2. ASPECTOS GENERALES
2.2 Descripción del producto/servicio a ofrecer:
The Swedish Variation (also called the Folkestone Vari- ation) is asharpline beginning 6... c4. Black now has a four to threequeensidepawnmajority, and will try to expand with ...b5, with White aiming for a central break with e4. The line is considered somewhat dubious, and is rarely seen nowadays.
The Swedish Variation has ECO code D33.
7.5.3 See also
• Semi-Tarrasch Defense
• List of chess openings
7.5.4
References
• Colins, Sam (2005), Understanding the Chess Open- ings,Gambit Publications,ISBN 1-904600-28-X
• de Firmian, Nick(2008),Modern Chess Openings
(15th ed.), McKay,ISBN 978-0-8129-3682-7
7.5.5
External links
• Opening Report (on the Marshall variation): 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c5 4.cxd5 exd5 5.e4 (105 games)
(inItalian)
7.6 Marshall Defense
The Marshall Defense is a chess openingthat begins with the moves:
1.d4 d5
2.c4 Nf6?!
The Marshall Defense is a fairly dubious variation of the
Queen’s Gambit Declined. It was played byFrank Mar- shallin the 1920s, but he gave it up after losing with it to
AlekhineatBaden-Badenin 1925.[1]It is no longer used by experienced players (Watson 2007:12–14).
White may choose to ignore Black’s provocative second move with 3.Nc3, which will usually transpose into nor- mal lines of theQueen’s Gambit Declined(after 3...e6), theSlav Defence(after 3...c6), theQueen’s Gambit Ac- cepted (after 3...dxc4) or the Grünfeld Defence (after 3...g6).
7.6.1
3.cxd5 Nxd5 4.e4
A common continuation, though White may be playing e4 too early. If Black deviates with 3...Qxd5, 4.Nc3 Qa5 5.Bd2 is strong, e.g. 5...Qb6 6.Nf3 Qxb2?? 7.Rb1 Qa3 8.Nb5, winning (Alburt 2009:38).
After Black retreats the knight with 4...Nf6, White can continue 5.e5 attacking the knight, or he can get a clear advantage with 5.f3, or a small advantage with 5.Nc3 e5! 6.Nf3! (6.dxe5 Qxd1+ 7.Kxd1 Ng4![2]) 6...exd4! 7.Qxd4 (Alburt 2009:38).
7.6.2
4.Nf3!
This is most accurate, threatening 5.e4. After 4...Bf5, White achieves a large advantage with 5.Qb3 e6 (5...Nc6 6.Nbd2! Nb6 7.e4 Bg6 8.d5 is very strong) 6.Nc3 (avoiding the complications of 6.Qxb7 Nd7; 6.Nbd2 is also good) 6...Nc6 7.e4 Nxc3 8.exf5 Nd5 9.a3 (avoiding
9.Qxb7 Bb4+) Qd6 10.Qxb7 Rb8 11.Qa6 Be7 12.Bb5 Rb6 13.Bxc6 Rxc6 14.Qd3 exf5 15.0-0 0-0 16.Qxf5, as inLipnitsky–Bondarevsky,USSR championship1951.[3] White also achieves a “pleasant advantage” with 5.Nbd2 Nf6 6.Qb3 Qc8 7.g3 (Benjamin).
7.6.3 3.cxd5 c6 4.dxc6 Nxc6
Black can play a gambit line where Black generally fol- lows up with ...e5, causing a pawn exchange in the center and the removal of the queens. White retains a small ad- vantage in the queenless middlegame that follows.
7.6.4 See also
• List of chess openings• List of chess openings named after people
7.6.5 Notes
[1] ChessGames.com. “Alekhine–Marshall, Baden-Baden 1925”. ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2010-02-08. [2] However, opening database Chessok.com gives 8.Nh3!
+.48 denying equality for Black.
