All network nodes share the performance/data rate
All data packets go through all segments.
Only one frame in the network at any given time.
Introduction
Topologies
■
Overview (continued)2
Autosensing/Autonegotiation
Autosensing describes the characteristic of network nodes (data terminals and network components) that automatically detect the transmission rate of a signal (10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s or 1000 Mbit/s) and support autonegotiation.
Autonegotiation is the configuration protocol for Twisted Pair.
It enables the participating nodes to negotiate and agree the transmission rate before the first data packages are transferred:
• 10 Mbit/s,100 Mbit/s or 1000 Mbit/s
• Full duplex or half duplex
Autonegotiation can also be deactivated if a specific transmis-sion rate has to be set.
The advantage with Autosensing lies in the problem-free inter-operability of all Ethernet components.
Classical Ethernet components that do not support Autosensing work problem-free with Fast Ethernet and new Gigabit Ethernet components that do support Autosensing.
Autocrossover
The Autocrossover function automatically crosses the send and receive cables on Twisted Pair interfaces. This means that crossed connecting lines (e.g. TP XP Cords) are no longer required.
High-speed redundancy with SIMATIC NET
Extremely fast reconfiguration of the network following an error is indispensable for industrial applications, because the con-nected data terminals will otherwise disconnect logical com-munication links. This would result in a process running out of control or emergency shutdown of the plant.
To achieve the necessary fast response times, SIMATIC NET uses specially developed procedures for controlling redun-dancy. A network can then be reconfigured to form a functional network infrastructure in a fraction of a second.
In an optical ring comprising 50 switches, the network will be reconfigured after an error (cable break or switch failure) in less than 0.3 seconds. The connected data terminals remain un-affected by the changes in the network and logical connections are not disconnected. Control over the process or application is assured at all times.
In addition to implementing high-speed media redundancy in the ring, SIMATIC NET switches also offer the functions required for high-speed redundant coupling of rings or network seg-ments. Network segments in any topology or rings can be coupled over two switches.
Configuration with high-speed redundancy in the optical ring PC
Operator Station PC
S7-400
S7-400
PC
Switch SCALANCE X-400
S7-400
S7-400
S7-400 PC
S7-400
PC
SCALANCE X 204-2
S7-300
S7-300
S7-300 Fiber Optic Industrial Ethernet
G_IK10_XX_10093
Introduction
Topologies
2 ■
Overview (continued)Configuration with high-speed redundancy in the electrical ring PC
Operator Station PC
S7-400
S7-400
PC
Switch SCALANCE X-400
S7-400
S7-400
S7-400 PC
S7-400
PC
Switch SCALANCE X208
S7-300
S7-300
S7-300 Twisted Pair Industrial Ethernet
G_IK10_XX_10101
Introduction
Topologies
■
Overview (continued)2
Configuration with high-speed redundancy in the mixed ring
electrical ring circuit: 100 m optical ring circuit (multimode): 3000 m Maximum cable length for 100 Mbit/s:
PC
Operator Station
S7-400
S7-400
PC
S7-400
S7-400
S7-400
S7-400
Switch SCALANCE X208
S7-300
S7-300
S7-300 Industrial Ethernet Industrial Ethernet
G_IK10_XX_10113
SCALANCE X202-2IRT
Switch SCALANCE X206-1
Switch SCALANCE X206-1
IPC
IPC
Introduction
Topologies
2 ■
Overview (continued)Electrical ring topology with SCALANCE X101-1/X101-1LD
Star topology with SCALANCE X101-1/X101-1LD and remote SCALANCE W Access Point
G_IK10_XX_10054
SCALANCE X101-1 or X101-1LD PC
S7-400
PC
S7-400
S7-400 S7-300
S7-300 Industrial Ethernet
G_IK10_XX_10054
Industrial Ethernet S7-400 S7-300
IPC
IPC SCALANCE
SCALANCE X208 X208
SCALANCE X204IRT
SCALANCE X101-1 or X101-1 LD
G_IK10_XX_10056
SCALANCE X101-1 or X101-1 LD
SCALANCE X101-1 or X101-1 LD
Field PG with CP 7515
Access Point SCALANCE W-788-1PRO S7-300 with CP 343-1 SCALANCE X-400
ET 200S ET 200S ET 200S ET 200S ET 200S
SCALANCE X206-1 Industrial Ethernet
Industrial Ethernet Industrial Ethernet
Introduction
Topologies
■
Overview (continued)2
Redundancy with the Spanning Tree algorithm
The Spanning Tree algorithm is described in the IEEE 802.1d standard; it organizes any number of meshed Ethernet struc-tures comprising bridges and switches.
