Elementos que la caracterizan

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Table 4.38 shows the mode of relaxation in on-and off-campus housing. The respondents that indicated sleeping have the highest percentage in campus and off-campus housing. In on-campus housing, respondents that indicated sleeping have 41.5%, followed by watching film have 21.9%, sport with 21.3% and reading have 15.3%. In off-campus housing, respondents that indicated sleeping have 54.9%, followed by reading and sport with 16.2% and watching films with 12.7%. Most of the respondents in on-campus and off-campus housing indicated that they like sleeping as a mode of relaxation to reduce stress after the day's work and feel refreshed.

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Table 4.39: Distance from the House/Halls Affects Punctuality to Lectures Distance from the house/halls

affect to lecture

On-Campus Housing Off-Campus Housing Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage

Positively 225 64.8 208 31.8

Negatively 122 35.2 446 68.2

Total 347 100.0 654 1 00.0

Source: Author's Fieldwork, 2011.

Table 4.40: Cost of Transportation Per Day in On-and off-campus housing Cost of transportation per day in

on-and off-campus housing

On-Campus Housing Off-Campus Housing Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage

N1-50 203 58.5 126 19.3

N51-100 79 22.8 312 47.7

N101-150 22 6.3 36 5.5

N151-200 8 2.3 36 5.5

N201-250 3 .9 36 5.5

N251-300 7 2.0 36 5.5

N301-350 15 4.3 24 3.7

>N350 10 2.9 48 7.3

Total 347 100.0 654 100.0

Source: Author's Fieldwork, 2011

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Table 4.40 shows the cost of transportation per day distribution between on-campus and off-campus students. The respondents that indicated N1-50 have the highest percentage in on-campus housing and respondents that indicated N51-100 have the highest percentage in off-campus housing. In on-campus housing, respondents that indicated N1-50 have 58.5%, followed by N51-100 with 22.8%, N101-150 with 6.3%, N301-350 with 4.3%, >350 with 2.9%, N151-200 with 2.3%, N251-300 with 2.0% and N201-250 with 0.9%, while in off-campus housing, respondents that indicated N51-100 have 47.7%, followed by N1-50 with 19.3%, >N350 with 7.3%, N101-150, N151-200, N201-250 and N251-300 have 5.5% and 301-350 with 3.7%. The off-campus students spend more money with regard to the cost of transportation than the on-campus students. It has negative effect on their proximity to lecture and academic performance as indicated by off-campus students.

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The commuting time to lecture On-Campus Housing Off-Campus Housing Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage

1-15mins 149 42.9 150 22.9

16-30mins 60 17.3 225 34.4

31-45mins 46 13.3 151 23.1

46-60mins 33 9.5 46 7.1

>60mins 59 17.0 82 12.5

Total 347 100.0 654 100.0

Source: Author's Fieldwork, 2011

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Table 4.41 shows the commuting time to lecture distribution in on-campus and off-campus students. The 1-15mins has the highest percentage in on-campus housing and 16-30mins has the highest percentage in off-campus housing, in on-campus housing, 1-15mins have 42.9%

followed by 16-30mins with 17.3%, >60mins with 17.0%, 31-45mins with 13.3% and 46-60mins with 9.5%, while in off-campus housing, 16-30mins has frequency of 34.4%, followed by 31-45mins with 23.1%, 1-15mins with 22.9%, >60mins with 12.5% and 46-60mins with 7.1%. The off-campus students spend more commuting time (average of 59 minutes)to lecture than the on-campus students (15 minutes). It has negative effect on their proximity to lecture and academic performance as indicated by off-campus students.

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Table 4.42: Number of Buses/Cabs or Okada Trips Boarded To and From Campus per Day

The Trip (buses/cabs or On-Campus Housing Off-Campus Housing okada) boarded to and from

campus

Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage

1-2 224 64.6 174 26.6

3-4 77 22.2 283 43.3

5-6 12 3.4 106 16.2

> 6 34 9.8 91 13.9

Total 347 100.0 654 100.0

Source: Author's Fieldwork, 2011

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Table 4.42 shows the trip (buses/cabs or okada) boarded to and from campus per day distribution between on-campus and off-campus students. The 1-2 buses/cars have the highest percentage of respondents from on-campus housing to campus and 3-4 buses/cars have the highest percentage of respondents from off-campus housing to campus. In on-campus housing, respondents that indicated 1-2 have 64.6%, followed by 3-4 with 22.2%, >6 with 9.8% and 5-6 with 3.4%, while in off-campus housing, respondents that indicated 3-4 have 43.3%, followed by 1-2 with 26.6%, 5-6 with 16.2% and >6 with 13.9%. The off-campus students boarded more buses/cars than the on-campus students.

4.4 Tests of Associations between Respondents' Residence Status and Health Status, Social Interaction and Proximity Using Cross-Tabulation and Chi-Square.

Table 4.43 shows that On-campus students participated more in ethnic activities compared to sporting activities, religious activities and peer group activities than off-campus students (X²=51.89). The reported cases of illness were higher among off-campus students compared to on-campus students (X² = 159.01). On-campus students spent less commuting time to lectures than off-campus students (X² = 69.80). It showed that there is association between respondents' residence status and each of the health status, social interaction and proximity.

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Table 4. 43: Tests of Associations between respondents' Residence Status and each of Academic Performance, Health Status, Social Interaction, and Proximity

Residence status

Factors Off-campus On-campus Total

Chi-square p-value Frequency off Illness in a year

Once 162 (24.8) 223 (64.3) 385 (38.5) 159.01

Twice 246 (37.5) 55 (15.9) 301 (30.1) 0.000

Thrice 175 (26.8) 34 (9.8) 209 (20.9) More than thrice 71 (10.9) 35 (10.1) 106 (10.6) Total 654 (100) 347 (100) 1001 (100) Class of social activities

Ethnic groups 166 (25.4) 35 (10.1) 201 (20.1) 51.89 Religious groups 216 (33) 182 (52.4) 398 (39.8) 0.000 Sporting groups 95 (14.5) 34 (9.8) 129 (12.9)

Peer groups 177 (27.1) 96 (27.7) 273 (27.3) Total 654 (100) 347 (100) 1001 (100) Commuting time to lecture

1-15mins 150 (22.9) 149 (42.9) 299 (29.9) 69.8 16-30mins 225 (34.4) 60 (17.3) 285 (28.5) 0.000 31-45mins 151 (23.1) 46 (13.3) 197 (19.7)

46-60mins 46 (7) 33 (9.5) 79 (7.9)

>60mins 82 (12.5) 59 (17) 141 (14.1) Total 654 (100) 347 (100) 1001 (100) Source: Author’s Fieldwork, 2011.

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4.5 The Composite Variables Responsible for A Comparative Assessment of the