[3] ChessGames.com. “Lipnitsky–Bondarevsky, Moscow 1951”. ChessGames.com. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
7.6.6 References
• Alburt, Lev (October 2009). “Time, Anyone?". Chess Life. p. 38.
• Benjamin, Joel. “GM Joel on the Marshall De-
fense”. Chess Life Online (United States Chess Fed- eration). Retrieved 2010-02-08.
• Watson, John (2007), Mastering the Chess Open-
ings, Volume 2, Gambit Publications,ISBN 978-1- 904600-69-5
7.7 Baltic Defense
For the Baltic Opening (1.Nc3), seeDunst Opening. The Baltic Defense (also known as the Grau Defense, or the Sahovic Defense) is achess openingcharacterized by the moves:
1.d4 d5
7.8. SLAV DEFENSE 155
The Baltic is an unusual variation of theQueen’s Gambit
Declined(QGD). In most defenses to the QGD, Black
has difficulties developing his queenbishop. This opening takes a radical approach to the problem by bringing out the queen bishop immediately.
The Baltic has not found widespread acceptance among chess masters, but some world-class players have used it includinggrandmasters Paul KeresandAlexei Shirov. TheECOcode for the Baltic Defense is D06.
7.7.1
White responses
White has a number of replies to this opening, including 3.Nf3, 3.Qb3, 3.cxd5, and 3.Nc3. Play might continue:
3.Nf3 e6 • 4.Qb3 Nc6 • 4.e3 Nf6 5.Qb3 Nc6 • 4.Nc3 Nf6 5.Qb3 Nc6 • 4.cxd5 exd5 5.Qb3 Nc6 3.Qb3 3...e5 4.Qxb7 Nd7 5.Nf3 Rb8 6.Qxd5 Bb4+ 7.Nfd2 (7.Bd2?? Ne7−+Webb–Sinclair, Eng- land 1971) Ne7 8.Qf3 exd4 and Black has de- velopment and initiative for his pawn
3.cxd5 (Main Line)
3...Bxb1 4.Qa4+ Qd7 5.Qxd7+ Nxd7 6.Rxb1 Ngf6 7.Nf3
3.Nc3
3...e6 4.Qb3?! (4.Nf3) Nc6 5.cxd5 exd5 6.Qxd5 (this is a mistake, as Black has 6...Nxd4, winning) Qxd5 7.Nxd5 0-0-0−+
7.7.2
See also
• Keres Defence(1.d4 e6 2.c4 Bb4+)
• List of chess openings
• List of chess openings named after places
7.7.3 Notes
7.7.4 References
• Nunn, John(1999), Nunn’s Chess Openings, Every- man Chess,ISBN 1-85744-221-0
• Polugajewski, Lev (1984), Damengambit, Tschig-
orin System bis Tarrasch-Verteidigung, Sportverlag Berlin
7.7.5 Further reading
• Baltic Defense to the Queens Gambit, by Andrew Soltis, Chess Digest,ISBN 0-87568-228-6. • Keres Defence, by Giovanni Falchetta, 1992,ISBN
88-86127-07-3.
7.8 Slav Defense
The Slav Defense is achess openingthat begins with the moves:
1.d4 d5
2.c4 c6
The Slav is one of the primary defenses to theQueen’s Gambit. Although it was analyzed as early as 1590, it was not until the 1920s that it started to be explored ex- tensively. Many masters ofSlavicdescent helped develop thetheoryof this opening, includingAlapin,Alekhine,
Bogoljubov, andVidmar.
The Slav received an exhaustive test during the two Alekhine–EuweWorld Championshipmatches in 1935 and 1937. Played by 11 of the first 13 world cham- pions, this defense was particularly favored by Euwe,
Botvinnik, andSmyslov. More recently the Slav has been adopted byAnand,Ivanchuk,Lautier,Short, and other topgrandmasters, including use in six of the eight games thatVladimir Kramnikplayed as Black in the2006 World Championship (in the other two, he played the related
Semi-Slav Defense).
Today the theory of the Slav is very extensive and well- developed.