EL ECOBARRIO DE SANTA ROSA XOCHIAC

Under the control of UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) various efforts have been made to find solution for ozone depletion and global warming.

1. Monetreal Protocol (16 September 1987) 27 industrialised countries agreed to limit production of chlorofluoro carbons to half the level of 1986.

2. Helsinki Declaration: (May 1989) montrial protocol was ratified by 82 national Helsinki. They pledged to phase out CFCs by 2000.

3. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes (IPCC, 1988) prepared a world climate programme (WCP)

4. Convention on Climate Changes (CCC):- under UN framework the 1991.

producing and protecting food, found in buffer and animal fat. (4) Vitamins - which exert a necessary influence on digestive processes and help in the absorption of food; found in fresh fruits and vegetables. An average person requires daily 12 to 16 oz. of carbohydrates; 3 to 3.5 oz. of proteins and 2.25 to 3 oz. of fat.

28. Pace maker is the region which controls the heart beat which is located in the right auricle. SA node(sinu-atrial node) is the natural pace maker. It has a rich capillary blood supply and is found at the point where superior venacava empties into the right auricle. If the activity of the existing Pacemaker system is disru- pted due to any reason leads to heart failure. Such persons are provided with an artificial electronic device which regularly sends small amount of electrical charge for maintaining the rhyth- micity of the heart. This device is known as artificial pace maker.

29. The pressure exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels is known as blood pressure or arterial blood pressure. It is in high in aorta near the heart. It is low in the capillaries and veins. The maximum blood pressure is known as systolic pressure and minimum is known as diastolic pressure. In man the systolic pressure is 120 mm Hg and diastolic pressure is 80 mm Hg. It is generally expressed as 120/80 mm Hg. The pressure can be measured by an instrument

known as sphygmomano meter.

30. Excess water must be removed from the body by any means of excretion because it may result in a serious condition of oedema (swelling of tissue through increase of its fluid content). Over secretion of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) results more reabsorption of water and less output of water.

31. Leukemia is a malignant condition of blood in which there is proliferative, purposeless increase of white blood cells in the blood, along with premature cells. The condition usually ends fatally. The total lecucocyte

count in a normal man ranges from 5000-9000. A mere increase in lecucyte count ie upto 11, 000/cc is known as leucocytosis where as abnormal increase ie above 25,000/cc is leukemia or blood cancer. A decrease in WBC count is called leucopenia. 32. Meningitis is the inflam-

mation of the meninges, the covering which lies over the brain and the spinal cord, due to viral or bacterial infection. 33. Metabolism is the chemical change where by, food is changed into living matter and also the transformation by which energy is made available for the use of organism.

Illustration of blood cells maturing from stem cells

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34. Neurosis is a nervous disorder affecting the action but not the structure of the nervous system, specially caused by mental influences and not traceable to physical injury.

35. Haemoglobin is the red pigment present in the blood of man and other vertebrate animals which contains iron and protein. It plays an important part in taking up oxygen from air in the lungs and carries it to various parts of the body where oxygen is required. Haemoglobin also carries CO₂ from all the cells to the lungs.

36. Animals like frog, lizards etc. undergo a kind of inactivity during winter as a short-term adaptation. A very low rate of metabolism is maintained just for survival until favourable conditions of the environment return. This phenomenon is called hibernation. During this period the energy for life activities is derived from stored fat.

37. Hormones are the internal secretions of the ductless (endocrine) glands like pituitary, pancreas, suprarenal and thyroid which are passed directly into the blood inside vessels within the gland itself. These hormones exert a great influence upon health and development of the body. Pancreas manufacture a hormone called insulin, which assists in the assimilation of sugar, and thus prevents diabetes. Adrenalin, a secretion of suprarenal glands control blood pressure and tones the nerves. Thyroxine produced

by the thyroid gland controls the growth as a whole where as the secretion of the pituitary gland exerts a powerful influence on the development of skeletal structures.

38. Autopsy is a post-mortem examination of the body. It is done to find out the reason of death.

39. B.C.G. (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) is a vaccine against tuberculosis. Proper and timely treatment with B.C.G. vaccine can control tuberculosis. 40. Secretion of the liver is called

bile. It contains two types of pigments, bilirubin and biliverdin. Bile emulsifies fats, prevents food from decomposing and forming gas. It helps the digested food to pass smoothly along the digestive canal. It is partly absorbed by the intestines, get into the blood and helps to keep up the heat of the body. A high level of bile pigments in the blood causes jaundice. 41. Biological Warfare is the use of living organisms such as deadly bacteria or viruses or

of infectious materials derived from them as weapons to bring about death or diseases in humans, animals or plants. Most of the advanced countries inclu- ding the USA have biological weapons ready in their arsenal. The use of anthrax by the terrorists against USA is an example for biological warfare.

42. Colour blindness is an inborn condition in which the individual is unable to distinguish between particu- lar colours of red and green. The person suffering from colour blindness has a normal ordinary vision. It is a herditary diseases

43. Disinfectant or germicide is an agent which kills infectious organisms out side the body by direct exposure to chemical or physical agent. They are too corrosive or toxic to be applied to tissues. They are used on inanimate surface. eg. phenol, bleaching powder etc. 44. Proteins are the main

chemical substances of living matter, composed of aminoacids. They are a part of every living cell and are found in all animals and plants. It is very essential for growth and maintanance of the body. Lean meat, fish and eggs are almost entirely proteins. Proteins occur in structural matter as bones, tendons, skin, hair and hoof, and in some vitamins and hormones. All enzymes are proteins. Their composition varies with the source, but all proteins are basically constructed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and some contain

Environmental Laws