2 ■
OverviewFlexibility of the network topology Suitability for high data rates Networking between buildings EMC
Simple cable laying
Range of cables for special applications
Effect of power failure Effect of connection failure
Max. length of the network Max. distance between two network nodes/Access Points
1) Suitable for 10 Mbit/s and 100 Mbit/s and 1000 Mbit/s 2) Protection against subnet failure using redundant voltage supply 3) no effect in ring structure
4) depending on the network components used 5) depending on the antenna used
1) 1)
Wireless link
Cables for indoor area;
trailing cable; marine cable;
FastConnect cables
Failure of a subnet 2) Failure of a subnet
Network breaks down into two subnets that function in isolation
1000 m per segment
100 m 30 m indoor per segment
100 m outdoor per segment
100 m 100 m feeder cable to
access point
yes yes
without special tool;
FastConnect system with special tool LEDs; signal contact;
SNMP network management;
Web-based management, PROFINET diagnosis
LEDs;
SNMP network management;
Web-based management Max. length of connection cable
Pre-assembled cables On-site assembling
Integrated diagnostics support
Redundant network structures
G_IK10_XX_10013
Twisted-pair network Fiber optic network
Cables for indoor and outdoor area; trailing cable;
halogen-free cables Failure of a subnet 2) Network breaks down into two subnets that function in isolation
5000 m4) up to 150 km:
over 150 km observe signal runtime 3000 m 50 m POF 100 m PCF multimode 26000 m singlemode 3000 m
multimode 50 m POF 100 m PCF 26000 m singlemode
LEDs; signal contact;
SNMP network management;
Web-based management, PROFINET diagnosis Electrical ring or doubling of
the infrastructure (linear bus, star, tree)
Optical ring or doubling of the infrastructure
(linear bus, star, tree)
2)
with trained staff
multiple illumination
Introduction
Network selection criteria
■
Overview (continued)2
Network types and components Network topology
Transmission media
Device connection
Tools and accessories
Lightning converter
Documentation
Fiber Optic Networks Star, linear bus, ring, tree
Not relevant since twisted-pair only used in the indoor area
Manual for TP and fiber optic networks Outlet RJ45
FC Stripping Tool FC RJ45 Plug FC RJ45 Modular Outlet 9-pin ITP Sub-D connector 15-pin ITP Sub-D connector FastConnect cables ITP-Standard Cable TP Cord
FO Standard Cable FO Ground Cable FO Trailing Cable POF Standard Cable POF Trailing Cable PCF Standard Cable GP PCF Trailing Cable GP PCF Trailing Cable
Terminal connection over OMC BFOC connectors
further components on request SC connectors SC RJ connectors Not applicable Over FC RJ45 Plug and
FastConnect cables ITP Standard Cable ITP XP Standard Cable TP Cord, TP XP Cord TP Converter Cord
G_IK10_XX_10014
Twisted Pair Networks
Star, linear bus, ring, tree
FO Standard Cable FO Ground Cable FO Trailing Cable POF Standard Cable POF Trailing Cable PCF Standard Cable GP PCF Trailing Cable GP PCF Trailing Cable
Wireless Link Wireless network
Over RJ45 Plug and FastConnect cables ITP Standard Cable ITP XP Standard Cable TP Cord, TP XP Cord TP Converter Cord
Included in SCALANCE W scope of supply Antennas (incl. RCoax Cable)
Lightning protector
PROFINET
Introduction
2 ■
Overview PROFINET – The open standard for automationPROFINET is the innovative and open Industrial Ethernet standard (IEC 61158) for industrial automation. With PROFINET, devices can be linked up from the field level through to the management level.
PROFINET enables system-wide communication, supports plant-wide engineering and uses the IT standards right down to the field level. Fieldbus systems such as PROFIBUS can be easily integrated without any modification of existing devices.
PROFINET takes account of the following aspects:
Real-time communication
PROFINET is based on Industrial Ethernet and uses the stan-dard TCP/IP (Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) for parameterization, configuration and diagnosis. Real-time com-munication for the transmission of useful/process data is per-formed on the same line. PROFINET devices can support the following real-time properties:
Real-time (RT) uses the option of prioritizing and optimizing the communication stacks of the stations. This makes high-perfor-mance data transmission possible with standard network com-ponents in the field of automation.
Isochronous real-time (IRT) For especially demanding tasks, the hardware-supported time communication isochronous real-time (IRT) is available – for example, for motion control applica-tions and high-performance applicaapplica-tions in factory automation.
The ERTEC (Enhanced Real-Time Ethernet Controller) ASICs support both real-time properties This is the basic technology for integrated system solutions using PROFINET. In addition to being integrated into Siemens Products, the ERTEC technology is also made available to other manufacturers. The development of own devices is supported in the form of Development Kits and Competence Centers.
(PROFINET IO) distributed field devices
PROFINET IO enables distributed field devices (IO devices such as signal modules) to be connected directly to Industrial Ethernet. During configuration with STEP 7, these field devices are assigned to a central controller (so-called IO-Controller).
Existing modules or devices can continue to be used with PROFINET-compatible interfaces or links, which safeguards existing investments by PROFIBUS or AS-Interface users.
A configuration with standard and failsafe modules in one station is also possible.
An IO Supervisor serves HMI and diagnostics purposes – as on PROFIBUS – using hierarchical diagnostics dialogs (overview and detailed diagnostics). User data are transferred via real-time communication. Configuration and diagnostics are handled using TCP/IP or IT standards. The simple engineering for PROFINET, field-proven with PROFIBUS, was adopted here.
