6 enable topology standard
ipv6 default-route-advertise always
#
firewall zone Local
priority 15
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 192.168.24.4 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ipv6 enable
ipv6 address 2002:A06:606:46::4/64
isis ipv6 enable 1
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 10.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
#
interface Tunnel0/0/0
ipv6 enable
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:24::4/64
tunnel-protocol gre
source 10.4.4.4
destination 10.2.2.2
#
bgp 200
router-id 10.4.4.4
undo default ipv4-unicast
peer 2001:DB8:24::2 as-number 100
peer 2002:A06:606:56::5 as-number 200
#
ipv4-family unicast
undo synchronization
#
ipv6-family unicast
undo synchronization
import-route isis 1
peer 2001:DB8:24::2 enable
peer 2002:A06:606:56::5 enable
peer 2002:A06:606:56::5 next-hop-local
#
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 10.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.24.0 0.0.0.255
#
return
<R5>display current-configuration
#
sysname R5
#
ipv6
#
router id 10.5.5.5
#
isis 1
is-level level-2
cost-style wide
network-entity 49.0001.0000.0000.0005.00
#
ipv6 enable topology standard
#
interface Serial4/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.35.5 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ipv6 enable
ipv6 address 2002:A06:606:56::5/64
isis ipv6 enable 1
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 10.5.5.5 255.255.255.255
#
bgp 200
router-id 10.5.5.5
undo default ipv4-unicast
peer 2002:A06:606:46::4 as-number 200
#
ipv4-family unicast
undo synchronization
#
ipv6-family unicast