To prevent data packages circulating in the network, in the case of closed meshes different connections are switched to standby so that an open tree structure results from the meshed structure.
The bridges/switches communicate for this purpose using the Spanning Tree protocol. This protocol is extremely complex be-cause it has to handle any type of network structure.
The organization of network structures with the Spanning Tree protocol can take from 30 to 60 seconds. During this period, productive communication for reliable visualization or process control in the network is not possible.
In the time-optimized variant "Rapid Reconfiguration Spanning Tree“ according to IEEE 802.1, the time is shortened to a few seconds for up to 10 series-connected switches. For connecting to office networks, some SIMATIC NET switches support the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol.
Switched network
Switched industrial networks can be configured electrically or optically with a linear, star or ring structure or, with SCALANCE X-200, mixed together.
They are constructed with SCALANCE X switches or with OSM and ESM. Fiber-optic conductors or Twisted Pair cables are used as the transmission media between the switches.
Data terminals or network segments are connected over twisted-pair cables or polymer optical fiber (POF) . Switched networks can be of any size. The signal propagation times must be taken into account at distances over 150 km.
Optical cabling with POF/PCF or glass fiber optic cable Fiber optic cables are always recommended as an alternative to copper cables in environments subject to strong electromag-netic interference (EMI) if reliable equipotential bonding cannot be guaranteed, if the system is in the open air, or if no EMI is desired.
Glass fiber optic cables are used to establish optical network topologies covering long distances, while for shorter distances, plastic fiber optic cable made of light-conducting plastics like polymer optical fiber (POF), or plastic covered glass fibers such as polymer cladded fiber (PCF), are used. Simple fiber optic cabling for machine-level use is implemented with the new SC RJ connection system for polymer optical fiber and PCF.
The SC RJ connectors can be assembled especially quickly and simply on-site. The plastic fiber optic cables designed for this purpose can be used universally or specifically in festoon cable systems.
For optical PROFINET networking, products with POF or PCF connection are used, e.g. the Industrial Ethernet Switch SCALANCE X200-4P IRT, ET 200S distributed I/O or the SCALANCE X101-1POF media converter.
Mixed network with SCALANCE X202-2P IRT and SCALANCE X101-1POF media converter
G_IK10_XX_10176
Industrial Ethernet
SIMATIC S7-300 with CP 243-1
Media-Converter IE Standard Cable
HMI
ET 200S with IM 151-3 PN FO
ET 200S with IM 151-3 PN FO
ET 200S with IM 151-3 PN FO POF-FO cable
POF-LWL
POF-FO cable PROFINET
Introduction
Topologies
2 ■
Overview (continued)Use of the SCALANCE X switches in a process control system, e.g. PCS 7
G_IK10_XX_10079
1 Gbit/s terminal bus Switch
SCALANCE X414-3E
Switch SCALANCE X414-3E
Switch SCALANCE X414-3E
Switch SCALANCE X414-3E
Switch SCALANCE X414-3E
Switch SCALANCE X414-3E
Switch SCALANCE X414-3E
Manufactoring cell
Operator Station (OS) Engineering Station (ES)
OS Server (redundant)
S7-300 S7-400H
redundant contoller
OS SIMATIC IT SIMATIC Batch OS
PROFIBUS
1 Gbit/s plant bus 1 Gbit/s plant bus
ET 200M
Introduction
Topologies
■
Overview (continued)2
Fail-safe wireless communication with PROFIsafe
For several years, safety engineering has been integrating into standard automation on the basis of SIMATIC S7 controllers, PROFIBUS and PROFIsafe.
This range has been expanded by PROFINET-enabled compo-nents, thus providing a complete product range with failsafe controllers, failsafe I/O and a corresponding engineering environment.
PROFIsafe prevents errors such as address corruption, loss, delay, etc., when transmitting messages through continuous numbering of the PROFIsafe data, time monitoring, and authen-ticity monitoring using passwords or optimized cyclic redun-dancy check (CRC).
Fail-safe communication is also supported via wireless LAN.
Fail-safe wireless communication with PROFIsafe HMI
Motion Control Proxy
Other fieldbuses Security
HMI
Controller
PROFIBUS Distributed I/O
Machine Vision
Access Point
Fail-safe communication via PROFIsafe profile Switch
Distributed I/O Internet
ET 200pro
PN-/PN-Coupler
SINAMICS G120
Proxy Controller
PROFINET
Safety
Industrial Ethernet
G_IK10_XX_30118