From the viewpoint of programming with STEP 7 there is no difference between PROFIBUS and PROFINET when accessing an I/O device. Users can thus very easily configure field devices on Industrial Ethernet on the basis of the know-how acquired with PROFIBUS.
By retaining the device model of PROFIBUS, the same diagnos-tics information is available on PROFINET. As well as device diagnostics, module-specific and channel-specific data can also be read out from the devices, enabling simple and fast location of faults.
Alongside the star, tree and ring topologies, PROFINET also con-sistently supports the line topology shaped by established field-buses. By integrating switch functionality into the devices, as on the S7-300 with CP 343-1, for example, or the SIMATIC ET 200S or ET 200pro distributed field devices, line topologies that are oriented around the machine or plant structure can be formed in the familiar way. This results in savings in cabling overhead and cuts down on components such as external switches.
In addition to the products in degree of protection IP20, a complete portfolio is available for IP65, such as the ET 200pro field device or the SCALANCE X208PRO switch.
PROFINET with distributed field devices
PG/PC CP 343-1 Lean Industrial Ethernet
PROFINET
Introduction
■
Overview (continued)2
Fieldbus integration
PROFINET permits easy integration of existing fieldbus systems.
This requires the use of a proxy, which is a master on the PROFIBUS or AS-Interface system on the one hand and a station on Industrial Ethernet on the other hand and which supports PROFINET communication. This protects the investments of plant operators, mechanical and plant engineers, and device manufacturers.
Motion Control
On the basis of PROFINET and using isochronous real-time (IRT) it is also possible to implement very fast, isochronous drive con-trols for high-performance motion control applications without any great expense. The standardized drive profile PROFIdrive enables vendor-independent communication between motion controllers and drives, regardless of whether the bus system is Industrial Ethernet or PROFIBUS. Isochronous real-time commu-nication and standard IT commucommu-nication can be used simulta-neously on the same cable without adversely affecting each other.
Distributed intelligence and machine-machine communica-tion (PROFINET CBA)
PROFIBUS International has defined a standard for implement-ing modular plant structures: PROFINET CBA (Component Based Automation). Positive experiences have already been made with modularization for machine and plant construction:
Frequently-required parts are ready-made and can be rapidly combined into an individual unit when an order is placed.
With PROFINET CBA, modularization can be extended to the automation engineering of the plant with the help of software components.
Software components are understood to be encapsulated, reusable software functions. These can be individual technolog-ical functions such as closed-loop controllers, or user programs for entire machines. Like blocks, they can be flexibly combined and easily re-used – regardless of their internal programming.
Communication between the software components is carried out exclusively via the component interfaces. On the outside, only those variables are accessible on these interfaces which are required for interaction with other components.
Software components are created with STEP 7 or other vendor-specific tools. SIMATIC iMap is used for plant-wide configuring of the overall plant using graphical interconnection of the com-ponents. The degree of modularization does not determine the number of programmable controllers required. Allocation to one central programmable controller or several distributed control-lers allows optimal utilization of the automation hardware.
ON
Configure devices, generate user program
Machine 1 Machine 2
Machine 3
PROFINET
Introduction
2 ■
Overview (continued) Network installationPROFINET enables the network to be installed without any spe-cialist knowledge. The open standard based on Industrial Ether-net meets all the requirements relevant to the industrial sector.
PROFINET permits the simple construction of the usual network topologies such as star, tree, line and ring for greater reliability and using industry-standard cabling.
The "PROFINET Installation Guide" provides network installation support for manufacturers and users. Symmetrical copper cable or EMI-resistant fiber optic cable is used depending on the application. Devices from different manufacturers are easily connected via standardized and rugged plug connectors (to IP65/IP67).
For address assignment and network diagnostics, PROFINET uses the IT standards DCP (Discovery Configuration Protocol) and SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol).
PROFINET offers new functions and applications for wireless communication with Industrial Wireless LAN. This enables tech-nologies subject to wear, such as contact wires, to be replaced and permits driverless transport systems or personalized oper-ating or maintenance devices to be used. Industrial WLAN is standard-based but also offers additional functions that permit the high-performance connection of field devices to controllers:
• "Data reservation"
is used for reserving the bandwidth between an access point and a defined client. This ensures high, reliable performance for this client, regardless of the number of clients operated at the access point.
• "Rapid Roaming"
for the fast handover of mobile stations between different ac-cess points.
These expansions to the standard enable high-performance wireless applications with PROFINET and SCALANCE W right down to the field level.
IT standards & security
In the context of Web integration, the data of PROFINET compo-nents is presented in HTML or XML format. Regardless of the tool used, information of the automation level can be accessed from any point with a commercially available Internet browser, thus significantly simplifying startup and diagnostics.
PROFINET defines a graded security concept that can be used without specialist knowledge and that largely rules out operator errors, unauthorized access and manipulation, without hindering the production process. For this, the SCALANCE S product range is available with software or hardware modules.
Safety
The PROFIsafe safety profile, which has been tried and tested with PROFIBUS and which permits the transmission of standard and safety-related data on a single bus cable, can also be used with PROFINET. Standard switches, proxys and links can also be used for failsafe communication. In addition, failsafe communi-cation is possible via Industrial Wireless LAN (IWLAN).
PROFINET thus permits the implementation of standard and fail-safe applications with integrated configuration throughout the network – not only when designing new plants, but also when upgrading existing ones.
Process
PROFINET is the standard for all applications in automation. By means of the PROFIBUS integration, it also includes the process industry – including hazardous areas.